Special Issue "Allergies and Allergic Diseases—Perspectives in Diagnosis and Management"

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (14 October 2023) | Viewed by 2928

Special Issue Editors

Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: shrimp allergy; alfa-gal; anaphylaxis; wheat dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis; cross-allergy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: food additive; immunology; alergology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
Interests: contact dermatitis; patch test; occupational dermatitis; skin absorption of chemicals; skin protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The diagnosis and management of allergic diseases are difficult tasks in many cases. Component-resolved diagnosis was a game-changing development, allowing us to identify the patterns of sensitization. Furthermore, it allowed us to indirectly identify the proteins behind cross-sensitization. Double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges remain the gold-standard approach in the diagnosis of food allergies, whereas skin prick tests allow the diagnosis of pollen and house dust mite sensitization. Basophile-activation tests are interesting tools, which allow in vitro challenges to be performed, eliminating the risk for patients. These methods all have benefits, but they remain insufficient in many cases. In this Special Issue, we welcome research on different diagnostic tools for allergies and current trends in the management of allergic disorders.

Other topics which will be considered for this Special Issue include research on allergens, allergen isoforms, new allergens, and ligand–allergen interactions.

We look forward to receiving your high-quality submissions.

Dr. Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska
Dr. Kinga Lis
Prof. Dr. Francesca Filon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • allergy
  • anaphylaxis
  • cross-allergies
  • IgE
  • exercise-induced anaphylaxis
  • component-resolved diagnosis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1474 KiB  
Article
A Food Matrix Triggers a Similar Allergic Immune Response in BALB/c Mice Sensitized with Native, Denatured, and Digested Ovalbumin
Life 2023, 13(8), 1733; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081733 - 12 Aug 2023
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Abstract
The search for an animal model to evaluate the allergenic potential of processed food products is still ongoing. Both the sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) in different structural states and the allergic response triggered after intragastric or food challenges were assessed. BALB/c mice were [...] Read more.
The search for an animal model to evaluate the allergenic potential of processed food products is still ongoing. Both the sensitization to ovalbumin (OVA) in different structural states and the allergic response triggered after intragastric or food challenges were assessed. BALB/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally to OVA (50 µg) in different structural states (native OVA, N-OVA; denatured OVA, D-OVA; formaldehyde- and lysine-treated OVA, FK-OVA; denatured OVA-FK, OVA-DFK; peptides from pepsin digestion, Pep-OVA). Anti-OVA-specific IgE responses were evaluated using ELISA. Anaphylactic signs and mMCP-1 serum levels were evaluated after intragastric (2.0 mg/OVA) and food (0.41 mg/OVA) challenges. IgE reactivities to N-OVA and D-OVA were similar among groups (p > 0.05). After the challenges, all OVA-sensitized mice developed mild to severe anaphylactic signs (p < 0.05 vs. control). Mice sensitized to N-OVA and D-OVA had the highest mMCP-1 serum levels after challenges (p < 0.05 vs. control). Allergic responses were similar despite the different OVA doses used for the challenges. The N-OVA-sensitized murine model of egg allergy proposed in the present study holds the potential for evaluating the impact of food matrix composition and processing on the threshold of egg-allergic responses. Full article
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12 pages, 1439 KiB  
Article
Clinical Use of the ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test in the Diagnosis of Meat Allergy Caused by a Tick Bite in an Adult Male with No Previous Atopic History
Life 2023, 13(3), 699; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13030699 - 05 Mar 2023
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Abstract
(1) Background: alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is a serious, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. This is a type of food allergy to red meat and other mammalian products (e.g., gelatin). In Poland, this problem seems to be rare or, more likely, very underdiagnosed. The diagnosis [...] Read more.
(1) Background: alpha-gal syndrome (AGS) is a serious, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. This is a type of food allergy to red meat and other mammalian products (e.g., gelatin). In Poland, this problem seems to be rare or, more likely, very underdiagnosed. The diagnosis of AGS is difficult. It seems that the knowledge about this syndrome is insufficient. There are no effective diagnostic tools able to clearly diagnose this cross-reactive allergy. This paper presents the clinical application of a non-standard method in the diagnosis of a cross-reactive allergy using the example of AGS. (2) Methods: standard tests for in vitro allergy diagnostics and the non-standard ImmunoCAP inhibition test(IT) were carried out for serum collected from a patient with a red meat allergy. (3) Results: the serum concentration of anti-α-Gal IgE was very high (302 kUA/L), and IgE antibodies toanti-mammalian-meat allergens were found. The level of IgE antibodies to mammalian meat allergens decreased after blocking on α-GAL-CAP. The concentration of anti-α-Gal IgE decreased after blocking on CAPs coated with various mammalian meat allergens. Blocking with allergens of poultry meat did not affect the concentration of anti-α-Gal IgE. (4) Conclusions: the ImmunoCAP ITseems to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of cross-reactive allergies. Based on their clinical history and test results, the patient was diagnosed with AGS caused by a primary sensitization to α-Gal after a tick bite. This is the second case of AGS described in Poland and the first in Pomerania. Full article
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Review

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16 pages, 1242 KiB  
Review
Biologics for Chronic Rhinosinusitis—A Modern Option for Therapy
Life 2023, 13(11), 2165; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112165 - 05 Nov 2023
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Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an important ENT pathology which affects about 5–12% of the general population. The treatment of CRS can be pharmacological (nasal sprays, douches, systemic antibiotics and steroids), surgical (endoscopic sinus surgery) or immunological according to established algorithms. CRS was divided [...] Read more.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an important ENT pathology which affects about 5–12% of the general population. The treatment of CRS can be pharmacological (nasal sprays, douches, systemic antibiotics and steroids), surgical (endoscopic sinus surgery) or immunological according to established algorithms. CRS was divided for many years into CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). New ways of classifying CRS by endotypes (presence of neutrophilia, eosinophilia, fibrosis, glandular hypertrophy and epithelial dysmorphisms) appeared after the most recent understandings of the pathophysiology of the disease. Other classifications divide CRS into primary and secondary forms, localized/diffuse types and anatomical presentation. A new type of treatment has been administered in the last years, biologics. For the moment, biologics are indicated just in the cases of the patients who have undergone ESS or have contraindications for surgery and have bilateral polyps and meet a minimum of three of the following criteria: the necessity for systemic therapies with oral or parenteral corticosteroids or contraindications to systemic steroids, significant loss of smell or impaired QoL score, comorbid asthma and type 2 inflammation. This article aims to present the most relevant studies which used the three types of biologics (anti-IgE, anti-IL5 and anti-IL4/IL3) and wishes to increase the awareness of this new type of treatment that can be used in some CRS cases. Full article
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