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Special Issue "Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation in Allergy and Immune Diseases, Immunodeficiencies"

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A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 7069

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kinga Lis

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Guest Editor

Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Ujejskiego 75, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: food additive; immunology; alergology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska

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Guest Editor

Department of Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Internal Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: shrimp allergy; alfa-gal; anaphylaxis; wheat dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis; cross-allergy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Allergies and other immunity disorders are a current and deepening problem of the modern world, closely related to the progress of civilization. Although many mechanisms mediating allergic reactions have already been clearly explained, there are still many unclear mechanisms of these reactions. Also, the relationship between allergens from different sources often remains a surprising mystery. Immunodeficiency and immune disorders are also a serious health problem in the modern world. The coexistence of various disorders of the immune system (such as allergies and immunodeficiencies) often entails diagnostic difficulties. Many times we face the problem that our diagnostic tools are insufficient. This entails the construction of new experimental laboratory methods to study the relationship between different allergens and the mechanisms of allergies and other immunologically mediated diseases. In this special issue, we want to focus on the mechanisms of allergic reactions, especially those atypical and accompanying immune disorders. We will try to present significant problems and difficulties related to the diagnosis of allergies, especially in unusual cases. We also want to present the possibilities of using experimental methods and laboratory protocols to study the mechanisms of allergy and cross-reactivity.

Potential topics will include:

Mechanisms of allergic reactions
Co-factors of allergic reactions
Unusual allergic reactions
Allergies in immunodeficiency
Cross-reactive allergens
Experimental laboratory methods in allergology
in vitro allergy diagnosis
Biochemical properties of allergens
New potential allergens

Dr. Kinga Lis
Dr. Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

allergy and hypersensitivity mechanisms
cross-reactivity in allergy
component resolved diagnostic (CRD)
immunodeficiencies
experimental research methods in allergology
biochemical properties of allergens

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 4023 KiB

Open AccessArticle

MAP3K19 Affects TWEAK-Induced Response in Cultured Bronchial Epithelial Cells and Regulates Allergic Airway Inflammation in an Asthma Murine Model

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Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(11), 8907-8924; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45110559 - 08 Nov 2023

Viewed by 416

Abstract

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is involved in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and asthma; however, the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 19 (MAP3K19) remains uncertain. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of MAP3K19 in in vitro EMT and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma murine models. The involvement of MAP3K19 in the EMT and the production of cytokines and chemokines were analyzed using a cultured bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B, in which MAP3K19 was knocked down using small interfering RNA. We also evaluated the involvement of MAP3K19 in the OVA-induced asthma murine model using Map3k19-deficient (MAP3K19^−/−) mice. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) induced the MAP3K19 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in the BEAS-2B cells. The knockdown of MAP3K19 enhanced the reduction in E-cadherin mRNA and the production of regulated upon activation normal T cell express sequence (RANTES) via stimulation with TWEAK alone or with the combination of TGF-β1 and TWEAK. Furthermore, the expression of MAP3K19 mRNA was upregulated in both the lungs and tracheas of the mice in the OVA-induced asthma murine model. The MAP3K19^−/− mice exhibited worsened eosinophilic inflammation and an increased production of RANTES in the airway epithelium compared with the wild-type mice. These findings indicate that MAP3K19 suppressed the TWEAK-stimulated airway epithelial response, including adhesion factor attenuation and RANTES production, and suppressed allergic airway inflammation in an asthma mouse model, suggesting that MAP3K19 regulates allergic airway inflammation in patients with asthma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation in Allergy and Immune Diseases, Immunodeficiencies)

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12 pages, 1535 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Allergic Inflammatory Effect of Agarum cribrosum and Its Phlorotannin Component, Trifuhalol A, against the Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Asthma Model

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Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(11), 8882-8893; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45110557 - 05 Nov 2023

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Abstract

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease involving structural changes to the respiratory system and severe immune responses mediated by allergic cytokines and pro-inflammatory mediators. Agarum cribrosum (AC) is a kind of seaweed which contains a phlorotannin, trifuhalol A. To evaluate its anti-allergic inflammatory effect against asthma, an ovalbumin inhalation-induced mouse asthma model was used. Histologic observations proved that trifuhalol A is minimizing the lung and tracheal structure changes as well as the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells against ovalbumin inhalation challenge. From the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, ovalbumin-specific IgE and Th2-specific cytokines, IL-4, -5, and -13, were reduced with trifuhalol A treatment. In addition, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α concentrations in lung homogenate were also significantly reduced via trifuhalol A treatment. Taken together, trifuhalol A, isolated from AC, was able to protect lung and airways from Th2-specific cytokine release, and IgE mediated allergic inflammation as well as the attenuation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in lung, which results in the suppression of eosinophils and the mast cells involved asthmatic pathology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation in Allergy and Immune Diseases, Immunodeficiencies)

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15 pages, 1756 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Peroxiredoxins and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Duodenal Tissue: Emerging Factors in the Pathophysiology of Pediatric Celiac Disease Patients

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Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(2), 1779-1793; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45020114 - 20 Feb 2023

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Abstract

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy. Peroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are powerful antioxidant enzymes having an important role in significant cellular pathways including cell survival, apoptosis, and inflammation. This study aimed at investigating the expression levels of all PRDX isoforms (1–6) and their possible relationships with a transcription factor, HIF-1α, in the small intestinal tissue samples of pediatric CD patients. The study groups consisted of first-diagnosed CD patients (n = 7) and non-CD patients with functional gastrointestinal tract disorders as the controls (n = 7). The PRDXs and HIF-1α expression levels were determined by using real-time PCR and Western blotting in duodenal biopsy samples. It was observed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of PRDX 5 were significantly higher in the CD patients, whereas the PRDX 1, -2, and -4 expressions were decreased in each case compared to the control group. No significant differences were detected in the PRDX 3 and PRDX 6 expressions. The expression of HIF-1α was also significantly elevated in CD patients. These findings indicate, for the first time, that PRDXs, particularly PRDX 5, may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of CD. Furthermore, our results suggest that HIF-1α may upregulate PRDX-5 transcription in the duodenal tissue of CD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation in Allergy and Immune Diseases, Immunodeficiencies)

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15 pages, 1015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Two-Sided Experimental Model of ImmunoCAP Inhibition Test as a Useful Tool for the Examination of Allergens Cross-Reactivity on the Example of α-Gal and Mammalian Meat Sensitization—A Preliminary Study

Kinga Lis

Natalia Ukleja-Sokołowska

and

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(2), 1168-1182; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45020077 - 01 Feb 2023

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Abstract

Cross-reactivity of allergens is the cause of various, sometimes unexpected, clinical reactions. There are no standard methods to investigate cross-reactivity. We present an experimental model of a two-sided inhibition test (IT) on ImmunoCAP membranes (CAP). We constructed the described model based on the known cross-allergy syndrome to red meat developing in people bitten by ticks (α-Gal syndrome; AGS). Some individuals who are bitten by ticks develop IgE antibodies specific to the carbohydrate determinant, galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal), present in the tick’s saliva. These antibodies can cross-react with α-Gal molecules expressed on mammalian meat proteins. The well-known property of anti-α-Gal IgE antibodies binding by various sources of this allergen was used by us in the proposed model of the two-sided inhibition test on ImmunoCAP membranes. We expected that anti-α-Gal IgE antibodies bind allergens from mammalian meat and blocking them abolishes this reactivity, and the two-sided inhibition test model we proposed on ImmunoCAP membranes allowed us to observe such a relationship. We conducted the experiment three times on biological material from people with different clinical manifestations of allergy to α-Gal, each time obtaining similar results. In conclusion, the model of bilateral inhibition on ImmunoCAP membranes proposed by us seems to be an attractive, simple tool for direct testing of allergic cross-reactivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation in Allergy and Immune Diseases, Immunodeficiencies)

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Review

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22 pages, 1206 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Role of Genetic Risk Factors in Pathogenesis of Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(7), 5981-6002; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45070378 - 17 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1201

Abstract

The pathogenesis of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE) is complex and not fully understood. It involves three key factors: genetic risk factors, epigenetic mechanisms, and environmental triggers. Genetic factors play a significant role in the development of the disease, particularly in younger individuals. While cSLE has traditionally been considered a polygenic disease, it is now recognized that in rare cases, a single gene mutation can lead to the disease. Although these cases are uncommon, they provide valuable insights into the disease mechanism, enhance our understanding of pathogenesis and immune tolerance, and facilitate the development of targeted treatment strategies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of both monogenic and polygenic SLE, emphasizing the implications of specific genes in disease pathogenesis. By conducting a thorough analysis of the genetic factors involved in SLE, we can improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the disease. Furthermore, this knowledge may contribute to the identification of effective biomarkers and the selection of appropriate therapies for individuals with SLE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation in Allergy and Immune Diseases, Immunodeficiencies)

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13 pages, 2343 KiB

Open AccessReview

Selected Technical Aspects of Molecular Allergy Diagnostics

Kinga Lis

and

Zbigniew Bartuzi

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023, 45(7), 5481-5493; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45070347 - 29 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1360

Abstract

Diagnosis of allergic diseases is a complex, multi-stage process. It often requires the use of various diagnostic tools. The in vitro diagnostics (IVD), which includes various laboratory tests, is one of the stages of this process. Standard laboratory tests include the measurement of the serum concentration of specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) for selected allergens, full allergen extracts and/or single allergen components (molecules). The measurement of IgE sIgE to the allergen components is called molecular allergy diagnosis. During the standard laboratory diagnostic process, various models of immunochemical tests are used, which enable the measurement of sIgE for single allergens (one-parameter tests, singleplex) or IgE specific for many different allergens (multi-parameter tests, multiplex) in one test. Currently, there are many different test kits available, validated for IVD, which differ in the method type and allergen profile. The aim of the manuscript is to present various technical aspects related to modern allergy diagnostics, especially in the area of molecular allergy diagnostics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation in Allergy and Immune Diseases, Immunodeficiencies)

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Special Issue "Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation in Allergy and Immune Diseases, Immunodeficiencies"

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