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Life
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Multi-disciplinary Approaches against Female Diseases
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Multi-disciplinary Approaches against Female Diseases

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 7105

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hyung Soo Han

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Clinical Omics Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
Interests: biology; informatics; artificial intelligence; diagnosis; therapeutics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Along with advances in science, there have been great improvements in medical research both in clinic and basic science. However, there are still many unsolved problems in the war against disease. The incidence of female cancers, including uterine, endometrial, ovarian, breast and other cancers, is over 4 million per year globally. Even though cervical cancer incidence is continuously decreasing due to the HPV vaccination, the characteristics of cervical cancer after HPV vaccination are changing. Infectious diseases in females are a serious cause of morbidity of women and are deeply related with the health conditions of children as well. This Special Issue is intended to provide updates in female diseases, mainly focused on cancers. By incorporating diverse approaches based on cutting edge science and technologies in addition to traditional medical research tools, I wish to provide an insight into this field. Recently, artificial intelligence become a trending topic in biomedical science and study based on big data analysis, which is providing a brand new concept. During the war against COVID-19, the innovation in the biomedical industry and scientific research became dramatic, and many clinicians and researchers have had to adapt to new trends and move away from the traditional ways. I wish to invite researchers who are eager to fight against female diseases using diverse tools and ideas. I hope many authors can contribute to the advance in biomedical study by joining this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Hyung Soo Han
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • female cancers
  • female related diseases
  • clinical approach
  • basic scientific approach
  • interdisciplinary approach
  • diagnosis
  • therapy
  • prevention

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 791 KiB  
Article
Improving Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Score Prediction in Breast Cancer with Self-Supervised Learning
by Sijin Kim, Kazi Rakib Hasan, Yu Ando, Seokhwan Ko, Donghyeon Lee, Nora Jee-Young Park and Junghwan Cho
Life 2024, 14(1), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14010090 - 05 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1102
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in immuno-oncology, which investigates the intricate interactions between tumors and the human immune system. Specifically, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are crucial biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of breast cancer patients and have the potential to refine immunotherapy [...] Read more.
Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in immuno-oncology, which investigates the intricate interactions between tumors and the human immune system. Specifically, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are crucial biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of breast cancer patients and have the potential to refine immunotherapy precision and accurately identify tumor cells in specific cancer types. In this study, we conducted tissue segmentation and lymphocyte detection tasks to predict TIL scores by employing self-supervised learning (SSL) model-based approaches capable of addressing limited labeling data issues. Our experiments showed a 1.9% improvement in tissue segmentation and a 2% improvement in lymphocyte detection over the ImageNet pre-training model. Using these SSL-based models, we achieved a TIL score of 0.718 with a 4.4% improvement. In particular, when trained with only 10% of the entire dataset, the SwAV pre-trained model exhibited a superior performance over other models. Our work highlights improved tissue segmentation and lymphocyte detection using the SSL model with less labeled data for TIL score prediction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-disciplinary Approaches against Female Diseases)
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16 pages, 4017 KiB  
Article
Profiling of Lymphovascular Space Invasion in Cervical Cancer Revealed PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway Overactivation and Heterogenic Tumor-Immune Microenvironments
by Yeseul Choi, Yu Ando, Donghyeon Lee, Na Young Kim, Olive E. M. Lee, Junghwan Cho, Incheol Seo, Gun Oh Chong and Nora Jee-Young Park
Life 2023, 13(12), 2342; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13122342 - 14 Dec 2023
Viewed by 830
Abstract
Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is the presence of tumor emboli in the endothelial-lined space at the tumor body’s invasive edge. LVSI is one of three Sedlis criteria components—a prognostic tool for early cervical cancer (CC)—essential for indicating poor prognosis, such as lymph node [...] Read more.
Lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is the presence of tumor emboli in the endothelial-lined space at the tumor body’s invasive edge. LVSI is one of three Sedlis criteria components—a prognostic tool for early cervical cancer (CC)—essential for indicating poor prognosis, such as lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, or shorter survival rate. Despite its clinical significance, an in-depth comprehension of the molecular mechanisms or immune dynamics underlying LVSI in CC remains elusive. Therefore, this study investigated tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) dynamics of the LVSI-positive group in CC. RNA sequencing included formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) slides from 21 CC patients, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. Functional analysis and immune deconvolution revealed aberrantly enriched PI3K/Akt pathway activation and a heterogenic immune composition with a low abundance of regulatory T cells (Treg) between LVSI-positive and LVSI-absent groups. These findings improve the comprehension of LSVI TIME and immune mechanisms, benefiting targeted LVSI therapy for CC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-disciplinary Approaches against Female Diseases)
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18 pages, 6606 KiB  
Article
Maternal and Newborn Characteristics—A Comparison between Healthy and Thrombophilic Pregnancy
by Miruna Samfireag, Ovidiu Potre, Cristina Potre, Radu-Dumitru Moleriu, Izabella Petre, Ema Borsi, Teodora Hoinoiu, Ion Petre, Tudor-Alexandru Popoiu, Stela Iurciuc and Andrei Anghel
Life 2023, 13(10), 2082; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13102082 - 19 Oct 2023
Viewed by 908
Abstract
A thrombophilic woman is more likely to experience difficulties during pregnancy, difficulties that will also affect the development of the newborn. This study aims to compare maternal and newborn characteristics between healthy and thrombophilic pregnancy. The following characteristics were analysed: maternal characteristics (BMI- [...] Read more.
A thrombophilic woman is more likely to experience difficulties during pregnancy, difficulties that will also affect the development of the newborn. This study aims to compare maternal and newborn characteristics between healthy and thrombophilic pregnancy. The following characteristics were analysed: maternal characteristics (BMI- body mass index, haemostasis parameters, thrombophilia-specific treatment) and newborn characteristics (gestational period, birth weight, the Apgar score). This follow-up study spanning five years, from 2018 to 2022, focuses on a cohort of 500 women who underwent delivery hospitalization in the western region of Romania. The maternal characteristics influence the newborn: the greater the weight of the mother with thrombophilia, the more the chances that the fetus will have a lower birth weight; increasing the dose of LMWH (low molecular weight heparin), connected with the necessity to control the homeostasis parameters, the more likely the fetus will be born with a lower birth weight. A pregnant woman with thrombophilia, treated appropriately, having a normal weight, and not presenting other risk factors independent of thrombophilia, will have a newborn with characteristics similar to a healthy pregnant woman. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-disciplinary Approaches against Female Diseases)
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15 pages, 1803 KiB  
Article
EULAR Sjogren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) and Other Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Assessment of Glandular Dysfunction in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
by Hirut Yadeta Ture, Na Ri Kim and Eon Jeong Nam
Life 2023, 13(10), 1991; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13101991 - 29 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1146
Abstract
The EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), EULAR Sjogren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI), and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs), such as the visual analog scale (VAS) for symptoms and EULAR sicca score (ESS), are used to assess the disease activity of primary [...] Read more.
The EULAR Sjögren’s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), EULAR Sjogren’s Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI), and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs), such as the visual analog scale (VAS) for symptoms and EULAR sicca score (ESS), are used to assess the disease activity of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS). Recently, Clinical ESSDAI (ClinESSDAI) and Clinical Trials ESSDAI (ClinTrialsESSDAI) were developed for objective clinical disease activity indexes. However, the relationship of ClinESSDAI and ClinTrialsESSDAI with PROs as well as that between ESSPRI and other PROs and the objective parameters of glandular function in pSS have not been established. Herein, we investigated the correlation of ESSPRI and other PROs with the objective parameters of glandular function and the relationship of PROs with ClinESSDAI and ClinTrialsESSDAI in 66 patients with pSS. Correlations were calculated with Spearman’s correlation coefficient. ClinTrialsESSDAI was correlated with ESSPRI, dryness (ESSPRI-Dryness), fatigue, and pain domains of ESSPRI, VAS for oral dryness (oral-VAS), and patient’s global assessment. Although ESSPRI did not correlate with the objective parameters of glandular function, ESSPRI-Dryness, ESS, and oral- and ocular-VAS did. These results suggest that ESSPRI-Dryness, ESS, and VAS for symptoms, but not ESSPRI, reflect the glandular dysfunction and that ClinTrialsESSDAI correlates with PROs for dryness in pSS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-disciplinary Approaches against Female Diseases)
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Review

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9 pages, 570 KiB  
Review
Endometriosis in Menopausal Women—A New Age Is Coming? Literature Review
by Mihai-Daniel Dinu, Bashar Haj Hamoud, Mihaela Amza, Gabriel-Petre Gorecki, Romina-Marina Sima, Nicolae Gică and Liana Pleș
Life 2024, 14(4), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040485 - 09 Apr 2024
Viewed by 437
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue, that leads to dysmenorrhea, painful intercourse and infertility. The shift in paradigm from the previous belief that endometriosis exclusively impacts women of reproductive age has brought attention to the [...] Read more.
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue, that leads to dysmenorrhea, painful intercourse and infertility. The shift in paradigm from the previous belief that endometriosis exclusively impacts women of reproductive age has brought attention to the condition in both premenarchal and postmenopausal women. Currently, 2–4% of postmenopausal women have endometriosis. Many women experience menopausal symptoms during the peri- and postmenopausal periods and require extensive investigations and monitoring in order to avoid the recurrence of endometriosis symptoms or the risk of malignant transformation when treatment with menopausal hormones is elected. Our goal was to compile and present a clear and concise overview of the existing literature on postmenopausal endometriosis, offering an up-to-date and precise summary of the available information. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-disciplinary Approaches against Female Diseases)
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15 pages, 1442 KiB  
Review
Role of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Cervical Cancer: Integrating Classical Perspectives with Recent Technological Advances
by Yeseul Choi, Donghyeon Lee, Na Young Kim, Incheol Seo, Nora Jee-Young Park and Gun Oh Chong
Life 2024, 14(4), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040443 - 27 Mar 2024
Viewed by 696
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in the tumor microenvironment, influencing cancer progression and contributing to poor prognosis. However, in cervical cancer (CC), their significance and involvement are relatively less studied than in other gynecological cancers such as ovarian and endometrial cancer. [...] Read more.
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in the tumor microenvironment, influencing cancer progression and contributing to poor prognosis. However, in cervical cancer (CC), their significance and involvement are relatively less studied than in other gynecological cancers such as ovarian and endometrial cancer. This review aims to provide an overview of TAMs, covering their origins and phenotypes and their impact on CC progression, along with major TAM-targeted therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, we advocate for the integration of cutting-edge research methodologies, such as single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial RNA sequencing, to enable in-depth and comprehensive investigations into TAMs in CC, which would be beneficial in leading to more personalized and effective immunotherapy strategies for patients with CC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-disciplinary Approaches against Female Diseases)
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14 pages, 1219 KiB  
Review
Immunotherapy in Cervical and Endometrial Cancer: Current Landscape and Future Directions
by Dimitrios Stefanoudakis, Evaggelia Karopoulou, Alkis Matsas, Georgia Anna Katsampoula, Ermioni Tsarna, Eleni Stamoula and Panagiotis Christopoulos
Life 2024, 14(3), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030344 - 06 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1352
Abstract
Gynecological cancers pose a significant burden on women’s health worldwide, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy, harnessing the body’s immune system to combat cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future [...] Read more.
Gynecological cancers pose a significant burden on women’s health worldwide, necessitating innovative treatment approaches. Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy, harnessing the body’s immune system to combat cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape and future directions of immunotherapy in cervical and endometrial cancer. Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies and clinical trials. The main methods and treatments employed in immunotherapy for cervical and endometrial cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapies, are briefly described. Results: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, have shown remarkable clinical efficacy in certain gynecological malignancies, particularly in advanced or recurrent cases. Additionally, ongoing research on cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies holds promise for personalized and targeted treatment options. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-disciplinary Approaches against Female Diseases)
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