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Effects of COVID-19 on Humans: A Study of Sequelae
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Effects of COVID-19 on Humans: A Study of Sequelae

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanisms of Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 March 2023) | Viewed by 9167

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tihamer Molnar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Medical School, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
Interests: biomarkers; stroke; antiplatelet therapy; personalized medicine
Prof. Dr. Zsolt Illes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital (OUH), Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), 5230 Odense, Denmark
Interests: multiple sclerosis; neuromyelitis optica spectrum; demyelinating diseases; CNS inflammation
Dr. Peter Csecsei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pecs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
Interests: ischemic stroke; subarachnoid hemorrhage; vasospasm; thrombectomy; post-covid; long covid
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,  

The challenges that we have faced so far during the COVID-19 pandemic have been unprecedented. The integration of translational and clinical research using cutting-edge laboratory techniques to study patient samples and quickly pivot laboratory discoveries into new therapies for our patients has been key to meeting these challenges. All COVID-19 and post-COVID-19-related research are critical to reaching our ultimate goal of designing new diagnostic tests, understanding the underlying mechanisms of disease processes, and establishing, improving, and advancing therapies. These discoveries help us understand, using an individual approach, patients suffering from long-COVID symptoms, identify their risk factors, and establish specific measures that improve health and performance. This Special Issue of the Journal of Personalized Medicine aims to highlight the current state of the science and showcase some of the latest findings in the field of the sequelae of COVID-19. Therefore, all studies using basic science, clinical and population-based approaches are welcomed. The scientific advances in the field of long-COVID will continue to pave the path towards personalized care for optimal health and wellness. 

Tihamer Molnar, Prof. Zsolt Illes, and Peter Csecsei as Guest Editors

Dr. Tihamer Molnar
Prof. Dr. Zsolt Illes
Dr. Peter Csecsei
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome
  • coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
  • personalized medicine
  • biomarkers
  • metabolomics
  • proteomics
  • novel testing
  • research
  • rehabilitation

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2266 KiB  
Article
Persistent Symptoms and IFN-γ-Mediated Pathways after COVID-19
by Talia Piater, Mario Gietl, Stefanie Hofer, Johanna M. Gostner, Sabina Sahanic, Ivan Tancevski, Thomas Sonnweber, Alex Pizzini, Alexander Egger, Harald Schennach, Judith Loeffler-Ragg, Guenter Weiss and Katharina Kurz
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(7), 1055; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13071055 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1161
Abstract
After COVID-19, patients have reported various complaints such as fatigue, neurological symptoms, and insomnia. Immune-mediated changes in amino acid metabolism might contribute to the development of these symptoms. Patients who had had acute, PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection about 60 days earlier were recruited within [...] Read more.
After COVID-19, patients have reported various complaints such as fatigue, neurological symptoms, and insomnia. Immune-mediated changes in amino acid metabolism might contribute to the development of these symptoms. Patients who had had acute, PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection about 60 days earlier were recruited within the scope of the prospective CovILD study. We determined the inflammatory parameters and alterations in tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolism in 142 patients cross-sectionally. Symptom persistence (pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, anosmia, sleep disturbance, and neurological symptoms) and patients’ physical levels of functioning were recorded. Symptoms improved in many patients after acute COVID-19 (n = 73, 51.4%). Still, a high percentage of patients had complaints, and women were affected more often. In many patients, ongoing immune activation (as indicated by high neopterin and CRP concentrations) and enhanced tryptophan catabolism were found. A higher phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio (Phe/Tyr) was found in women with a lower level of functioning. Patients who reported improvements in pain had lower Phe/Tyr ratios, while patients with improved gastrointestinal symptoms presented with higher tryptophan and kynurenine values. Our results suggest that women have persistent symptoms after COVID-19 more often than men. In addition, the physical level of functioning and the improvements in certain symptoms appear to be associated with immune-mediated changes in amino acid metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of COVID-19 on Humans: A Study of Sequelae)
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18 pages, 2459 KiB  
Article
Transcultural Comparison of Mental Health and Work–Life Integration Blurring in the Brazilian and Spanish Populations during COVID-19
by Juanita Hincapié Pinzón, Andressa Melina Becker da Silva, Wagner de Lara Machado, Carmen Moret-Tatay and Manoela Ziebell de Oliveira
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(6), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13060955 - 05 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1016
Abstract
The study aimed to compare the impact of Role Blurring on mental health and Work-Life Integration in the Brazilian and Spanish populations during COVID-19. Role Blurring, which is related to resources and demands in the work context, affects coping with stressors arising from [...] Read more.
The study aimed to compare the impact of Role Blurring on mental health and Work-Life Integration in the Brazilian and Spanish populations during COVID-19. Role Blurring, which is related to resources and demands in the work context, affects coping with stressors arising from role overlapping and impacts individuals’ perception of work overload and mental health. The sample consisted of 877 adults from Spain (n = 498) and Brazil (n = 372), and various statistical analyses were conducted to compare the groups. Results showed that Role Blurring is linked to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as suicidal ideation. Therefore, it is essential to promote working conditions that limit expectations on availability and favor disconnection from work during leisure time. Public policies that intervene, promote, and prevent psychosocial risk factors in emergent contexts are crucial to prevent suicidal ideation and attempts. Considering the high expected influence of Blurring as a focus of interventions can be reflected in the medium term in the indicators of well-being and satisfaction of companies, institutions and organizations. This can result in the reduction of health costs aimed at cushioning post-COVID-19 impacts on mental health. The study is relevant to understand the impact of the pandemic and technology on mental health and suggests the need for interventions to promote work-life balance and prevent psychosocial risks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of COVID-19 on Humans: A Study of Sequelae)
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11 pages, 286 KiB  
Article
Cystatin-c May Indicate Subclinical Renal Involvement, While Orosomucoid Is Associated with Fatigue in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome
by Laszlo Zavori, Tihamer Molnar, Reka Varnai, Andrea Kanizsai, Lajos Nagy, Bence Vadkerti, Balazs Szirmay, Attila Schwarcz and Peter Csecsei
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(2), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020371 - 19 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1682
Abstract
Long-COVID syndrome is associated with high healthcare costs, but its pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Inflammation, renal impairment or disturbance of the NO system emerge as potential pathogenetic factors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between symptoms of long-COVID syndrome and serum [...] Read more.
Long-COVID syndrome is associated with high healthcare costs, but its pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Inflammation, renal impairment or disturbance of the NO system emerge as potential pathogenetic factors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between symptoms of long-COVID syndrome and serum levels of cystatin-c (CYSC), orosomucoid (ORM), l-arginine, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). A total of 114 patients suffering from long-COVID syndrome were included in this observational cohort study. We found that serum CYSC was independently associated with the anti-spike immunoglobulin (S-Ig) serum level (OR: 5.377, 95% CI: 1.822–12.361; p = 0.02), while serum ORM (OR: 9.670 (95% CI: 1.34–9.93; p = 0.025) independently predicted fatigue in patients with long-COVID syndrome, both measured at baseline visit. Additionally, the serum CYSC concentrations measured at the baseline visit showed a positive correlation with the serum SDMA levels. The severity of abdominal and muscle pain indicated by patients at the baseline visit showed a negative correlation with the serum level of L-arginine. In summary, serum CYSC may indicate subclinical renal impairment, while serum ORM is associated with fatigue in long-COVID syndrome. The potential role of l-arginine in alleviating pain requires further studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of COVID-19 on Humans: A Study of Sequelae)
11 pages, 633 KiB  
Article
Host Genetic Variants Linked to COVID-19 Neurological Complications and Susceptibility in Young Adults—A Preliminary Analysis
by Anastasiya Kazantseva, Renata Enikeeva, Zalina Takhirova, Yuliya Davydova, Rustam Mustafin, Sergey Malykh, Alexandra Karunas, Alexander Kanapin and Elza Khusnutdinova
J. Pers. Med. 2023, 13(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13010123 - 06 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2201
Abstract
To date, multiple efforts have been made to use genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to untangle the genetic basis for SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and severe COVID-19. However, data on the genetic-related effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the presence of accompanying and long-term post-COVID-19 neurological [...] Read more.
To date, multiple efforts have been made to use genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to untangle the genetic basis for SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and severe COVID-19. However, data on the genetic-related effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the presence of accompanying and long-term post-COVID-19 neurological symptoms in younger individuals remain absent. We aimed to examine the possible association between SNPs found in a GWAS of COVID-19 outcomes and three phenotypes: SARS-CoV-2 infection, neurological complications during disease progression, and long-term neurological complications in young adults with a mild-to-moderate disease course. University students (N = 336, age 18–25 years, European ancestry) with or without COVID-19 and neurological symptoms in anamnesis comprised the study sample. Logistic regression was performed with COVID-19-related phenotypes as outcomes, and the top 25 SNPs from GWAS meta-analyses and an MR study linking COVID-19 and cognitive deficits were found. We replicated previously reported associations of the FURIN and SLC6A20 gene variants (OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.31–4.24) and OR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.08–3.49, respectively) and remaining neurological complications (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.10–4.35 for SLC6A20), while NR1H2 (OR = 2.99, 95% CI 1.39–6.69) and TMPRSS2 (OR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.19–3.50) SNPs were associated with neurological symptoms accompanying COVID-19. Our findings indicate that genetic variants related to a severe COVID-19 course in adults may contribute to the occurrence of neurological repercussions in individuals at a young age. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of COVID-19 on Humans: A Study of Sequelae)
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9 pages, 495 KiB  
Article
Depression, Stress, and Suicide in Korean Adults before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Data from the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey
by So Young Kim, Dae Myoung Yoo, Mi Jung Kwon, Ji Hee Kim, Joo-Hee Kim, Jee Hye Wee and Hyo Geun Choi
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(8), 1305; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081305 - 11 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2539
Abstract
This study investigated changes in the prevalence of depression, stress, and suicidal attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ≥19-year-old population in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2019 and 2020 was included. The histories of depression, stress, and suicidal attempts [...] Read more.
This study investigated changes in the prevalence of depression, stress, and suicidal attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The ≥19-year-old population in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2019 and 2020 was included. The histories of depression, stress, and suicidal attempts were compared between the 2019 and 2020 cohorts using multiple logistic regression analysis with complex sampling. The prevalence of depression was not significantly different between the 2019 and 2020 groups (4.1% vs. 4.5%, p = 0.326). The prevalence of stress and suicide attempts was also not significantly different between groups (all p > 0.05). The rates of depression, stress, and suicide attempts were not associated with the 2020 group compared to the 2019 group (all p > 0.05). The 19- to 39-year-old group in the 2020 group indicated a higher rate of depression (diagnosed by physicians) than the 19- to 39-year-old group in the 2019 group (adjusted odds ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence intervals = 1.00–2.50, p = 0.049). The risks of depression, stress, and suicidal attempts were not related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Korean adults. A young adult population demonstrated an increased risk of depression associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of COVID-19 on Humans: A Study of Sequelae)
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