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Mycotoxins in Food: Biosynthesis, Detection, and Control
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Mycotoxins in Food: Biosynthesis, Detection, and Control

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 5788

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sung-Yong Hong

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Food and Nutrition/Department of Functional Food, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
Interests: strategies for the biological control of mycotoxins in food and feed; monitoring and determining levels of mycotoxins in food and feed; identification of mycotoxin synthetic pathways; mechanisms of the regulation of gene expression in mycotoxin gene clusters
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ae-Son Om

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food and Nutrition/Department of Functional Food, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
Interests: Strategies to control chemical and biological toxins in food and feed; determination of levels of chemical and biological toxins in food and feed; mechanisms of toxicity of chemical and biological toxins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mycotoxins are biologically active secondary metabolites produced by fungi. Mycotoxigenic fungi can grow on foods such as fruits and agricultural crops (including grains), and produce mycotoxins under warm and humid conditions. The mycotoxin contamination of food causes economic losses and serious health problems for humans worldwide. Moreover, as mycotoxins are chemically stable, they are not degraded during food processing. Therefore, the presence of mycotoxins in food is a major issue in food safety. Thus, great efforts have been made on research for developing new strategies to minimize the mycotoxin contamination of food. The aim of this Special Issue entitled ‘Mycotoxins in Food: Biosynthesis, Detection, and Control’ is to gather recent advances in mycotoxin research with emphasis on the biosynthetic pathways of mycotoxins produced by fungi in food, the detection and determination of levels of the major mycotoxins in food, and effective control strategies to reduce mycotoxin contamination in food. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to:

  • Genetics and biology of mycotoxin production by fungi;
  • Biosynthetic pathways of mycotoxins produced by fungi in food and their regulation;
  • Occurrence and determination of the major mycotoxins in food;
  • Effective control strategies to eliminate or reduce mycotoxin contamination in food.

Prof. Dr. Sung-Yong Hong
Prof. Dr. Ae-Son Om
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Fungi is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mycotoxins
  • biosynthesis
  • determination
  • detection
  • detoxification
  • reduction
  • degradation
  • physical binding
  • fungi
  • food

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3762 KiB  
Article
Vacuole Proteins with Optimized Microtubule Assembly Is Required for Fum1 Protein Localization and Fumonisin Biosynthesis in Mycotoxigenic Fungus Fusarium verticillioides
by Huijuan Yan, Zehua Zhou, Huan Zhang and Won Bo Shim
J. Fungi 2023, 9(2), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9020268 - 16 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1299
Abstract
Fumonisin contamination of corn caused by Fusarium verticillioides is a major concern worldwide. While key genes involved in fumonisin biosynthesis are known, the location within the fungal cell where this process occurs has yet to be fully characterized. In this study, three key [...] Read more.
Fumonisin contamination of corn caused by Fusarium verticillioides is a major concern worldwide. While key genes involved in fumonisin biosynthesis are known, the location within the fungal cell where this process occurs has yet to be fully characterized. In this study, three key enzymes, i.e., Fum1, Fum8, and Fum6, associated with early steps of fumonisin biosynthesis pathway, were tagged with GFP, and we examined their cellular localization. Results showed that these three proteins co-localized with the vacuole. To further understand the role of the vacuole in fumonisin B1 (FB1) biosynthesis, we disrupted two predicted vacuole associated proteins, FvRab7 and FvVam7, resulting in a significant reduction of FB1 biosynthesis and a lack of Fum1-GFP fluorescence signal. Furthermore, we used the microtubule-targeting drug carbendazim to show that proper microtubule assembly is critical for proper Fum1 protein localization and FB1 biosynthesis. Additionally, we found that α1 tubulin is a negative regulator in FB1 biosynthesis. We concluded that vacuole proteins with optimized microtubule assembly play a crucial role in proper Fum1 protein localization and fumonisin production in F. verticillioides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxins in Food: Biosynthesis, Detection, and Control)
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12 pages, 3454 KiB  
Article
FaSmi1 Is Essential for the Vegetative Development, Asexual Reproduction, DON Production and Virulence of Fusarium asiaticum
by Yu Zhang, Wenchan Chen, Wenyong Shao, Shishan Tan, Dongya Shi, Hongyu Ma and Changjun Chen
J. Fungi 2022, 8(11), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8111189 - 11 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1343
Abstract
Smi1 is a protein required for cell cycle progression, morphogenesis, stress response and life span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FaSmi1 was identified as a Smi1 homolog in a wheat scab pathogenic fungus Fusarium asiaticum strain 2021. The deletion of FaSmi1 leads to defects [...] Read more.
Smi1 is a protein required for cell cycle progression, morphogenesis, stress response and life span of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FaSmi1 was identified as a Smi1 homolog in a wheat scab pathogenic fungus Fusarium asiaticum strain 2021. The deletion of FaSmi1 leads to defects in mycelial growth, asexual reproduction, and virulence. The FaSmi1 deletion mutant also exhibited increased sensitivity to osmotic stresses generated by NaCl and KCl, but increased tolerance to oxidative stresses and cell wall integrity inhibitors. All of these defects were restored by genetic complementation of the mutant with the whole parental FaSmi1 gene. Interestingly, the antioxidant system-associated genes exhibit a lower expression level and the mycotoxins’ DON content was decreased in the FaSmi1 deletion mutant compared with the parental strain 2021. These results indicate that FaSmi1 plays a critical role in the vegetative development, asexual reproduction, DON production and virulence of F. asiaticum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxins in Food: Biosynthesis, Detection, and Control)
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Review

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17 pages, 2828 KiB  
Review
Genetic Regulation of Mycotoxin Biosynthesis
by Wenjie Wang, Xinle Liang, Yudong Li, Pinmei Wang and Nancy P. Keller
J. Fungi 2023, 9(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9010021 - 22 Dec 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2398
Abstract
Mycotoxin contamination in food poses health hazards to humans. Current methods of controlling mycotoxins still have limitations and more effective approaches are needed. During the past decades of years, variable environmental factors have been tested for their influence on mycotoxin production leading to [...] Read more.
Mycotoxin contamination in food poses health hazards to humans. Current methods of controlling mycotoxins still have limitations and more effective approaches are needed. During the past decades of years, variable environmental factors have been tested for their influence on mycotoxin production leading to elucidation of a complex regulatory network involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis. These regulators are putative targets for screening molecules that could inhibit mycotoxin synthesis. Here, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of hierarchical regulators, including pathway-specific regulators, global regulators and epigenetic regulators, on the production of the most critical mycotoxins (aflatoxins, patulin, citrinin, trichothecenes and fumonisins). Future studies on regulation of mycotoxins will provide valuable knowledge for exploring novel methods to inhibit mycotoxin biosynthesis in a more efficient way. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mycotoxins in Food: Biosynthesis, Detection, and Control)
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