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Control and Stability of Ship Motions
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Control and Stability of Ship Motions

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 October 2023) | Viewed by 9769

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Young-Bok Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Smart Robot Convergence and Application Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
Interests: motion control; ship berthing system; dynamic positioning system design and application; vibration control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Nam-kyun Im

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Navigation Science, Mokpo National Maritime University, Mokpo City 58628, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
Interests: LCA; artificial neural networks; navigation; fuzzy logic; control life-cycle assessment; MATLAB simulation; advanced control theory; environment automation tracking; environmental studies; ship maneuverability; ships control theory; ship stability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue focuses on control and stability of ship motions. Recently, the autonomous and unmanned surface ship technologies have been applied to the real world, facilitating the realization of some sophisticated ideas. However, in this time, we can not see the level of land side in this Special Issue. There are many reasons, the most critical being the environmental conditions. However, in the comprehensive point of view, some considerable results have been achieved, particularly following sea trials using autonomous vessels. The next step towards improving fully autonomous technology on the sea is to occupy the sophisticated or accurate motion control by providing useful methods including high level control theory.

This Special Issue explores the dynamics analysis and control system design of marine systems, including vessel motion control for:

  • stable navigation and positioning;
  • control problems on unmanned surface and underwater vehicles;
  • propulsion system control and optimization for energy saving;
  • control and measurement systems for autonomous ship;
  • hybrid propulsion system for vessels;
  • automation technologies for offshore and onshore plants;
  • other control applications in marine systems.

Any articles from both academia and industry are welcome. This Special Issue aims to advance the field of motion control technology on marine vessels and related fields.

Prof. Dr. Young-Bok Kim
Prof. Dr. Nam-kyun Im
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • control
  • stability
  • ship motion
  • control theory
  • unmanned ocean vehicles
  • autonomous

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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25 pages, 10154 KiB  
Article
Numerical Simulations of Seaplane Ditching on Calm Water and Uniform Water Current Coupled with Wind
by Ruosi Zha, Kai Wang, Jianglong Sun, Haiwen Tu and Qi Hu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(2), 296; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12020296 - 07 Feb 2024
Viewed by 595
Abstract
In this paper, the ditching performance of a seaplane model on calm water and a uniform water current coupled with wind was numerically investigated. The overset grid technique was applied to treat the large amplitude of the body motions of the seaplane without [...] Read more.
In this paper, the ditching performance of a seaplane model on calm water and a uniform water current coupled with wind was numerically investigated. The overset grid technique was applied to treat the large amplitude of the body motions of the seaplane without leading to mesh distortion. The effects of the initial velocity and the initial pitch angle on the slamming loads and motion responses were investigated for the seaplane’s ditching on calm water. A good agreement with the experimental data on the velocity and angle was obtained. Besides ditching on calm water without the water current and wind, three more-complicated conditions were adopted, including the seaplane’s ditching on calm water with wind, a water current without wind, and a water current coupled with wind. The accelerations and impact pressures of the seaplane can be influenced by the wind or current. Water splashing and overwashing could be observed during the water entry process, with water overtopping the seaplane head or nose and flowing over the body surface. It can be concluded that the relative motion between the water and the seaplane model should be carefully controlled to avoid possible damages caused by the occurrence of overwashing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Stability of Ship Motions)
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16 pages, 4797 KiB  
Article
Proposal of Restrictions on the Departure of Korea Small Fishing Vessel according to Wave Height
by Yeonju Jeong and Namkyun Im
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(7), 1302; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071302 - 27 Jun 2023
Viewed by 876
Abstract
The Korean government imposes departure restrictions on fishing vessels of a gross tonnage of less than 15 tons under adverse weather conditions when significant wave heights exceed 3 m. However, an analysis of small fishing vessels indicates that frequent capsizing accidents occur even [...] Read more.
The Korean government imposes departure restrictions on fishing vessels of a gross tonnage of less than 15 tons under adverse weather conditions when significant wave heights exceed 3 m. However, an analysis of small fishing vessels indicates that frequent capsizing accidents occur even under the current departure restrictions of permission when significant wave heights are below 3 m. In this study, we propose new guidelines for regulating the departure of Korean small fishing vessels based on adverse weather conditions. To achieve this, we compare departure restrictions under weather deterioration for small fishing vessels in different countries worldwide with those in Korea. Additionally, by incorporating experimental research conducted in the United Kingdom on the capsizing of fishing vessels, we present a new departure restriction equation considering the ship characteristics (a narrow beam-to-length ratio) of Korean fishing vessels measuring 24 m or less. Through this analysis, we provide detailed guidelines for departure restrictions on Korean small fishing boats based on their length and wave height. To validate the proposed guidelines, we analyze fishing vessel capsizing accidents that occurred near the Korean coast over the past 23 years and demonstrate the utility of the new guidelines by applying them to past capsizing incidents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Stability of Ship Motions)
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31 pages, 26140 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Velocity Obstacle and Artificial Potential Field Methods for Collision Avoidance in Swarm Operation of Unmanned Surface Vehicles
by Hyun-Jae Jo, Su-Rim Kim, Jung-Hyeon Kim and Jong-Yong Park
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(12), 2036; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10122036 - 19 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1781
Abstract
As the research concerning unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) intensifies, research on swarm operations is also being actively conducted. A swarm operation imitates the appearance of nature, such as ants, bees, and birds, in forming swarms, moving, and attacking in the search for food. [...] Read more.
As the research concerning unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) intensifies, research on swarm operations is also being actively conducted. A swarm operation imitates the appearance of nature, such as ants, bees, and birds, in forming swarms, moving, and attacking in the search for food. However, several problems are encountered in the USV swarm operation. One of these is the problem of collisions between USVs. A conflict between agents in a swarm can lead to operational failure and property loss. This study attempted to solve this problem. In this study, a virtual matrix approach was applied as a swarm operation. Velocity obstacle (VO) and artificial potential field (APF) methods were used and compared as algorithms for collision avoidance for USVs in a swarm when the formation is changed. For effective collision avoidance, evasive maneuvers should be performed at an appropriate time and location. Therefore, a closest point of approach (CPA)-based method, which considers both temporal and spatial factors, was used. The swarm operation was verified through a large-scale simulation in which 30 USVs changed their formation seven times in 3400 s. When comparing the averages of the distance, error to waypoint, and battery usage, no significant differences were noticed between the VO and APF methods. However, when comparing the cumulative time using the minimum distance, VO was demonstrably safer than APF, and VO completed the formation faster. In conclusion, both the APF and VO methods can evidently perform swarm operations without collisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Stability of Ship Motions)
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14 pages, 3046 KiB  
Article
Development of a Portable Interface System Sharing the Positioning and Heading Information to Support a Berthing Vessel
by Kazuki Ito, Toyoharu Tsuyuzaki, Daiki Yuasa, Yongwoon Choi and Young-Bok Kim
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(11), 1637; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10111637 - 03 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1200
Abstract
The study develops a portable interface system to inform berthing operators of the position and heading in relation to the quay when berthing a large vessel equipped with distance-measuring instruments. A portable interface system is indispensable for preventing collisions and improving the efficiency [...] Read more.
The study develops a portable interface system to inform berthing operators of the position and heading in relation to the quay when berthing a large vessel equipped with distance-measuring instruments. A portable interface system is indispensable for preventing collisions and improving the efficiency of berthing operations because it allows operators to intuitively grasp the movement status of the vessel based on the distance data measured during berthing. These data can not only be converted into the current position and heading of the vessel relative to the quay, but can also be visualized to predict the movement and speed of the vessel in a few seconds. Therefore, we developed a visualization system using Rviz, a 3D model visualization tool for a robot operating system, and verified the necessity for an interface system through simulations and experiments using a model vessel. Furthermore, we extended the function of the visualization interface using a wireless network, developed a web application to display the vessel’s positioning information on multiple operators’ terminals, and verified the drawing stability at 10 Hz using the extended application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Stability of Ship Motions)
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18 pages, 7455 KiB  
Article
Development of Recovery System for Underwater Glider
by Thinh Huynh, Minh-Thien Tran, Munhaeng Lee, Young-Bok Kim, Jungwoo Lee and Jin-Ho Suh
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(10), 1448; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101448 - 07 Oct 2022
Viewed by 1613
Abstract
This study proposes a novel autonomous system that is able to retrieve an underwater glider safely and quickly. After a long-period mission, the glider is out of its energy, floats up in the middle of the sea, and needs retrieval. However, most of [...] Read more.
This study proposes a novel autonomous system that is able to retrieve an underwater glider safely and quickly. After a long-period mission, the glider is out of its energy, floats up in the middle of the sea, and needs retrieval. However, most of the recovery processes are conducted manually, which is not effective and even damages the glider or injures the worker. In this study, we propose the use of a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) in a recovery process that consists of three stages: (i) driving the ROV into the near area of the glider, (ii) automatically catching the glider using the ROV’s onboard sensors and capturing mechanisms, and (iii) retrieving the glider to the mother ship or station. Mathematical models were formulated to realize the feasibility of the system. A cascade adaptive sliding mode control-proportional integral controller is designed to cope with the thruster’s characteristics, the dynamics of the ROV and the glider, and oceanic disturbances. Finally, simulation studies were conducted in the system operation scenarios and their results validate the efficiency of the proposed process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Stability of Ship Motions)
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15 pages, 5615 KiB  
Article
Motion Control System Design for Barge-Type Surface Ships Using Tugboats
by Dong-Hun Lee, Thinh Huynh, Young-Bok Kim and Jung-Suk Park
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(10), 1413; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101413 - 03 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1569
Abstract
Barge ships are designed to transport and assemble heavy and massive pieces of equipment at sea. Active propulsion systems are not installed in this type of ship, so the desirable motion and positioning of these ships can only be achieved with the assistance [...] Read more.
Barge ships are designed to transport and assemble heavy and massive pieces of equipment at sea. Active propulsion systems are not installed in this type of ship, so the desirable motion and positioning of these ships can only be achieved with the assistance of several tugboats. In this study, the dynamical characteristics of barge conveying systems were formulated and robust control systems were designed to ensure efficient barge operation. To achieve these objectives, we first developed a mathematical model of a barge ship, which incorporated a novel conveying system configuration using tugboats. We then designed a robust controller for the tugboats that used the sliding mode law to deliver the desired barge motion performance. Finally, the usefulness of the proposed configuration and controller was verified via simulation studies using another system with an H∞ controller. The proposed sliding mode controller showed superiority, especially in terms of robustness against disturbances. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Stability of Ship Motions)
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13 pages, 3929 KiB  
Brief Report
Estimation and Control of a Towed Underwater Vehicle with Active Stationary and Low-Speed Maneuvering Capabilities
by Hyo-Gon Kim, Sung-Jo Yun, Jeong-Woo Park, Hyo-Jun Lee, Jeong-Hwan Hwang, Jong-Chan Kim, Young-Ho Choi, Jae-Kwan Ryu and Jin-Ho Suh
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(6), 1176; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11061176 - 04 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1254
Abstract
A variety of mission equipment is mounted and utilized on UUVs (unmanned underwater vehicles) for the development of marine resources and underwater searching for military purposes. For exploration of a wide area, it is advantageous to use a towed underwater platform, and for [...] Read more.
A variety of mission equipment is mounted and utilized on UUVs (unmanned underwater vehicles) for the development of marine resources and underwater searching for military purposes. For exploration of a wide area, it is advantageous to use a towed underwater platform, and for precision exploration to a specific location, to use an active mobile ROV (remotely operated vehicles). Since the TUV (towed underwater vehicle) moves according to the speed of the towing vessel, it cannot be operated if the vessel is stationary or the speed is low. Therefore, TUVs do not have equipment that is useful at low speeds, such as optical cameras or forward looking sonars. If a TUV capable of active movement such as stationary or low-speed operation is developed, it can search a wide area and then accurately search for a specific location, with one platform mounting various mission equipment. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the control model for a prototype of this novel TUV, and propose a depth and posture control algorithm to which the model is applied. The proposed TUV and control algorithm were verified by experiments under the flow rate environment in the circulating water channel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Control and Stability of Ship Motions)
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