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Numerical and Physical Model Investigation of Water Transport, Coastal and...
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Numerical and Physical Model Investigation of Water Transport, Coastal and Offshore Engineering

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Coastal Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2023) | Viewed by 10163

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Huaqing Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology, Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering, Tianjin 300456, China
Interests: water transport engineering; physical model tests; wave-structure-foundation interaction; submerged floating tunnel
Prof. Dr. Bin Teng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: ocean engineering; potential flow theory; wave-structure interaction; motion response of marine structure; hydrodynamics
Prof. Dr. Wanhai Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
Interests: dynamics and control of marine structures; wave energy conversion; vortex-induced vibration; fluid mechanics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to publish your high-quality research and developmental work in this Special Issue, “Numerical and Physical Model Investigation of Water Transport, Coastal and Offshore Engineering”. With this Special Issue, we aim to provide a platform with which researchers and practicing engineers can promote their work on water transport and coastal and offshore engineering developments, including breakwaters, harbors, channels, platforms and risers. The main themes of this issue are: (1) wave–structure interaction, (2) the motion response of marine structures and (3) flow-induced vibrations. Several subcategories will also be addressed, encompassing: the physical model test, numerical simulation, submerged floating tunnel, mooring safety simulation, navigation simulation, sediment erosion and siltation, FEED, motion response of ocean engineering, potential flow theory, viscous flow theory, N-S equation and other similar fields. This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances in the concept, application, control, optimization, physical model investigation and numerical simulation of water transport and coastal and offshore engineering.

Prof. Dr. Huaqing Zhang
Prof. Dr. Bin Teng
Prof. Dr. Wanhai Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wave–structure interaction
  • water transport engineering
  • physical model test
  • numerical simulation
  • coastal and offshore engineering
  • motion response of marine structure
  • hydrodynamics
  • flow-induced vibration
  • submerged floating tunnel

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6919 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Submerged Floating Tunnel under Freak Waves (I: Time-Domain Study)
by Wenbo Pan, Meng He and Cheng Cui
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(5), 977; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050977 - 04 May 2023
Viewed by 952
Abstract
The dynamic response characteristics of a two-dimensional submerged floating tunnel (SFT) under random and freak waves were investigated in the present study. The results demonstrate that (1) the dynamic responses of the SFT under the freak wave are significantly larger than those under [...] Read more.
The dynamic response characteristics of a two-dimensional submerged floating tunnel (SFT) under random and freak waves were investigated in the present study. The results demonstrate that (1) the dynamic responses of the SFT under the freak wave are significantly larger than those under the largest wave in the wave train excluding the freak wave, particularly for the motion response. The maximum values of the motion responses induced by the freak wave were several times larger than those induced by the largest wave in the wave train excluding the freak wave, far exceeding the proportion of the corresponding wave height. (2) The freak wave parameter α1 has a significant effect on the amplification coefficients of surge, heave and pitch; all increase nonlinearly as α1 increases. Within α1 = 1.90~2.59, the amplification coefficients of the surge, heave and pitch vary in the ranges of 1.91~6.46, 1.53~3.87 and 1.73~5.32, respectively. (3) Amplification coefficients of tension increase almost linearly as α1 increases. Additionally, the amplification effect of the freak wave on the mooring tension is much smaller than that on motion responses. Within α1 = 1.90~2.59, the amplification coefficients of tension vary from 1.15 to 1.35. (4) Generalised amplification coefficients of motion responses increase as α1 increases and are all greater than 1.0, indicating that growth rates for motion responses under the freak wave exceed the growth rates for maximum wave height. Moreover, motion responses show a significantly nonlinear growth as maximum wave height increases. The generalised amplification coefficients of the mooring tension decrease as α1 increases, and are all less than 1.0, indicating that the dynamic amplification effect of the freak wave on the mooring tension is much smaller than that on motions. On the other hand, growth rates of the mooring tension under freak waves are smaller than the linear growth rate of the height of freak waves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical and Physical Model Investigation of Water Transport, Coastal and Offshore Engineering)
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21 pages, 4497 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study of the Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Submerged Floating Tunnel under Freak Wave (II: Time-Frequency Domain Study)
by Wenbo Pan, Cheng Cui and Meng He
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(5), 971; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050971 - 02 May 2023
Viewed by 974
Abstract
A freak wave is a spike in a random wave series and hence the local characteristics in the time-domain are of key importance. When freak waves act on moored floating structures, the dynamic responses of the structures in the time and frequency domains [...] Read more.
A freak wave is a spike in a random wave series and hence the local characteristics in the time-domain are of key importance. When freak waves act on moored floating structures, the dynamic responses of the structures in the time and frequency domains change interdependently in a short period of time. It is difficult to comprehensively and accurately describe this physical process using a single-dimensional analysis method, such as time-domain statistical analysis or frequency-domain spectral analysis. The wavelet analysis method, which can simultaneously provide the time-domain and frequency-domain joint information of the physical process, is used to discuss the time-frequency joint variation characteristics of the dynamic responses of a two-dimensional submerged floating tunnel under a freak wave. The time-frequency characteristics of the dynamic responses induced by the freak wave and the differences from the action under random waves are investigated, with a particular emphasis on the ‘convex variation’ characteristics of the dynamic responses under a freak wave. The results show that: (1) The wavelet analysis method can effectively describe the basic characteristics of the dynamic responses of the SFT under a freak wave and clearly distinguish the differences in dynamic responses under freak and random waves. (2) Freak waves have dynamic amplification effects, which are related to the freak wave parameter α1, on a two-dimensional SFT. Following the action of freak waves on a two-dimensional SFT, significant energy concentration occurs in the time-frequency spectrum of the dynamic response in a certain time and frequency range. The degree of energy concentration increases nonlinearly with an increase in α1, and a certain high-frequency energy appears in the time-frequency spectrum of the motion response. The maximum values of the time-frequency spectra of the dynamic responses under a freak wave are much larger than those under a random wave with the identical wave spectrum. (3) Following the action of a freak wave on a two-dimensional SFT, the generalised energy spectra of surge, heave, pitch, and mooring tensions have convex peak values, which occur simultaneous with the occurrence of the freak wave, and the convex parts significantly increase as α1. (4) The time lengths of the influence of a freak wave on the dynamic responses exceeded the freak wave period. With an increase in α1, the time ranges of the large values of the time-frequency spectra of surge, heave, pitch, and mooring tensions increase nearly linearly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical and Physical Model Investigation of Water Transport, Coastal and Offshore Engineering)
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18 pages, 4873 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Stability and Wave Force of a Breakwater Transition under Multiangle Oblique Waves
by Guangsheng Wang, Longzai Ge, Tong Yu, Yajing Zhang and Songgui Chen
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(3), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11030631 - 16 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1391
Abstract
Based on the failure and instability of different structural transitions of offshore breakwater, this paper provides a basis for understanding the instability mechanism and also provides suggestions for engineering repair. Based on the breakwater project in the regulation of the bay of Shandong [...] Read more.
Based on the failure and instability of different structural transitions of offshore breakwater, this paper provides a basis for understanding the instability mechanism and also provides suggestions for engineering repair. Based on the breakwater project in the regulation of the bay of Shandong Province, physical model tests with a scale of 1:36 were carried out. This study revealed the wave characteristics, the force performance, and the instability mechanism in the transition. In the test, the relationships between 5°, 15°, 35°, and 75° oblique waves, the wave force, and the stable weight of the Accropode were simulated, revealing that the generation of a shock wave current is related to the wave direction angle, which results in the local wave height increasing by 2.05 times. The result that the design weight of the armour block is unstable and stable after optimization is obtained. The wave force of the caisson of the transition was concentrated in the anti-arc section of the superstructure, and the maximum horizontal force, buoyancy force, and impact pressure were 935.6 kN, 419.1 kN, and 65.9 kPa, respectively. The instability mechanism was determined as the poor connection between the accropode and the caisson, and the wave energy concentration. Compared with the calculation results of the standard formula, the correction coefficients of the overtopping volume, the wave crest elevation, the wave force, and the Accropode weight at the transition of breakwater were 1.95, 1.97, 1.60, and 4.0, respectively. The test results have solved the practical problems of the project and can also provide a reference for similar projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical and Physical Model Investigation of Water Transport, Coastal and Offshore Engineering)
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14 pages, 3911 KiB  
Article
Study on Wave Loads during Steady-State Gap Resonance with Free Heave Motion of Floating Structure
by Junliang Gao, Shukai Gong, Zhiwei He, Huabin Shi, Jun Zang, Tao Zou and Xu Bai
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(2), 448; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020448 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1371
Abstract
Fluid resonance may occur in a narrow gap between two side-by-side vessels under wave actions, which can cause significant wave height amplification inside the gap and further induce large wave loads and motion responses of the vessel. Based on an open-sourced computational fluid [...] Read more.
Fluid resonance may occur in a narrow gap between two side-by-side vessels under wave actions, which can cause significant wave height amplification inside the gap and further induce large wave loads and motion responses of the vessel. Based on an open-sourced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package, OpenFOAM, the steady-state gap resonance phenomenon formed in between two side-by-side boxes and triggered by the incident regular waves is simulated, where the upriver box keeps fixed and the downriver one heaves freely under wave actions. This article comprehensively investigates the influence of the vertical degree of freedom of the downriver box on the wave loads exerting on both boxes and further reveals how the relative position of the heaving box with respect to the incident wave direction affects the characteristics of wave loads during the steady-state gap resonance. The results show that both the normalized largest wave loads and the dimensionless wavenumber where the normalized largest wave loads occur are significantly affected by both the incident wave heights and the relative position of the heaving box to the incident wave direction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical and Physical Model Investigation of Water Transport, Coastal and Offshore Engineering)
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17 pages, 5671 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling of Solitary Wave-Induced Flow and Scour around a Square Onshore Structure
by Jinzhao Li, Xuan Kong, Yilin Yang, Jiexuan Hu and Ruijia Jin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(1), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010198 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1694
Abstract
Waves or tsunamis in the onshore area could induce severe scour at the structure foundations, threatening the stability of the structure. This paper presents a numerical study of the solitary wave-induced flow and scour around a square onshore structure. A CFD model coupled [...] Read more.
Waves or tsunamis in the onshore area could induce severe scour at the structure foundations, threatening the stability of the structure. This paper presents a numerical study of the solitary wave-induced flow and scour around a square onshore structure. A CFD model coupled with hydrodynamic and sediment transport models is first validated through a large-scale laboratory experiment, which shows that the model can well reproduce the flow and scour characteristics. Subsequently, based on the reliable numerical results, the flow field and scour development during wave inundation of the structure are explored. It is found that the development of the simulated scour depth is faster at the early stage compared to that in the experimental result. The results also show that the scour starts at the front corner of the structure, which is also the position of the maximum scour depth. The scour develops rapidly at the early stage and is almost completed in the first half of the wave period. In addition, the results demonstrate that bed scouring increases the wave force on the structure due to the increase in the flow velocity near the bed, which needs to be considered, especially in the shallow-water scour scenario. Finally, a simplified prediction equation is proposed for the temporal development of the scour depth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical and Physical Model Investigation of Water Transport, Coastal and Offshore Engineering)
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13 pages, 4002 KiB  
Article
Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Interactions between the Weakly Three-Dimensional Waves
by Dianyong Liu, Chen Liang and Xiao Liang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11010115 - 05 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 993
Abstract
The results of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were performed to investigate the interactions between the weakly three-dimensional waves in an ‘X’ configuration, which has a 16-degree approaching angle. In addition, another oblique two-dimensional experiment was also conducted for comparison with the ‘X’ [...] Read more.
The results of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were performed to investigate the interactions between the weakly three-dimensional waves in an ‘X’ configuration, which has a 16-degree approaching angle. In addition, another oblique two-dimensional experiment was also conducted for comparison with the ‘X’ configuration but in one single channel by removing a dummy wall in the interaction region. Our experimental results show that as the wave trains propagate into the interaction region, it is obvious that there is an increase in the wave height which reaches a maximum height of about 1.37H0 for different initial wave steepness at the center of the interaction region, and then decreases thereafter, where H0 is the input wave height. Then wave elevations at different positions downstream of the interaction region were also studied, indicating that the frequency and initial wave steepness were highly correlated with the wave-wave interaction between the weakly three-dimensional waves. For the wave with low frequency (f = 0.8 Hz), a crescent wave surface formed at the beginning of the interaction and then separated into two two-dimensional waves after the interaction, which illustrates that the waves can still keep their initial characteristic and propagate as their initial directions downstream of the interaction region. While the frequency increased (f = 1.2 Hz), three-dimensional effects appeared to dominate the interaction of weakly three-dimensional waves, especially for the large initial steepness, and the wave surfaces were also three-dimensional after interactions. Finally, numerical simulations with larger approaching angles were conducted to further understand the influence of propagation direction on the interactions between the weakly three-dimensional waves. The results suggest that intense interactions and strong three-dimensional characteristics of the wave trains downstream interactions can result from larger approaching angles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical and Physical Model Investigation of Water Transport, Coastal and Offshore Engineering)
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15 pages, 4437 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Wave Current Characteristics and Stability of the Junction of Artificial Island and Subsea Tunnel
by Longzai Ge, Hanbao Chen, Songgui Chen and Haiyuan Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10(10), 1525; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101525 - 18 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1089
Abstract
In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the submerged tunnel covering layer at the junction of an artificial island and tunnel under extremely bad conditions, the wave current characteristics and the stability of the protective structure in the variable slope section [...] Read more.
In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the submerged tunnel covering layer at the junction of an artificial island and tunnel under extremely bad conditions, the wave current characteristics and the stability of the protective structure in the variable slope section were studied. By conducting model tests, the coupling effect of wave and current is revealed in this study. The hydrodynamic field, including the varying angles between waves and currents, is simulated in the model test. The ratio (Hs′/Hs) of the wave height and the ratio (U′/U) of the velocity with and without the existence of a current, the relative velocity (U/C), the wave steepness (Hs/L), the relative water depth (d/L) and the angle (α) between wave and current are obtained, and the corresponding calculation expression is derived, by checking the test results, the empirical formula can better predict the changes of wave height and water flow after wave current coupling. The stable weight of the surface protection rock is obtained through an optimization test. Based on the relationship between the stable weight of the protection rock and the wave height under the wave–current coupling effect, a modified expression for calculating the stable weight of the armor block is derived. The modified calculation method can support estimating the stable weight of the armor rocks of an overburden structure of a similar immersed tunnel under the wave–current coupling effect. This study can not only solve the practical problems of major projects of the Shenzhen–Zhongshan channel but also provide valuable basic data and technical support for the construction of overburden of subsea-immersed tube tunnels in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical and Physical Model Investigation of Water Transport, Coastal and Offshore Engineering)
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