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Update on Skin Cancers: Non-invasive Diagnostic Tools and Treatment
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Update on Skin Cancers: Non-invasive Diagnostic Tools and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dermatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 9863

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gianluca Nazzaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
2. Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
Interests: melanoma; dermatology; dermatoscopy; hidradenitis suppurativa; acne
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of dermato-oncology is ever expanding, with substantial advances in non-invasive diagnostic tools, such as dermoscopy, ultrasonography, confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography. In addition, the incidence of skin cancers, including melanoma and NMSC, is increasing, and the novel diagnostic techniques may enable skin cancers to be diagnosed at earlier stages.

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) comprise common cutaneous malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), together with rare cutaneous cancers, such as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and other forms of adnexal cancers. The majority of NMSCs can be successfully treated with surgery or radiotherapy; however, advanced and metastatic stages may require systemic approaches, such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Since immunotherapy is not effective in all patients, and can potentially lead to severe adverse effects, an important clinical question is how to properly identify those who could be suitable candidates for this therapeutic choice.

Here, we welcome reviews and original research pertaining to melanoma and NMSC diagnosis and management.

Dr. Gianluca Nazzaro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • melanoma
  • basal cell carcinoma
  • dermoscopy
  • skin oncology
  • ultrasonography
  • immunotherapy
  • skin tumors
  • nevi

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 16212 KiB  
Article
High Frequency Ultrasound of Basal Cell Carcinomas: Ultrasonographic Features and Histological Subtypes, a Retrospective Study of 100 Tumors
by Styliani Siskou, Paola Pasquali and Myrto Trakatelli
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(12), 3893; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123893 - 07 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1103
Abstract
(1) Background: 22 MHz high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that gives information on depth, length, volume and shape of skin tumors. (2) Methods: We reviewed the clinical, ultrasound, and histological records of 54 patients with 100 histologically confirmed basal [...] Read more.
(1) Background: 22 MHz high frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is a non-invasive imaging technique that gives information on depth, length, volume and shape of skin tumors. (2) Methods: We reviewed the clinical, ultrasound, and histological records of 54 patients with 100 histologically confirmed basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tumors with the use of HFUS. (3) Results: Most infiltrative tumors (n = 16/21, 76.2%) were irregular shaped, followed by five (23.8%) being round shaped; most superficial tumors (n = 25/29, 86.2%) were ribbon shaped, followed by four (13.8%) being round shaped; most nodular tumors (n = 26/33, 78.8%) were round shaped, followed by seven (21.2%) that were irregular shaped; and, lastly, all microdular tumors (n = 2/2, 100%) were round shaped. Strong evidence of association (p = 0.000) was observed between the histological subtype and tumor shape as seen using the HFUS. No evidence of association was found between the histological subtype and tumor margin (p > 0.005). Cohen’s Kappa statistic to assess the agreement between BCC subtypes evaluated by histological examination and U/S appearance was calculated equal to 0.8251 (almost perfect agreement). (4) Conclusions: HFUS appears to be a reliable technique for the pre-operative evaluation of BCCs, assisting physicians to decide on the optimal therapeutic approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Skin Cancers: Non-invasive Diagnostic Tools and Treatment)
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10 pages, 4220 KiB  
Article
Classification of Skin Cancer Using Novel Hyperspectral Imaging Engineering via YOLOv5
by Hung-Yi Huang, Yu-Ping Hsiao, Arvind Mukundan, Yu-Ming Tsao, Wen-Yen Chang and Hsiang-Chen Wang
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 1134; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031134 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4111
Abstract
Many studies have recently used several deep learning methods for detecting skin cancer. However, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a noninvasive optics system that can obtain wavelength information on the location of skin cancer lesions and requires further investigation. Hyperspectral technology can capture hundreds [...] Read more.
Many studies have recently used several deep learning methods for detecting skin cancer. However, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a noninvasive optics system that can obtain wavelength information on the location of skin cancer lesions and requires further investigation. Hyperspectral technology can capture hundreds of narrow bands of the electromagnetic spectrum both within and outside the visible wavelength range as well as bands that enhance the distinction of image features. The dataset from the ISIC library was used in this study to detect and classify skin cancer on the basis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and seborrheic keratosis (SK). The dataset was divided into training and test sets, and you only look once (YOLO) version 5 was applied to train the model. The model performance was judged according to the generated confusion matrix and five indicating parameters, including precision, recall, specificity, accuracy, and the F1-score of the trained model. Two models, namely, hyperspectral narrowband image (HSI-NBI) and RGB classification, were built and then compared in this study to understand the performance of HSI with the RGB model. Experimental results showed that the HSI model can learn the SCC feature better than the original RGB image because the feature is more prominent or the model is not captured in other categories. The recall rate of the RGB and HSI models were 0.722 to 0.794, respectively, thereby indicating an overall increase of 7.5% when using the HSI model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Skin Cancers: Non-invasive Diagnostic Tools and Treatment)
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18 pages, 15758 KiB  
Article
Clinical, Dermoscopic, Ultrasonographic, and Histopathologic Correlations in Kaposi’s Sarcoma Lesions and Their Differential Diagnoses: A Single-Center Prospective Study
by Athanasia Tourlaki, Gianluca Nazzaro, Yiran Wei, Stefano Buffon, Maria A. Mattioli, Angelo V. Marzano and Lucia Brambilla
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 278; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010278 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1908
Abstract
(1) Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative neoplasm typically appearing as angiomatous patches, plaques, and/or nodules on the skin. Dermoscopy and ultrasonography have been suggested as an aid in the diagnosis of KS, but there is little evidence in the literature, especially [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative neoplasm typically appearing as angiomatous patches, plaques, and/or nodules on the skin. Dermoscopy and ultrasonography have been suggested as an aid in the diagnosis of KS, but there is little evidence in the literature, especially regarding its possible differential diagnoses. Our aim is to describe and compare the clinical, dermoscopic, and ultrasonographic features of KS and KS-like lesions. (2) Methods: we conducted a prospective study on 25 consecutive patients who were first referred to our tertiary care center from January to May 2021 for a possible KS. (3) Results: 41 cutaneous lesions were examined by means of dermoscopy, Doppler ultrasonography, and pathology, 32 of which were KS-related, while the remaining 9 were lesions with clinical resemblance to KS. On dermoscopy, a purplish-red pigmentation, scaly surface, and the collarette sign were the most common features among KS lesions (81.3%, 46.9%, and 28.1%, respectively). On US, all 9 KS plaques and 21 KS nodules presented a hypoechoic image. Dermoscopic and Doppler ultrasonographic findings of KS-like lesions, such as cherry angioma, venous lake, glomus tumor, pyogenic granuloma, and angiosarcoma were also analyzed. (4) Conclusions: dermoscopy and Doppler ultrasonography can be useful to better assess the features of KS lesions and in diagnosing equivocal KS-like lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Skin Cancers: Non-invasive Diagnostic Tools and Treatment)
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11 pages, 762 KiB  
Article
Texture Analysis in Diagnosing Skin Pigmented Lesions in Normal and Polarized Light—A Preliminary Report
by Paweł Popecki, Kamil Jurczyszyn, Marcin Ziętek and Marcin Kozakiewicz
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(9), 2505; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092505 - 29 Apr 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1410
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of benign nevi (BN), dysplastic nevi (DN), and melanomas (MM) represents a considerable clinical problem. These lesions are similar in clinical examination but have different prognoses and therapeutic management techniques. A texture analysis (TA) is a mathematical and statistical analysis [...] Read more.
The differential diagnosis of benign nevi (BN), dysplastic nevi (DN), and melanomas (MM) represents a considerable clinical problem. These lesions are similar in clinical examination but have different prognoses and therapeutic management techniques. A texture analysis (TA) is a mathematical and statistical analysis of pixel patterns of a digital image. This study aims to demonstrate the relationship between the TA of digital images of pigmented lesions under polarized and non-polarized light and their histopathological diagnosis. Ninety pigmented lesions of 76 patients were included in this study. We obtained 166 regions of interest (ROI) images for MM, 166 for DN, and 166 for BN. The pictures were taken under polarized and non-polarized light. Selected image texture features (entropy and difference entropy and long-run emphasis) of ROIs were calculated. Those three equations were used to construct the texture index (TI) and bone index (BI). All of the presented features distinguish melanomas, benign and dysplastic lesions under polarized light very well. In non-polarized images, only the long-run emphasis moment and both indices effectively differentiated nevi from melanomas. TA is an objective method of assessing pigmented lesions and can be used in automatic diagnostic systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Skin Cancers: Non-invasive Diagnostic Tools and Treatment)
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