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Sudden Cardiac Death: Role of Multimodality Imaging in Risk Stratification
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Sudden Cardiac Death: Role of Multimodality Imaging in Risk Stratification

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiovascular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 July 2022) | Viewed by 8376

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco Guglielmo

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
2. Department of Cardiology, Haga Teaching Hospital, 2545 GM The Hague, The Netherlands
Interests: echocardiography; cardiac imaging; cardiac MRI; cardiac CT; cardiovascular imaging; transesophageal echocardiography; transthoracic echocardiography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anna Giulia Pavon

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Guest Editor
Division of Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via Tesserete, 48, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
Interests: clinical cardiology; acute myocardial infarction; cardiomyopathies; mitral valve prolapse; non-invasive imaging; cardiac imaging; multimodality imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is the most common cause of cardiovascular death averaging 300–400,000 deaths in the United States annually. From a pathophysiological point of view, SCD is the result of a predisposing substrate upon which a trigger acts, resulting in a lethal ventricular arrhythmia. In the broad spectrum of cardiovascular disease which can cause SCD (including cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, valvulopathies, and primary electrical disorders) the most common underlying cause of SCD is myocardial infarction related scar leading to ventricular tachyarrhythmia. implantable cardioverter-defibrillator represents the mainstay therapy for primary and secondary prevention of SCD. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remains the main criterion for selecting patients for ICD implantation as primary prevention. However, multimodality cardiac imaging including echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, cardiac CT, PET and SPECT, have shown superiority to LVEF in risk stratifying patients for SCD. This special issue aims to review the last technical advances in the field of cardiovascular imaging to improve patient’s risk assessment for SCD and to discuss the challenges that the cardiovascular imager may face.

Dr. Marco Guglielmo
Dr. Anna Giulia Pavon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Sudden Cardiac Death
  • Multimodality Imaging
  • Risk assessment
  • Echocardiography
  • Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, Cardiac CT, PET, SPECT

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 199 KiB  
Editorial
Preventing Sudden Cardiac Death in Mitral Valve Prolapse: When Multimodality Imaging Is the Key to Success
by Anna Giulia Pavon, Luca Bergamaschi and Marco Guglielmo
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(17), 5112; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175112 - 30 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1111
Abstract
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common cardiac anomaly that is estimated to affect 1–3% of the general population [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sudden Cardiac Death: Role of Multimodality Imaging in Risk Stratification)

Review

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20 pages, 3094 KiB  
Review
Multimodality Imaging of Sudden Cardiac Death and Acute Complications in Acute Coronary Syndrome
by Giuseppe Muscogiuri, Andrea Igoren Guaricci, Nicola Soldato, Riccardo Cau, Luca Saba, Paola Siena, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Elisa Giannetta, Davide Sala, Paolo Sganzerla, Marco Gatti, Riccardo Faletti, Alberto Senatieri, Gregorio Chierchia, Gianluca Pontone, Paolo Marra, Mark G. Rabbat and Sandro Sironi
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(19), 5663; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195663 - 26 Sep 2022
Viewed by 2010
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a potentially fatal event usually caused by a cardiac arrhythmia, which is often the result of coronary artery disease (CAD). Up to 80% of patients suffering from SCD have concomitant CAD. Arrhythmic complications may occur in patients with [...] Read more.
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a potentially fatal event usually caused by a cardiac arrhythmia, which is often the result of coronary artery disease (CAD). Up to 80% of patients suffering from SCD have concomitant CAD. Arrhythmic complications may occur in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) before admission, during revascularization procedures, and in hospital intensive care monitoring. In addition, about 20% of patients who survive cardiac arrest develop a transmural myocardial infarction (MI). Prevention of ACS can be evaluated in selected patients using cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA), while diagnosis can be depicted using electrocardiography (ECG), and complications can be evaluated with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and echocardiography. CCTA can evaluate plaque, burden of disease, stenosis, and adverse plaque characteristics, in patients with chest pain. ECG and echocardiography are the first-line tests for ACS and are affordable and useful for diagnosis. CMR can evaluate function and the presence of complications after ACS, such as development of ventricular thrombus and presence of myocardial tissue characterization abnormalities that can be the substrate of ventricular arrhythmias. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sudden Cardiac Death: Role of Multimodality Imaging in Risk Stratification)
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17 pages, 4165 KiB  
Review
State-of-the-Art Multimodality Imaging in Sudden Cardiac Arrest with Focus on Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation: A Review
by Lisa M. Verheul, Sanne A. Groeneveld, Feddo P. Kirkels, Paul G. A. Volders, Arco J. Teske, Maarten J. Cramer, Marco Guglielmo and Rutger J. Hassink
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(16), 4680; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11164680 - 10 Aug 2022
Viewed by 2301
Abstract
Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation is a rare cause of sudden cardiac arrest and a diagnosis by exclusion. Unraveling the mechanism of ventricular fibrillation is important for targeted management, and potentially for initiating family screening. Sudden cardiac arrest survivors undergo extensive clinical testing, with a [...] Read more.
Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation is a rare cause of sudden cardiac arrest and a diagnosis by exclusion. Unraveling the mechanism of ventricular fibrillation is important for targeted management, and potentially for initiating family screening. Sudden cardiac arrest survivors undergo extensive clinical testing, with a growing role for multimodality imaging, before diagnosing “idiopathic” ventricular fibrillation. Multimodality imaging, considered as using multiple imaging modalities as diagnostics, is important for revealing structural myocardial abnormalities in patients with cardiac arrest. This review focuses on combining imaging modalities (echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance and computed tomography) and the electrocardiographic characterization of sudden cardiac arrest survivors and discusses the surplus value of multimodality imaging in the diagnostic routing of these patients. We focus on novel insights obtained through electrostructural and/or electromechanical imaging in apparently idiopathic ventricular fibrillation patients, with special attention to non-invasive electrocardiographic imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sudden Cardiac Death: Role of Multimodality Imaging in Risk Stratification)
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10 pages, 488 KiB  
Review
Multi-Modality Imaging for Prevention of Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Infarction in the General Population: Ready for Prime Time?
by Daan Ties, Paulien van Dorp, Gabija Pundziute, Erik Lipsic, Carlijn M. van der Aalst, Matthijs Oudkerk, Harry J. de Koning, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart and Pim van der Harst
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(11), 2965; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11112965 - 24 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2097
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage, heart failure, life-threatening arrythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD), and is a main driver of CVD mortality and morbidity. To control the forecasted [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage, heart failure, life-threatening arrythmias and sudden cardiac death (SCD), and is a main driver of CVD mortality and morbidity. To control the forecasted increase in CVD burden for both the individual and society, improved strategies for the prevention of AMI and SCD are required. Current prevention of AMI and SCD is directed towards risk-modifying interventions, guided by risk assessment using clinical risk prediction scores (CRPSs) and the coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Early detection of more advanced coronary artery disease (CAD), beyond risk assessment by CRPSs or CACS, is a promising strategy to allow personalized treatment for the improved prevention of AMI and SCD in the general population. We review evidence for further testing, beyond CRPSs and CACS, and therapies focusing on promising targets, including subclinical obstructive CAD, high-risk plaques, and silent myocardial ischemia. We also evaluate the potential of multi-modality imaging to enhance the conduction of adequately powered trials to provide high-quality evidence on the impact of add-on tests and therapies in the prevention of AMI and SCD in asymptomatic individuals. To conclude, we discuss the occurrence of AMI and SCD in individuals currently estimated to be at “low-risk” by the current strategy based on CRPSs, and methods to improve prevention of AMI and SCD in this “low-risk” population. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sudden Cardiac Death: Role of Multimodality Imaging in Risk Stratification)
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