Journal of Clinical Medicine

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11 pages, 651 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of a Cognitive Dual Task on Gait Parameters among Healthy Young Adults with Good and Poor Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

by Jood Dalbah, Shima A. Mohammad Zadeh and Meeyoung Kim

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(9), 2566; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13092566 (registering DOI) - 27 Apr 2024

Viewed by 219

Abstract

Background: Sleep quality is known to affect automatic and executive brain functions such as gait control and cognitive processing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dual tasks on gait spatiotemporal parameters among young adults with good and poor sleep quality. [...] Read more.

Background: Sleep quality is known to affect automatic and executive brain functions such as gait control and cognitive processing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dual tasks on gait spatiotemporal parameters among young adults with good and poor sleep quality. Methods: In total, 65 young adults with a mean age of 21.1 ± 2.5 were assessed for gait analysis during single-task and dual-task conditions. The participants’ sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and gait was assessed using the BTS Gaitlab System. The participants were asked to walk at natural speed as a single-task condition, followed by walking while performing a cognitive task as a dual-task condition. The parameters assessed included the gait velocity (m/s), cadence (steps/min), step width (m), and stride length (m). The dual-task cost (DTC) on each gait parameter was calculated. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in the DTC on gait variables between the good and poor sleep quality groups and the Spearman correlation test was used to assess the correlation between total PSQI scores and the DTC. Results: At a significance level of p < 0.05, a significant difference in cadence between the two sleep quality groups was observed, in addition to a positive correlation between sleep quality and the DTC effect on gait mean velocity, cadence, and stride length. Our findings also revealed a greater DTC in participants with poorer sleep quality. Conclusions: These findings contribute to our perception of the significance of sleep quality in gait performance while multitasking in younger populations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Sleep Medicine)

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14 pages, 1167 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Consensus Statements among European Sleep Surgery Experts on Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Part 2 Decision-Making in Surgical Management and Peri-Operative Considerations

by Ewa Olszewska, Andrea De Vito, Carlos O’Connor-Reina, Clemens Heiser, Peter Baptista, Bhik Kotecha, Olivier Vanderveken and Claudio Vicini

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(7), 2083; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13072083 - 03 Apr 2024

Viewed by 505

Abstract

Background: Reaching consensus on decision-making in surgical management and peri-operative considerations regarding snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among sleep surgeons is critical in the management of patients with such conditions, where there is a large degree of variability. Methods: A [...] Read more.

Background: Reaching consensus on decision-making in surgical management and peri-operative considerations regarding snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among sleep surgeons is critical in the management of patients with such conditions, where there is a large degree of variability. Methods: A set of statements was developed based on the literature and circulated among eight panel members of European experts, utilizing the Delphi method. Responses were provided as agree and disagree on each statement, and the comments were used to assess the level of consensus and develop a revised version. The new version, with the level of consensus and anonymized comments, was sent to each panel member as the second round. This was repeated for a total of five rounds. Results: The final set included a total of 71 statements: 29 stand-alone and 11 with 42 sub-statements. On the 33 statements regarding decision-making in surgical management, there was 60.6%, 27.3%, and 6.1% consensus among all eight, seven, and six panelists, respectively. On the 38 statements regarding the peri-operative considerations, there was 55.3%, 18.4%, and 15.8% consensus among all eight, seven, and six panelists, respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate the need for an expanded review of the literature and discussion to enhance consensus among the sleep surgeons that consider surgical management in patients with snoring and OSA. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Sleep Medicine)

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16 pages, 1529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Consensus Statements among European Sleep Surgery Experts on Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Part 1 Definitions and Diagnosis

by Ewa Olszewska, Andrea De Vito, Peter Baptista, Clemens Heiser, Carlos O’Connor-Reina, Bhik Kotecha, Olivier Vanderveken and Claudio Vicini

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(2), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020502 - 16 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 901

Abstract

Seeking consensus on definitions and diagnosis of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among sleep surgeons is important, particularly in this relatively new field with variability in knowledge and practices. A set of statements was developed based on the literature and circulated among [...] Read more.

Seeking consensus on definitions and diagnosis of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among sleep surgeons is important, particularly in this relatively new field with variability in knowledge and practices. A set of statements was developed based on the literature and circulated among eight panel members of European experts, utilizing the Delphi method. Responses in agreement and disagreement on each statement and the comments were used to assess the level of consensus and develop a revised version. The new version with the level of consensus and anonymized comments was sent to each panel member as the second round. This was repeated a total of five rounds. The total number of statements included in the initial set was 112. In the first round, of all eight panelists, the percentage of questions that had consensus among the eight, seven, and six panelists were 45%, 4.5%, and 7.1%, respectively. In the final set of statements consisting of 99, the percentage of questions that had consensus among the 8, 7, and 6 panelists went up to 66.7%, 24.2%, and 6.1%, respectively. Delphi’s method demonstrated an efficient method of interaction among experts and the establishment of consensus on a specific set of statements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Sleep Medicine)

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11 pages, 275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Are Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms the Triggering Link for Mental Imbalance? An Exploratory Post Hoc Analysis

by Francesco Di Bello, Cristiano Scandurra, Benedetta Muzii, Claudia Colla’ Ruvolo, Gianluigi Califano, Edoardo Mocini, Massimiliano Creta, Luigi Napolitano, Simone Morra, Agostino Fraia, Vincenzo Bochicchio, Giovanni Salzano, Luigi Angelo Vaira, Francesco Mangiapia, Gaetano Motta, Giovanni Motta, Nelson Mauro Maldonato, Nicola Longo and Elena Cantone

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(22), 6965; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12226965 - 07 Nov 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 830

Abstract

Background: Both lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) could negatively impair the patients’ quality of life, increasing the sensitivity to psychological distress that results in mental health disorders. The relationships of both urinary and respiratory domains with psychological distress [...] Read more.

Background: Both lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) could negatively impair the patients’ quality of life, increasing the sensitivity to psychological distress that results in mental health disorders. The relationships of both urinary and respiratory domains with psychological distress in obstructive sleep apnea patients is still underestimated. Methods: This study was a post hoc analysis of a web-based Italian survey, which included 1998 participants. Three hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses with psychological distress as dependent variable were performed on the study of 1988 participants enrolled in the final analysis. Cohen’s f2 was used for the assessment of the effect size. Results: From the hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses, it emerged that the final statistical model (including sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, perceived urinary function, and excessive daytime sleepiness) for all dimensions accounted for 16.7% of the variance in psychological distress, with a medium effect size (f2 = 0.15). Conclusions: People reported psychological distress was impaired by the presence of LUTS and EDS. Specifically, our study showed that higher levels of distress were scored especially in young women exhibiting urinary symptoms and with high values of daytime sleepiness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Sleep Medicine)

12 pages, 3451 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Due to COVID-19 and Long-Term Sleep and Circadian Sleep–Wake Disorders

by Mario Henríquez-Beltrán, Iván Benítez, Thalía Belmonte, Jorge Jorquera, Jorge Jorquera-Diaz, Igor Cigarroa, Matías Burgos, Rocio Sanhueza, Claudia Jeria, Isabel Fernandez-Bussy, Estefania Nova-Lamperti, Ferrán Barbé, Adriano Targa and Gonzalo Labarca

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(20), 6639; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206639 - 20 Oct 2023

Viewed by 2284

Abstract

Current studies agree on the impact of sleep and circadian rest–activity rhythm alterations in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors. However, research on the duration of this impact is scarce. In this study, we evaluate the impact of ARDS on the sleep and [...] Read more.

Current studies agree on the impact of sleep and circadian rest–activity rhythm alterations in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) survivors. However, research on the duration of this impact is scarce. In this study, we evaluate the impact of ARDS on the sleep and circadian rest–activity rhythm of COVID-19 survivors twelve months after hospital discharge. This is a prospective study including COVID-19 survivors with and without ARDS during hospitalization. Data was collected four and twelve months after hospital discharge. The interventions included one-week wrist actigraphy and a home sleep apnea test (HSAT), and evaluations were conducted according to the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), and insomnia severity index (ISI). Fifty-two patients were evaluated (ARDS = 31 and non-ARDS = 21); they had a median age of 49.0 [39.0;57.2] years and 53.8% were male. After twelve months, 91.3% presented poor sleep quality, 58.7% presented insomnia, 50% presented daytime somnolence, and 37% presented comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (COMISA). No significant improvement was observed in relation to sleep or the circadian rest–activity rhythm between four and twelve months. A tendency of poor sleep quality, insomnia, daytime somnolence, and COMISA was observed. Finally, there was no significant impact on the circadian rest–activity rhythm between four and twelve months or between the groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Sleep Medicine)

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10 pages, 254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Multilevel Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea on Fatigue, Stress and Resilience

by Su Young Jung, Young Min Mun, Gyu Man Lee and Sung Wan Kim

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(19), 6282; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196282 - 29 Sep 2023

Viewed by 706

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effects of surgical treatment on fatigue, stress, and resilience in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Sixty patients who underwent multilevel sleep surgery for OSA (OSA group) and 32 non-OSA participants (control group) were recruited at a university [...] Read more.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of surgical treatment on fatigue, stress, and resilience in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Sixty patients who underwent multilevel sleep surgery for OSA (OSA group) and 32 non-OSA participants (control group) were recruited at a university hospital in Korea between January 2020 and March 2022. Fatigue, stress, and resilience levels were evaluated in both groups using the Chalder fatigue scale (CFS), daily hassles scale revised (DHS-R), and Connor–Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC), respectively. The scores of each group were compared before and 6 months after surgery. Results: The initial CFS and DHS-R scores were significantly higher, while the CD-RISC score was significantly lower, in the OSA group than in the control group (p < 0.05). In the patients with OSA, all three scores significantly improved after surgery (p < 0.05). Additionally, when compared between the groups at 6 months, there were no differences in the CFS, DHS-R, or CD-RISC scores (p > 0.05). Even when the OSA group was divided into a success group and a failure group according to surgical outcomes and compared with the control group, the three scores of both groups did not show statistical differences from the control group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Multilevel surgery may reduce fatigue as well as stress and increase resilience in patients with OSA to levels similar to those in non-OSA individuals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Sleep Medicine)

13 pages, 584 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Associations between Birth Weight and Adult Sleep Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the UAEHFS

by Nirmin F. Juber, Abdishakur Abdulle, Amar Ahmad, Andrea Leinberger-Jabari, Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri, Fatma Al-Maskari, Fatme AlAnouti, Mohammad Al-Houqani, Mohammed Hag Ali, Omar El-Shahawy, Scott Sherman, Syed M. Shah, Tom Loney, Youssef Idaghdour and Raghib Ali

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(17), 5618; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12175618 - 28 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1514

Abstract

Abnormal birth weight, particularly low birth weight (LBW), is known to have long-term adverse health consequences in adulthood, with disrupted sleep being suggested as a mediator or modifier of this link. We thus aimed to assess the associations between birth weight and self-reported [...] Read more.

Abnormal birth weight, particularly low birth weight (LBW), is known to have long-term adverse health consequences in adulthood, with disrupted sleep being suggested as a mediator or modifier of this link. We thus aimed to assess the associations between birth weight and self-reported adult sleep characteristics: sleep duration, difficulty waking up in the morning, daily nap frequency, sleep problems at night, snoring, daytime tiredness or sleepiness, and ever-stop breathing during sleep. This cross-sectional analysis used the United Arab Emirates Healthy Future Study data collected from February 2016 to March 2023 involving 2124 Emiratis aged 18–61 years. We performed a Poisson regression under unadjusted and age-sex-and-BMI-adjusted models to obtain the risk ratio and its 95% confidence interval for our analysis of the association between birth weight and each adult sleep characteristics, compared to individuals with normal birth weight (≥2.5 kg). Those with LBW had significantly a 17% increased risk of difficulty waking up in the morning, compared to those with normal birth weight. In addition, females with LBW history were also at an increased risk of reporting difficulty waking up in the morning. Studies with objective sleep assessments that include measurements of more confounding factors are recommended to confirm these risks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Sleep Medicine)

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11 pages, 2146 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The U-Shaped Association between Sleep Duration, All-Cause Mortality and Cardiovascular Risk in a Hispanic/Latino Clinically Based Cohort

by Mario Henríquez-Beltrán, Jorge Dreyse, Jorge Jorquera, Jorge Jorquera-Diaz, Constanza Salas, Isabel Fernandez-Bussy and Gonzalo Labarca

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 4961; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12154961 - 28 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1646

Abstract

Sleep is essential for life, and inappropriate sleep duration patterns may lead to chronic consequences regarding human health. Several studies have confirmed the presence of a U-shaped association between sleep duration and mortality. Moreover, many consequences related to cardiometabolic aspects have been suggested [...] Read more.

Sleep is essential for life, and inappropriate sleep duration patterns may lead to chronic consequences regarding human health. Several studies have confirmed the presence of a U-shaped association between sleep duration and mortality. Moreover, many consequences related to cardiometabolic aspects have been suggested in patients with abnormal sleep durations. In this study, we analyzed the associations between sleep duration, total sleep time (TST), the risk of all-cause mortality, and 10-year cardiovascular risk in a cohort of patients at a sleep medicine center in Santiago, Chile. We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients (SantOSA). A short TST was defined as

\leq

6 h, a normal TST as 6 to 9 h, and a long TST as

\geq

9 h. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for all-cause mortality were calculated. A cross-sectional analysis between TST and 10-year cardiovascular risk (calculated using the Framingham 2008 formula) was determined using logistic regression models. A total of 1385 subjects were included in the results (78% male; median age: 53, interquartile range (IQR): 42–64 years; median BMI: 29.5, IQR: 16.7–33.1). A total of 333 subjects (24%) reported short TSTs, 938 (67.7%) reported normal TSTs, and 114 (8.3%) reported long TSTs. In the fully adjusted model, the association remained significant for short (aHR: 2.51 (1.48–4.25); p-value = 0.01) and long TSTs (aHR: 3.97 (1.53–10.29); p-value = 0.04). Finally, a U-shaped association was found between short and long TSTs, with an increase in cardiovascular risk at 10 years. Compared with normal TSTs, short (

\leq

6 h) and long (

\geq

9 h) TSTs were significantly associated with all-cause mortality and increased 10-year cardiovascular risk. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Sleep Medicine)

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12 pages, 288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Cadmium on Sleep Parameters Assessed in Polysomnographic Studies: A Case–Control Study

by Weronika Frosztega, Mieszko Wieckiewicz, Pawel Gac, Gabriella Lachowicz, Rafal Poreba, Grzegorz Mazur and Helena Martynowicz

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(12), 3899; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123899 - 07 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1264

Abstract

Cadmium is a heavy metal that accumulates in the body due to environmental and occupational exposure. The main form of environmental exposure to cadmium is related to cigarette smoking. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cadmium on [...] Read more.

Cadmium is a heavy metal that accumulates in the body due to environmental and occupational exposure. The main form of environmental exposure to cadmium is related to cigarette smoking. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cadmium on numerous sleep parameters with the use of polysomnography. The secondary aim of this study was to investigate if environmental exposure to cadmium is a risk factor for the intensity of sleep bruxism (SB). Methods: A total of 44 adults underwent a full night of polysomnographic examination. The polysomnograms were assessed according to guidelines set out by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). The concentration of cadmium in the blood and urine was determined spectrophotometrically. Results: The polysomnographic examination confirmed that cadmium, age, male gender and smoking status are independent risk factors for an increase in the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Cadmium alters sleep architecture by favoring sleep fragmentation and decreasing the duration of the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep. However, cadmium exposure is not a risk factor for the development of sleep bruxism. Conclusions: In summary, this study demonstrates that cadmium affects sleep architecture and is a risk factor for the development of obstructive sleep apnea; however, it does not affect sleep bruxism. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Sleep Medicine)

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