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Advances in Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Advances in Mild Cognitive Impairment

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Mental Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2023) | Viewed by 7105

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Shimada

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
Interests: cohort study of geriatric syndromes 2; community-based intervention research in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment; safety driving in the older adults with cognitive impairments; clinical research of preventing falls in long-term care settings; vitreoretinal disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Hyuntae Park

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Care Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
Interests: MCI; sarcopenia; frailty; physical activity; exercise; digital therapeutics; smart healthcare
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The area of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) research is on the move. In particular, an algorithm that can classify stable MCI and progressive MCI is needed to indicate if a patient with MCI will progress to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia within a certain period. Participants with MCI who are considered to be in the prodromal stage of AD are generally involved in clinical trials, but only 20% of patients with MCI are subsequently diagnosed with AD within 2 years. Although there many studies used blood biomarkers, brain imaging, and clinical symptoms to stratify patients with MCI, no satisfactory consensus method has yet been found. In addition, although multidimensional interventions, including exercise, a healthy diet, cognitive training, and the management of lifestyle-related diseases, are recommended as a non-pharmacological method of dementia prevention, the program needs to be streamlined for widespread social implementation. Without the accumulation of knowledge on this topic, it is unlikely that effective and feasible strategies to sufficiently reduce the prevalence of dementia can be developed. The goal of this Special Issue is to provide scientific evidence for the latest and most advanced research in this field for a better understanding of MCI outcomes and contribute to early detection and prevention of subjects with MCI. We encourage authors to submit original research articles, critical reviews, in-depth reviews, well-documented case studies or theoretical papers, taking into account scientific discussions from different perspectives with a comprehensive understanding of the aim of this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Hiroyuki Shimada
Prof. Dr. Hyuntae Park
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mild cognitive impairment
  • dementia
  • machine learning
  • randomized controlled trial
  • biomarker
  • MRI
  • sarcopenia
  • frailty

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1708 KiB  
Article
Memory Deficits in Parkinson’s Disease Are Associated with Impaired Attentional Filtering and Memory Consolidation Processes
by Eun-Young Lee
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(14), 4594; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144594 - 10 Jul 2023
Viewed by 946
Abstract
The present study examined mechanisms underlying memory deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their associations with brain structural metrics. Nineteen PD patients and twenty-two matched controls underwent two memory experiments. In Experiment 1 (delayed memory task), subjects were asked to remember an array [...] Read more.
The present study examined mechanisms underlying memory deficits in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and their associations with brain structural metrics. Nineteen PD patients and twenty-two matched controls underwent two memory experiments. In Experiment 1 (delayed memory task), subjects were asked to remember an array of colored rectangles with varying memory set sizes (Low-Load (2 items), Low-Load (relevant 2 items) with Distractor (irrelevant 3 items), and High-Load (5 items)). After a 7 s delay period, they reported whether the orientation of any relevant figures had changed (test period). In Experiment 2 (working memory task), memory arrays were presented in varying set sizes (2 to 6 items) without distractors, followed by a 2 s delay period and a subsequent test period. Brain MRI data were acquired to assess structural differences (volumes and cortical thickness) in areas related to attention, working memory storage capacity, and episodic memory. Multivariate analyses of covariance revealed that, compared with controls, PD patients had lower memory capacity scores in all memory load conditions for Experiment 1 (p < 0.021), whereas there were no group differences in any memory load conditions for Experiment 2 (p > 0.06). In addition, PD patients had lower cortical thickness in the left superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.02), a region related to the ventral attentional system. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that lower cortical thickness values in the left superior temporal gyrus significantly predicted lower memory scores of Low-Load and Low-Load with Distractor conditions in Experiment 1 (p < 0.044) and lower scores of memory load conditions of 4 and 5 items in Experiment 2 (p < 0.012). These findings suggest that memory deficits in PD may partly be due to impaired attentional filtering and memory consolidation processes that may be related to superior temporal neurodegeneration. Future studies are warranted to confirm the current findings to guide the development of effective treatments for memory deficits in PD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mild Cognitive Impairment)
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11 pages, 1915 KiB  
Article
Usefulness of the Cognitive Composition Test as an Early Discriminator of Mild Cognitive Impairment
by Yoshiki Tamaru, Hiroyuki Sumino and Akiyoshi Matsugi
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 1203; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031203 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1828
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the preliminary stage of dementia, which is a serious social problem worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether the Cognitive Composition Test (CCT) is effective for the early diagnosis of MCI. A total of 104 older adults underwent [...] Read more.
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the preliminary stage of dementia, which is a serious social problem worldwide. This study aimed to investigate whether the Cognitive Composition Test (CCT) is effective for the early diagnosis of MCI. A total of 104 older adults underwent the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Trail Making Test Parts A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B), and our newly prototyped cognitive composition test (CCT). We created three types of CCT (CCT-A, CCT-B, and CCT-C) with different degrees of difficulty. First, we examined the concurrent validity of CCT-A, CCT-B, and CCT-C with the MoCA, MMSE, TMT-A, and TMT-B. All participants were classified into the healthy control (HC) and MCI groups based on their scores in the Japanese versions of the MoCA and MMSE. The HC and MCI groups were compared using the TMT-A, TMT-B, CCT-A, CCT-B, and CCT-C. Finally, we examined the sensitivity for discrimination of CCT-C. CCT-C had a higher discrimination sensitivity than TMT-A, TMT-B, CCT-A, and CCT-B, with a cut-off value of 65.75 s, a sensitivity level of 0.844, and a specificity of 0.776. It may be a useful screening tool for the early diagnosis of the early-stages of dementia, such as MCI, in asymptomatic older adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mild Cognitive Impairment)
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12 pages, 582 KiB  
Article
Differences in Subjective and Objective Cognitive Decline Outcomes Are Associated with Modifiable Protective Factors: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study
by Osamu Katayama, Sangyoon Lee, Seongryu Bae, Keitaro Makino, Ippei Chiba, Kenji Harada, Masanori Morikawa, Kouki Tomida and Hiroyuki Shimada
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(24), 7441; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11247441 - 15 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1290
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults has been identified as a risk factor for dementia. However, the literature is inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether older adults with SCD had more modifiable protective factors [...] Read more.
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in older adults has been identified as a risk factor for dementia. However, the literature is inconsistent, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to determine whether older adults with SCD had more modifiable protective factors against the risk of dementia and a lower risk of developing objective cognitive decline (OCD). We included 4363 older adults (71.7 ± 5.3 [mean ± standard deviation] years of age; 2239 women) from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes. SCD, OCD, and protective factors against dementia, such as lifestyle and activity, were assessed using interviews and objective cognitive-assessment tools. Based on initial cognitive status, participants were categorized into normal cognition, SCD-only, OCD-only, and both SCD and OCD groups. After 4 years, participants were classified as having either no impairment or mild or global cognitive impairment (i.e., OCD). Binomial logistic regression analyses were performed with the cognitive statuses of the groups at follow-up and baseline as the dependent and independent variables, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we found that the SCD-only group had more modifiable protective factors against the risk of dementia than the OCD-only group. Community-dwelling older adults with normal cognition or those part of the SCD-only group had a lower risk of developing OCD during the 4-year follow-up, which may have been due to having more modifiable protective factors against the risk of dementia. Additionally, these factors may contribute to the inconsistencies in the literature on SCD outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mild Cognitive Impairment)
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11 pages, 597 KiB  
Article
Cognitive Stimulation as Alternative Treatment to Improve Psychological Disorders in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
by María del Carmen Carcelén-Fraile, Ana María Llera-DelaTorre, Agustín Aibar-Almazán, Diego Fernando Afanador-Restrepo, Mateo Baena-Marín, Fidel Hita-Contreras, Vânia Brandão-Loureiro, Patricia Alexandra García-Garro and Yolanda Castellote-Caballero
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(14), 3947; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11143947 - 07 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2119
Abstract
(1) Background: Mild cognitive impairment is becoming one of the most common clinical manifestations affecting older people. For this reason, developing non-pharmacological strategies to help improve or maintain the physical condition of patients with mild dementia has become a priority. Therefore, the objective [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Mild cognitive impairment is becoming one of the most common clinical manifestations affecting older people. For this reason, developing non-pharmacological strategies to help improve or maintain the physical condition of patients with mild dementia has become a priority. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide evidence about the effects of a cognitive stimulation program on cognitive performance, anxiety, depression, and quality of life in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and aged > 70. (2) Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial. A total of 72 elderly people with MCI participated: 35 in the control group who did not receive any intervention and 36 in the experimental group who received a cognitive stimulation program for 12 weeks. Cognitive performance, depression, anxiety and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale, and the SF-12, respectively. (3) Results: In the experimental group, significant results were obtained on cognitive performance, depression, anxiety and general health, emotional role, social functioning, vitality, mental health and mental component summary domains of the SF-12. (4) Conclusions: a cognitive stimulation program of 12 weeks improves cognitive performance, anxiety, depression, and HRQoL in people with MCI aged > 70. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mild Cognitive Impairment)
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