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Advances in Root-Associated Microbial Communities—the Role from Plant and Sustainable Agriculture

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 7237

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The microorganisms in the rhizosphere can be beneficial, harmful, or neutral for the growth and health of the plant. For example, plant-growth-promoting bacteria and fungi may enhance protection against pathogens, promote plant growth, and facilitate plant nutrition. Plants and microbes interact, e.g., by signaling via root exudates. The composition of root exudates varies between plant species, and this variability plays an important role for the establishment of plant-rhizospheric microbial communities. The variety of microorganisms associated with plant roots is enormous, amounting to tens of thousands of species. This complex microbial community, also called the second plant genome, is essential for plant health and productivity. Over the last few years, there has been significant progress in research into the structure and dynamics of the microbial sphere of the rhizosphere. In general, rhizosphere microorganisms promote plant growth directly by providing plants with minerals such as nitrogen and phosphorus and by synthesizing growth regulators, as well as indirectly, by inhibiting the development of various plant pathogens. Researchers use novel technologies including next-generation sequencing, as well as soil profiling and microprobes for genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics studies to conduct informative studies in the soil rhizosphere and the role of plants and microorganisms in these interactions. This Special Issue intends to improve our understanding of the “advances in root-associated microbial communities”. Submissions could consist of research in topics including but not limited to:

  • Rhizosphere diversity of soil microorganisms;
  • Interaction between plants and their microbial communities;
  • Functions of rhizosphere microorganisms;
  • Microorganisms synthesizing plant growth regulators;
  • Biological plant protection;
  • Genetic diversity among soil microbial communities;
  • Novel bioactive compound isolation and identification in plants and soil.

Prof. Dr. Anna Gałązka
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • microbiome and mycobiome of soil and plant rhizosphere
  • mycorrhizal fungi
  • next-generation sequencing
  • soil biodiversity

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 4148 KiB  
Article
Genetic Determinants of Antagonistic Interactions and the Response of New Endophytic Strain Serratia quinivorans KP32 to Fungal Phytopathogens
by Daria Chlebek, Valeriia Grebtsova, Artur Piński, Joanna Żur-Pińska and Katarzyna Hupert-Kocurek
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15561; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415561 - 08 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2020
Abstract
Fungal phytopathogens are challenging to control due to their penetration into plant tissues. Therefore, plant-colonizing bacteria could serve as an excellent weapon in fighting fungal infections. In this study, we aim to determine the biocontrol potential of the new endophytic strain Serratia quinivorans [...] Read more.
Fungal phytopathogens are challenging to control due to their penetration into plant tissues. Therefore, plant-colonizing bacteria could serve as an excellent weapon in fighting fungal infections. In this study, we aim to determine the biocontrol potential of the new endophytic strain Serratia quinivorans KP32, isolated from the roots of Petroselinum crispum L.; identify the related mechanisms; and understand the basis of its antagonistic interaction with taxonomically diverse fungi at the molecular level. The KP32 strain presented biological activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum dematium, Fusarium avenaceum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and its ability to inhibit the growth of the phytopathogens was found to be mediated by a broad spectrum of biocontrol features, such as the production of a number of lytic enzymes (amylases, chitinases, and proteases), siderophores, volatile organic and inorganic compounds, salicylic acid, and N-acyl-homoserine lactones. The higher expression of chitinase (chiA) and genes involved in the biosynthesis of hydrogen cyanide (hcnC), enterobactin (entB), and acetoin (budA) in bacteria exposed to fungal filtrates confirmed that these factors could act in combination, leading to a synergistic inhibitory effect of the strain against phytopathogens. We also confirm the active movement, self-aggregation, exopolysaccharide production, and biofilm formation abilities of the KP32 strain, which are essential for effective plant colonization. Its biological activity and colonization potential indicate that KP32 holds tremendous potential for use as an active biopesticide and plant growth promoter. Full article
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19 pages, 4470 KiB  
Article
Changes in Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Communities of Pinus tabuliformis Plantations at Different Development Stages on the Loess Plateau
by Jiaxing Wang, Jing Gao, Haoqiang Zhang and Ming Tang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6753; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126753 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1503
Abstract
The soil fungal community is an important factor in the forest ecosystems, and a better understanding of its composition and dynamic changes will contribute to the maintenance, preservation, and sustainable development of the forest ecosystems. Pinus tabuliformis has been widely planted for local [...] Read more.
The soil fungal community is an important factor in the forest ecosystems, and a better understanding of its composition and dynamic changes will contribute to the maintenance, preservation, and sustainable development of the forest ecosystems. Pinus tabuliformis has been widely planted for local ecological restoration on the Loess Plateau in China in recent decades. However, these plantations have been degraded to different degrees with increasing stand age. Hence, we tried to find the possible causes for the plantation degradation by analyzing soil environmental changes and soil fungal community composition at different stand ages. We collected rhizosphere soil samples from young (10-year-old), middle-aged (20-year-old), and near-mature (30-year-old) P. tabuliformis plantations in this region and characterized their soil properties and soil fungal community diversity and composition. Our results showed that with increasing stand age, the contents of organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen (AN) and nitrate nitrogen (NN) in the soil increased significantly, while the content of available phosphorus (AP) decreased significantly. The main factors affecting the composition of the soil fungal community were the contents of AP, AN, and NN in the soil. In addition, the genus Suillus was the dominant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus in all periods of P. tabuliformis plantations in this region. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the community composition of ECM fungi was significantly correlated with stand age, soil NN, and AP contents, and that of pathogenic (PAG) fungi was significantly correlated with soil AN and AP contents. The decrease in the relative abundance of ECM fungi and the increase in the relative abundance of PAG fungi would exacerbate the degradation of P. tabulaeformis plantation. Our results illustrated that the content of soil AP is not only an important factor limiting the development of plantations, but it also significantly affects the community composition of soil fungi in the rhizosphere of the P. tabuliformis plantation. This study provides a novel insight into the degradation of P. tabuliformis plantations and builds a solid foundation for their subsequent management, restoration, and sustainable development on the Loess Plateau of China. Full article
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Review

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18 pages, 2461 KiB  
Review
Soil-Borne Neosartorya spp.: A Heat-Resistant Fungal Threat to Horticulture and Food Production—An Important Component of the Root-Associated Microbial Community
by Wiktoria Maj, Giorgia Pertile and Magdalena Frąc
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1543; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021543 - 12 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2731
Abstract
Soil-borne Neosartorya spp. are the highly resilient sexual reproductive stage (teleomorph) of Aspergillus spp. Fungi of this genus are relevant components of root-associated microbial community, but they can also excrete mycotoxins and exhibit great resistance to high temperatures. Their ascospores easily transfer between [...] Read more.
Soil-borne Neosartorya spp. are the highly resilient sexual reproductive stage (teleomorph) of Aspergillus spp. Fungi of this genus are relevant components of root-associated microbial community, but they can also excrete mycotoxins and exhibit great resistance to high temperatures. Their ascospores easily transfer between soil and crops; thus, Neosartorya poses a danger to horticulture and food production, especially to the postharvest quality of fruits and vegetables. The spores are known to cause spoilage, mainly in raw fruit produce, juices, and pulps, despite undergoing pasteurization. However, these fungi can also participate in carbon transformation and sequestration, as well as plant protection in drought conditions. Many species have been identified and included in the genus, and yet some of them create taxonomical controversy due to their high similarity. This also contributes to Neosartorya spp. being easily mistaken for its anamorph, resulting in uncertain data within many studies. The review discusses also the factors shaping Neosartorya spp.’s resistance to temperature, preservatives, chemicals, and natural plant extracts, as well as presenting novel solutions to problems created by its resilient nature. Full article
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