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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Application 2.0
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Application 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 2143

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Joan Oliva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Research, Emmaus Medical, Inc., Torrance, CA 90503, USA
Interests: stem cells; tissue regeneration; cell therapy; vitrification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last two decades, the scientific and medical communities have focused on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their potential to treat diseases. MSCs can be isolated from many adult tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cords, and dental pulp. MSCs may regenerate tissue through their differentiation potential (myoblast, epithelial cells, neurons, and beta-cells) to lessen inflammatory reactions. They can also be used as anti-cancer therapies and to deliver compounds to targeted organs (nucleic acids, exogenous or endogenous proteins, and drugs). MSCs can be transplanted; alternatively, the vesicles produced by MSCs can be injected. Great efforts are still required to improve the therapeutical properties of MSCs in order to decrease their variability among studies and to improve the outcomes.

This Special Issue will accept original research articles, reviews, and methods from leading scientists and clinicians around the world who are studying and developing MSC-based therapies. The topics of submissions should focus on the therapeutic applications of MSCs, including, but not limited to, the following: cell/gene therapy, exosomes and extracellular vesicles, mechanisms of action, bioprinting, GM manufacturing, and regulatory guidelines.

Dr. Joan Oliva
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • regenerating tissue
  • anti-cancer therapies
  • therapeutic applications

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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28 pages, 12636 KiB  
Article
The Immunoregulatory and Regenerative Potential of Activated Human Stem Cell Secretome Mitigates Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure in a Rat Model
by Barbara Cuadra, Veronica Silva, Ya-Lin Huang, Yael Diaz, Claudio Rivas, Cristobal Molina, Valeska Simon, Maria Rosa Bono, Bernardo Morales, Mario Rosemblatt, Sebastian Silva, Rodrigo Acuña, Fernando Ezquer and Marcelo Ezquer
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(4), 2073; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042073 - 08 Feb 2024
Viewed by 817
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome marked by sudden liver function decline and multiorgan failure, predominantly acute kidney injury (AKY), in patients with chronic liver disease. Unregulated inflammation is a hallmark of ACLF; however, the key drivers of ACLF are not fully [...] Read more.
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a syndrome marked by sudden liver function decline and multiorgan failure, predominantly acute kidney injury (AKY), in patients with chronic liver disease. Unregulated inflammation is a hallmark of ACLF; however, the key drivers of ACLF are not fully understood. This study explores the therapeutic properties of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) secretome, particularly focusing on its enhanced anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative properties after the in vitro preconditioning of the cells. We evaluated the efficacy of the systemic administration of MSC secretome in preventing liver failure and AKI in a rat ACLF model where chronic liver disease was induced using by the administration of porcine serum, followed by D-galN/LPS administration to induce acute failure. After ACLF induction, animals were treated with saline (ACLF group) or MSC-derived secretome (ACLF-secretome group). The study revealed that MSC-secretome administration strongly reduced liver histological damage in the ACLF group, which was correlated with higher hepatocyte proliferation, increased hepatic and systemic anti-inflammatory molecule levels, and reduced neutrophil and macrophage infiltration. Additionally, renal examination revealed that MSC-secretome treatment mitigated tubular injuries, reduced apoptosis, and downregulated injury markers. These improvements were linked to increased survival rates in the ACLF-secretome group, endorsing MSC secretomes as a promising therapy for multiorgan failure in ACLF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Application 2.0)
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20 pages, 5280 KiB  
Article
Stem Cells Derived from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Functional Assessment: Exploring the Changes of Free Fatty Acids Composition during Cultivation
by Alexandra Ivan, Mirabela I. Cristea, Ada Telea, Camelia Oprean, Atena Galuscan, Calin A. Tatu and Virgil Paunescu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(24), 17249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242417249 - 08 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 770
Abstract
The metabolic regulation of stemness is widely recognized as a crucial factor in determining the fate of stem cells. When transferred to a stimulating and nutrient-rich environment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo rapid proliferation, accompanied by a change in protein expression and a [...] Read more.
The metabolic regulation of stemness is widely recognized as a crucial factor in determining the fate of stem cells. When transferred to a stimulating and nutrient-rich environment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) undergo rapid proliferation, accompanied by a change in protein expression and a significant reconfiguration of central energy metabolism. This metabolic shift, from quiescence to metabolically active cells, can lead to an increase in the proportion of senescent cells and limit their regenerative potential. In this study, MSCs from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) were isolated and expanded in vitro for up to 10 passages. Immunophenotypic analysis, growth kinetics, in vitro plasticity, fatty acid content, and autophagic capacity were assessed throughout cultivation to evaluate the functional characteristics of SHEDs. Our findings revealed that SHEDs exhibit distinctive patterns of cell surface marker expression, possess high self-renewal capacity, and have a unique potential for neurogenic differentiation. Aged SHEDs exhibited lower proliferation rates, reduced potential for chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, an increasing capacity for adipogenic differentiation, and decreased autophagic potential. Prolonged cultivation of SHEDs resulted in changes in fatty acid composition, signaling a transition from anti-inflammatory to proinflammatory pathways. This underscores the intricate connection between metabolic regulation, stemness, and aging, crucial for optimizing therapeutic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Application 2.0)
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Review

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15 pages, 958 KiB  
Review
Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in the Treatment of Lung Fibrosis
by Carl Randall Harrell, Valentin Djonov, Ana Volarevic, Aleksandar Arsenijevic and Vladislav Volarevic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4378; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084378 - 16 Apr 2024
Viewed by 267
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles which contain various MSC-sourced anti-fibrotic, immunoregulatory and angio-modulatory proteins (growth factors, immunoregulatory cytokines, chemokines), lipids, and nucleic acids (messenger RNA and microRNAs). Due to their lipid envelope, MSC-Exos easily by-pass all barriers in the [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles which contain various MSC-sourced anti-fibrotic, immunoregulatory and angio-modulatory proteins (growth factors, immunoregulatory cytokines, chemokines), lipids, and nucleic acids (messenger RNA and microRNAs). Due to their lipid envelope, MSC-Exos easily by-pass all barriers in the body and deliver their cargo directly in target cells, modulating their viability, proliferation, phenotype and function. The results obtained in recently published experimental studies demonstrated beneficial effects of MSC-Exos in the treatment of lung fibrosis. MSC-Exos reduced activation of fibroblasts and prevented their differentiation in myofibroblasts. By delivering MSC-sourced immunoregulatory factors in lung-infiltrated monocytes and T cells, MSC-Exos modulate their function, alleviating on-going inflammation and fibrosis. MSC-Exos may also serve as vehicles for the target delivery of anti-fibrotic and immunomodulatory agents, enabling enhanced attenuation of lung fibrosis. Although numerous pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, there are several challenges that currently hinder their clinical implementation. Therefore, in this review article, we summarized current knowledge and we discussed future perspectives regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms which were responsible for the anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties of MSC-Exos, paving the way for their clinical use in the treatment of lung fibrosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Therapeutic Application 2.0)
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