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Plant Metabolites and Their Reprogramming for Plant Tolerance under Environmental Stress 2.0

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 11671

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for Genomics of Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance (IGCAST), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Interests: plants; environmental stress; signaling molecules; transcription factors; gene identification and analysis; gene regulatory network; signal transduction
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Guest Editor
Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
Interests: functional foods; metabolite-mediated signalling; metabolomics; nutraceuticals; primary and secondary metabolites; polysaccharides; seaweeds biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Environmental stresses negatively impact plant growth and development and reduce crop yields, which compromises the food supply for the ever-growing world population. Environmental stresses, including salinity, drought, flooding, extreme temperatures, nutrient deficiency, and excessive heavy metals are major constraints that affect plant development, growth, and reproduction, posing serious threats to plant life. Plant metabolites, including primary and secondary metabolites, are important compounds of plant development and are going through reprogramming in plant responses to stresses. Mass-spectrometry-based tools have been the most extensively used in plant metabolomics applications to explore the molecular and biochemical mechanisms that underlie plant acclimatizations to changing environments. Plants respond to abiotic stresses by altering several aspects, including gene expression and the contents of primary and secondary metabolites. These multifaceted changes enable plants to adapt to and tolerate adverse circumstances. Priming compounds, such as natural metabolites or synthetic compounds, have shown an excellent opportunity to increase environmental stress tolerance in various plants (agricultural crops and medicinal plants, etc.) without modification of their genome. Growing evidence has indicated the importance of metabolic reprogramming and priming to enhance abiotic stress tolerance in a wide range of important crops. 

This Special Issue aims to collect scientific contributions that can provide more insights into metabolic adjustments and their regulations in plants. Characterization of the metabolite composition in plants grown under environmental stress conditions can help us to decipher the innovative metabolic signaling pathways. The utilization of metabolite priming as protectants to enhance environmental stress tolerance in plants is extremely promising.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of reviews and original research articles or communications on topics related to plant metabolites, plant priming, and their metabolic reprogramming under environmental stresses.

Prof. Dr. Lam-Son Phan Tran
Dr. Manish Kumar Patel
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • environmental stresses, including salinity, drought, flooding, extreme temperatures, nutrient deficiency, and excessive heavy metals
  • combinations of environmental stresses
  • chemo-diversity of plant metabolomics (primary and secondary metabolites)
  • crop plants, medicinal plants, halophytes, algae, and seaweeds
  • mass spectrometry
  • metabolites priming and its reprogramming
  • signaling networks of metabolites

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 5635 KiB  
Article
Blue Light Regulates Cell Wall Structure and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Soybean Hypocotyl
by Chang Wang, Yu Chen, Can Cui, Fuxin Shan, Rui Zhang, Xiaochen Lyu, Lin Lyu, Hanwen Chang, Chao Yan and Chunmei Ma
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021017 - 05 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2878
Abstract
Soybean stem elongation and thickening are related to cell wall composition. Plant morphogenesis can be influenced by blue light, which can regulate cell wall structure and composition, and affect stem growth and development. Here, using proteomics and metabolomics, differentially expressed proteins and metabolites [...] Read more.
Soybean stem elongation and thickening are related to cell wall composition. Plant morphogenesis can be influenced by blue light, which can regulate cell wall structure and composition, and affect stem growth and development. Here, using proteomics and metabolomics, differentially expressed proteins and metabolites of hypocotyls grown in the dark and under blue light were studied to clarify the effects of blue light on the cell wall structure and carbohydrate metabolism pathway of soybean hypocotyls. Results showed that 1120 differential proteins were upregulated and 797 differential proteins were downregulated under blue light treatment, while 63 differential metabolites were upregulated and 36 differential metabolites were downregulated. Blue light promoted the establishment of cell wall structure and composition by regulating the expression of both the enzymes and metabolites related to cell wall structural composition and nonstructural carbohydrates. Thus, under blue light, the cross-sectional area of the hypocotyl and xylem were larger, the longitudinal length of pith cells was smaller, elongation of the soybean hypocotyl was inhibited, and diameter was increased. Full article
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25 pages, 4349 KiB  
Article
Protective Strategies of Haberlea rhodopensis for Acquisition of Freezing Tolerance: Interaction between Dehydration and Low Temperature
by Katya Georgieva, Gergana Mihailova, Beatriz Fernández-Marín, Gianpaolo Bertazza, Annalisa Govoni, Miren Irati Arzac, José Manuel Laza, José Luis Vilas, José Ignacio García-Plazaola and Francesca Rapparini
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 15050; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232315050 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1370
Abstract
Resurrection plants are able to deal with complete dehydration of their leaves and then recover normal metabolic activity after rehydration. Only a few resurrection species are exposed to freezing temperatures in their natural environments, making them interesting models to study the key metabolic [...] Read more.
Resurrection plants are able to deal with complete dehydration of their leaves and then recover normal metabolic activity after rehydration. Only a few resurrection species are exposed to freezing temperatures in their natural environments, making them interesting models to study the key metabolic adjustments of freezing tolerances. Here, we investigate the effect of cold and freezing temperatures on physiological and biochemical changes in the leaves of Haberlea rhodopensis under natural and controlled environmental conditions. Our data shows that leaf water content affects its thermodynamical properties during vitrification under low temperatures. The changes in membrane lipid composition, accumulation of sugars, and synthesis of stress-induced proteins were significantly activated during the adaptation of H. rhodopensis to both cold and freezing temperatures. In particular, the freezing tolerance of H. rhodopensis relies on a sucrose/hexoses ratio in favor of hexoses during cold acclimation, while there is a shift in favor of sucrose upon exposure to freezing temperatures, especially evident when leaf desiccation is relevant. This pattern was paralleled by an elevated ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids and significant quantitative and compositional changes in stress-induced proteins, namely dehydrins and early light-induced proteins (ELIPs). Taken together, our data indicate that common responses of H. rhodopensis plants to low temperature and desiccation involve the accumulation of sugars and upregulation of dehydrins/ELIP protein expression. Further studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying freezing tolerance (genes and genetic regulatory mechanisms) may help breeders to improve the resistance of crop plants. Full article
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21 pages, 3340 KiB  
Article
Salicylic Acid Enhances Cadmium Tolerance and Reduces Its Shoot Accumulation in Fagopyrum tataricum Seedlings by Promoting Root Cadmium Retention and Mitigating Oxidative Stress
by Siwei Luo, Kaiyi Wang, Zhiqiang Li, Hanhan Li, Jirong Shao and Xuemei Zhu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14746; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314746 - 25 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1547
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination seriously reduces the production and product quality of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), and strategies are urgently needed to mitigate these adverse influences. Herein, we investigated the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on Tartary buckwheat seedlings grown in [...] Read more.
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination seriously reduces the production and product quality of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum), and strategies are urgently needed to mitigate these adverse influences. Herein, we investigated the effect of salicylic acid (SA) on Tartary buckwheat seedlings grown in Cd-contaminated soil in terms of Cd tolerance and accumulation. The results showed that 75–100 µmol L−1 SA treatment enhanced the Cd tolerance of Tartary buckwheat, as reflected by the significant increase in plant height and root and shoot biomass, as well as largely mitigated oxidative stress. Moreover, 100 µmol L−1 SA considerably reduced the stem and leaf Cd concentration by 60% and 47%, respectively, which is a consequence of increased root biomass and root Cd retention with promoted Cd partitioning into cell wall and immobile chemical forms. Transcriptome analysis also revealed the upregulation of the genes responsible for cell wall biosynthesis and antioxidative activities in roots, especially secondary cell wall synthesis. The present study determines that 100 µmol L−1 is the best SA concentration for reducing Cd accumulation and toxicity in Tartary buckwheat and indicates the important role of root in Cd stress in this species. Full article
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21 pages, 5434 KiB  
Article
Cia Zeaxanthin Biosynthesis, OsZEP and OsVDE Regulate Striped Leaves Occurring in Response to Deep Transplanting of Rice
by Qianyi Hao, Guangwang Zhang, Xilong Zuo, Ying He and Hanlai Zeng
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8340; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158340 - 28 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1529
Abstract
The rice leaf color mutant B03S was previously generated from the photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) rice line Efeng 1S, of which male sterility manifests by photoperiod and temperature but exhibits mainly temperature-sensitive characteristics. After these plants were deeply transplanted, the [...] Read more.
The rice leaf color mutant B03S was previously generated from the photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) rice line Efeng 1S, of which male sterility manifests by photoperiod and temperature but exhibits mainly temperature-sensitive characteristics. After these plants were deeply transplanted, the new leaves manifested typical zebra stripe patterns. Here, B03S was subjected to deep and shallow transplanting, shading with soil and aluminum foil, and control conditions in situ to determine the cause of the striped-leaf trait. The direct cause of striped leaves is the base of the leaf sheath being under darkness during deep transplanting, of which the critical shading range reached or exceeds 4 cm above the base. Moreover, typical striped leaves were analyzed based on the targeted metabolome method by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) combined with transcriptome and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based verification to clarify the metabolic pathways and transcriptional regulation involved. Carotenoids enter the xanthophyll cycle, and the metabolites that differentially accumulate in the striped leaves include zeaxanthin and its derivatives for photooxidative stress protection, driven by the upregulated expression of OsZEP. These findings improve the understanding of the physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying the leaf color mutation in rice plants, enrich the theoretical foundation of the nonuniform leaf color phenomenon widely found in nature and highlight key advancements concerning rice production involving the transplanting of seedlings or direct broadcasting of seeds. Full article
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13 pages, 2444 KiB  
Article
Ethylene Inhibits Anthocyanin Biosynthesis by Repressing the R2R3-MYB Regulator SlAN2-like in Tomato
by Yulian Xu, Xiaoxi Liu, Yinggemei Huang, Zhilei Xia, Zilin Lian, Lijuan Qian, Shuangshuang Yan, Bihao Cao and Zhengkun Qiu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(14), 7648; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147648 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2301
Abstract
Fruit ripening is usually accompanied by anthocyanin accumulation. Ethylene is key in ripening-induced anthocyanin production in many fruits. However, the effects of fruit ripening and ethylene on anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple tomato fruits are unclear. This study shows that bagged fruits of the [...] Read more.
Fruit ripening is usually accompanied by anthocyanin accumulation. Ethylene is key in ripening-induced anthocyanin production in many fruits. However, the effects of fruit ripening and ethylene on anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple tomato fruits are unclear. This study shows that bagged fruits of the purple tomato cultivar ‘Indigo Rose’ failed to produce anthocyanins at the red ripening stage after bag removal. In contrast, the bagged immature fruits accumulated a significant amount of anthocyanins after removing the bags. The transcriptomic analyses between immature and red ripening fruit before and after bag removal revealed that anthocyanin-related genes, including the key positive R2R3-MYB regulator SlAN2-like, were repressed in the red ripening fruit. The 86 identified transcription factors, including 13 AP2/ERF, 7 bZIP, 8 bHLH and 6 MYB, showed significantly different expressions between immature and red ripening fruits. Moreover, subjecting bagged immature fruits to exogenous ethylene treatment significantly inhibited anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of anthocyanin-related genes, including the anthocyanin structure genes and SlAN2-like. Thus, ethylene inhibits anthocyanin biosynthesis by repressing the transcription of SlAN2-like and other anthocyanin-related genes. These findings provide new insights into anthocyanin regulation in purple tomato fruit. Full article
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Review

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20 pages, 6629 KiB  
Review
Phosphoribosyltransferases and Their Roles in Plant Development and Abiotic Stress Response
by Ye Liu, Peiwen Wu, Bowen Li, Weihao Wang and Benzhong Zhu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11828; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411828 - 23 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1268
Abstract
Glycosylation is a widespread glycosyl modification that regulates gene expression and metabolite bioactivity in all life processes of plants. Phosphoribosylation is a special glycosyl modification catalyzed by phosphoribosyltransferase (PRTase), which functions as a key step in the biosynthesis pathway of purine and pyrimidine [...] Read more.
Glycosylation is a widespread glycosyl modification that regulates gene expression and metabolite bioactivity in all life processes of plants. Phosphoribosylation is a special glycosyl modification catalyzed by phosphoribosyltransferase (PRTase), which functions as a key step in the biosynthesis pathway of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, histidine, tryptophan, and coenzyme NAD(P)+ to control the production of these essential metabolites. Studies in the past decades have reported that PRTases are indispensable for plant survival and thriving, whereas the complicated physiological role of PRTases in plant life and their crosstalk is not well understood. Here, we comprehensively overview and critically discuss the recent findings on PRTases, including their classification, as well as the function and crosstalk in regulating plant development, abiotic stress response, and the balance of growth and stress responses. This review aims to increase the understanding of the role of plant PRTase and also contribute to future research on the trade-off between plant growth and stress response. Full article
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