Research

Jump to: Review

13 pages, 3120 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Leuconostoc Citreum Inhibits Adipogenesis and Lipogenesis by Inhibiting p38 MAPK/Erk 44/42 and Stimulating AMPKα Signaling Pathways

by Hyo-Shim Han, Ilavenil Soundharrajan, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Dahye Kim and Ki-Choon Choi

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7367; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087367 - 17 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1283

Abstract

Probiotics provide a range of health benefits. Several studies have shown that using probiotics in obesity treatment can reduce bodyweight. However, such treatments are still restricted. Leuconostoc citreum, an epiphytic bacterium, is widely used in a variety of biological applications. However, few [...] Read more.

Probiotics provide a range of health benefits. Several studies have shown that using probiotics in obesity treatment can reduce bodyweight. However, such treatments are still restricted. Leuconostoc citreum, an epiphytic bacterium, is widely used in a variety of biological applications. However, few studies have investigated the role of Leuconostoc spp. in adipocyte differentiation and its molecular mechanisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of cell-free metabolites of L. citreum (LSC) on adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that LSC treatment reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets and expression levels of CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein-α & β (C/EBP-α & β), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), serum regulatory binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), resistin, pp38MAPK, and pErk 44/42. However, compared to control cells, adiponectin, an insulin sensitizer, was elevated in adipocytes treated with LSC. In addition, LSC treatment increased lipolysis by increasing pAMPK-α and suppressing FAS, ACC, and PPAR-γ expression, similarly to the effects of AICAR, an AMPK agonist. In conclusion, L. citreum is a novel probiotic strain that can be used to treat obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2344 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lactobacilli Downregulate Transcription Factors in Helicobacter pylori That Affect Motility, Acid Tolerance and Antimicrobial Peptide Survival

by Fanglei Zuo, Tanvi Somiah, Hanna G. Gebremariam and Ann-Beth Jonsson

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15451; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415451 - 07 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1490

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori infection triggers inflammation that may lead to gastritis, stomach ulcers and cancer. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, have been of interest as treatment options, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of Lactobacillus-mediated inhibition of H. pylori pathogenesis. [...] Read more.

Helicobacter pylori infection triggers inflammation that may lead to gastritis, stomach ulcers and cancer. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, have been of interest as treatment options, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of Lactobacillus-mediated inhibition of H. pylori pathogenesis. In this work, we investigated the effect of Lactobacillus culture supernatants, so-called conditioned medium (CM), from two gastric isolates, L. gasseri and L. oris, on the expression of transcriptional regulators in H. pylori. Among the four known two-component systems (TCSs), i.e., ArsRS, FlgRS, CheAY and CrdRS, the flagellar regulator gene flgR and the acid resistance associated arsS gene were down-regulated by L. gasseri CM, whereas expression of the other TCS-genes remained unaffected. L. gasseri CM also reduced the motility of H. pylori, which is in line with reduced flgR expression. Furthermore, among six transcription factors of H. pylori only the ferric uptake regulator gene fur was regulated by L. gasseri CM. Deletion of fur further led to dramatically increased sensitivity to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Taken together, the results highlight that released/secreted factors of some lactobacilli, but not all, downregulate transcriptional regulators involved in motility, acid tolerance and LL-37 sensitivity of H. pylori. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 4898 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Immunomodulatory Effect of Spore-Displayed p75 on Human Intestinal Epithelial Caco-2 Cells

by Soo-Ji Kang, Ji-Su Jun and Kwang-Won Hong

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(23), 14519; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314519 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1531

Abstract

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can promote intestinal health by modulating the immune responses of the gastrointestinal tract. However, knowledge about the immunomodulatory action of LGG-derived soluble factors is limited. In our previous study, we have displayed LGG-derived p75 protein on the spore surface [...] Read more.

Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can promote intestinal health by modulating the immune responses of the gastrointestinal tract. However, knowledge about the immunomodulatory action of LGG-derived soluble factors is limited. In our previous study, we have displayed LGG-derived p75 protein on the spore surface of Bacillus subtilis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of spore-displayed p75 (CotG-p75) on immune system by investigating transcriptional response of Caco-2 cells stimulated by CotG-p75 through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). RNA-seq results showed that CotG-p75 mainly stimulated genes involved in biological processes, such as response to stimulus, immune regulation, and chemotaxis. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that many genes activated by CotG-p75 were involved in NF-ĸB signaling and chemokine signaling pathways. CotG-p75 increased cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL8, CXCL10, CCL20, CCL22, and IL1B essential for the immune system. In particular, CotG-p75 increased the expression levels of NF-ĸB-related genes such as NFKBIA, TNFAIP3, BIRC3, NFKB2, and RELB involved in immune and inflammatory responses. This study provides genes and pathways involved in immune responses influenced by CotG-p75. These comprehensive transcriptome profiling could be used to elucidate the immunomodulatory action of CotG-p75. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2087 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microbiota and Serum Metabolic Profile Changes in Korean Native Hanwoo Steer in Response to Diet Feeding Systems

by Jeong Sung Jung, Ilavenil Soundharrajan, Dahye Kim, Myunggi Baik, Seungmin Ha and Ki Choon Choi

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12391; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012391 - 16 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1800

Abstract

The diversity of bacteria and their function in cattle gastrointestinal tracts can influence animal welfare. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to investigate microbial diversity in the feces of Hanwoo steers reared under natural grazing (GS) and housing (HS) systems. Additionally, serum metabolic parameters, [...] Read more.

The diversity of bacteria and their function in cattle gastrointestinal tracts can influence animal welfare. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to investigate microbial diversity in the feces of Hanwoo steers reared under natural grazing (GS) and housing (HS) systems. Additionally, serum metabolic parameters, such as liver and kidney markers and mineral and lipid content changes, as well as their correlation with pyrotags, were studied. A total of 6468 ± 87.86 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in both steer groups, of which 3538 ± 38.17 OTUs were from grazing steer and 2930 ± 94.06 OTUs were from GS. Chao1 index analysis revealed a higher bacterial richness in GS. The dominant bacterial taxa were Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. GS showed lower Bacteroidetes and higher Firmicutes abundance than HS. The serum of HS showed consistent increases in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γGTP), glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (T-CHO), and triglyceride (TG) levels. The impact of GS on animal health and serum metabolic markers was strongly correlated with microbiota. As shown in this study, grazing has a significant impact on the fecal microbiota at the phylum and family levels, as well as the serum biochemical metabolites of Hanwoo steers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 3410 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights into the Metabolic Response of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM1287 upon Patulin Exposure

by Chaozhi Wei, Chuan Zhang, Yuhang Gao, Leilei Yu, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Wei Chen and Fengwei Tian

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11652; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911652 - 01 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1305

Abstract

Patulin (PAT) is a common mycotoxin in the food industry, and is found in apple products in particular. Consumption of food or feed contaminated with PAT can cause acute or chronic toxicity in humans and animals. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM1287 is a probiotic strain [...] Read more.

Patulin (PAT) is a common mycotoxin in the food industry, and is found in apple products in particular. Consumption of food or feed contaminated with PAT can cause acute or chronic toxicity in humans and animals. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CCFM1287 is a probiotic strain that effectively degrades PAT in PBS and food systems. In this study, it was found that the concentration of PAT (50 mg/L) in MRS medium decreased by 85.09% during the first stages of CCFM1287 growth, and this change was consistent with the first-order degradation kinetic model. Meanwhile, the regulation of oxidative stress by L. plantarum CCFM1287 in response to PAT exposure and metabolic changes that occur during PAT degradation were investigated. The degree of intracellular damage was attenuated after 16 h of exposure compared to 8 h. Meanwhile, metabolomic data showed that 30 and 29 significantly different metabolites were screened intracellularly in the strain after 8 h and 16 h of PAT stress at 50 mg/L, respectively. The results of pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the purine metabolic pathway was significantly enriched at both 8 h and 16 h. However, as is consistent with the performance of the antioxidant system, the changes in Lactiplantibacillus diminished with increasing time of PAT exposure. Therefore, this study helps to further explain the mechanism of PAT degradation by L. plantarum CCFM1287. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2478 KiB

Open AccessArticle

LACpG10-HL Functions Effectively in Antibiotic-Free and Healthy Husbandry by Improving the Innate Immunity

by Weixiong Pan, Zengjue Zhao, Jiahui Wu, Qin Fan, Haobin Huang, Rongxiao He, Haokun Shen, Zitong Zhao, Saixiang Feng, Guanhua Gan, Zhiyang Chen, Miaopeng Ma, Chongjun Sun and Linghua Zhang

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(19), 11466; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911466 - 28 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1388

Abstract

Antibiotics are broadly restricted in modern husbandry farming, necessitating the need for efficient and low-cost immunomodulatory preparations in antibiotic-free and healthful farming. As is known to all, CpG oligonucleotides (CpG-ODNs, an effective innate immunostimulatory agent) recognized by TLR9 in mammals (while TLR21 in [...] Read more.

Antibiotics are broadly restricted in modern husbandry farming, necessitating the need for efficient and low-cost immunomodulatory preparations in antibiotic-free and healthful farming. As is known to all, CpG oligonucleotides (CpG-ODNs, an effective innate immunostimulatory agent) recognized by TLR9 in mammals (while TLR21 in avians) could collaborate with some united agent to induce stronger immune responses, but the cost is prohibitively expensive for farmers. Here, considering the coordination between TLR2 and TLR9/TLR21, we firstly proposed the idea that the well-fermented Lactococcus lactis could be utilized as a CpG-plasmid carrier (LACpG10) to enhance the host’s innate immunity against pathogenic invasion. In the present study, after obtaining LACpG10-HL from homogenized and lyophilized recombinant strain LACpG10, we treated primary chicken lymphocytes, two cell lines (HD11 and IPEC-J2), and chickens with LACpG10-HL, CpG plasmids (pNZ8148-CpG10), and other stimulants, and respectively confirmed the effects by conducting qRT-PCR, bacterial infection assays, and a zoological experiment. Our data showed that LACpG10-HL could induce excellent innate immunity by regulating autophagy reactions, cytokine expression, and motivating PRRs. Interestingly, despite having no direct antiseptic effect, LACpG10-HL improved the antibacterial capacities of lymphocytes and enterocytes at the first line of defense. Most importantly, water-supplied LACpG10-HL treatment reduced the average adverse event rates, demonstrating that LACpG10-HL maintained its excellent immunostimulatory and protective properties under farming conditions. Our research not only contributes to revealing the satisfactory effects of LACpG10-HL but also sheds new light on a cost-effective solution with optimal immune effects in green, antibiotic-free, and healthful husbandry farming. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 2138 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Engineering of Leuconostoc citreum for Efficient Bioconversion of Soy Isoflavone Glycosides to Their Aglycone Forms

by Jaewoo Son and Ki Jun Jeong

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 9568; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179568 - 24 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1587

Abstract

Soy isoflavones are phytochemicals that possess various beneficial physiological properties such as anti-aging, anti-tumor, and antioxidant properties. Since soy isoflavones exist in glycoside forms, their bioavailability requires initial hydrolysis of the sugar moieties bound to them to be efficiently absorbed through the gut [...] Read more.

Soy isoflavones are phytochemicals that possess various beneficial physiological properties such as anti-aging, anti-tumor, and antioxidant properties. Since soy isoflavones exist in glycoside forms, their bioavailability requires initial hydrolysis of the sugar moieties bound to them to be efficiently absorbed through the gut epithelium. Instead of conventional chemical hydrolysis using acids or organic solvents, alternative strategies for enhancing the bioavailability of soy isoflavones using biological methods are gaining attention. Here, we engineered Leuconostoc citreum isolated from Korean kimchi for efficient bioconversion of soy isoflavone glycosides into their aglycone forms to enhance their bioavailability. We first constructed an expression module based on the isoflavone hydrolase (IH)-encoding gene of Bifidobacterium lactis, which mediates conversion of isoflavone glycosides to aglycone forms. Using a high copy number plasmid and bicistronic expression design, the IH was successfully synthesized in L. citreum. Additionally, we determined enzymatic activity of the IH using an in vivo β-glucosidase assay and confirmed its highly efficient bioconversion efficiency for various types of isoflavone glycosides. Finally, we successfully demonstrated that the engineered L. citreum could convert isoflavone glycosides present in fermented soymilk into aglycones. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 3474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Safety and Ochratoxin A Degradation Capacity of Pediococcus pentosaceus as a Dietary Probiotic with Molecular Docking Approach and Pharmacokinetic Toxicity Assessment

by Sungkwon Park, Jinsu Koo, Bosung Kim, Karthika Pushparaj, Arunkumar Malaisamy, Wen-Chao Liu and Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9062; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169062 - 13 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1919

Abstract

The present study evaluated the properties and ochratoxin A (OTA) degradation capacity of the dietary probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus BalaMMB-P3, isolated from a milk coagulant. The acidic tolerance of the isolate at pH 2–3 was checked with bile salts. No hemolytic activity was noted, [...] Read more.

The present study evaluated the properties and ochratoxin A (OTA) degradation capacity of the dietary probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus BalaMMB-P3, isolated from a milk coagulant. The acidic tolerance of the isolate at pH 2–3 was checked with bile salts. No hemolytic activity was noted, which confirmed the nonpathogenicity of the strain. The isolate was tested in vitro for antibiotic susceptibility, enzymatic activity, bile salts hydrolase activity and antifungal activity against Penicillium verrucosum, Fusarium graminearum and Aspergillus ochraceus. A molecular docking-based OTA toxicity assessment was carried out for multitargeted proteins. The 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic assessment identified the strain as P. pentosaceus, and was authenticated in GenBank. The carboxylesterase and glutathione s-transferase enzymes showed active and strong interactions with esters and amide bonds, respectively. The compound exhibited carcinogenic and cytotoxicity effects at an LD₅₀ value of 20 mg/kg. Furthermore, the strain showed a potent ability to reduce OTA and suggested the prospects for utilization in nutritional aspects of food. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 2292 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Transcriptomic Response to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-KCC48 against High-Fat Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Diseases in Mice

by Ilavenil Soundharrajan, Muthusamy Karnan, Jeong-Sung Jung, Kyung-Dong Lee, Jeong-Chae Lee, Thiyagarajan Ramesh, Dahye Kim and Ki-Choon Choi

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(12), 6750; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23126750 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1791

Abstract

The most prevalent chronic liver disorder in the world is fatty liver disease caused by a high-fat diet. We examined the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-KCC48 on high-fat diet-induced (HFD) fatty liver disease in mice. We used the transcriptome tool to perform a [...] Read more.

The most prevalent chronic liver disorder in the world is fatty liver disease caused by a high-fat diet. We examined the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-KCC48 on high-fat diet-induced (HFD) fatty liver disease in mice. We used the transcriptome tool to perform a systematic evaluation of hepatic mRNA transcripts changes in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed animals and high-fat diet with L. plantarum (HFLPD)-fed animals. HFD causes fatty liver diseases in animals, as evidenced by an increase in TG content in liver tissues compared to control animals. Based on transcriptome data, 145 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the liver of HFD-fed mice compared to control mice. Moreover, 61 genes were differentially expressed in the liver of mice fed the HFLPD compared to mice fed the HFD. Additionally, 43 common DEGs were identified between HFD and HFLPD. These genes were enriched in metabolic processes, retinol metabolism, the PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid degradation, arachidonic metabolism, and steroid hormone synthesis. Taking these data into consideration, it can be concluded that L. plantarum-KCC48 treatment significantly regulates the expression of genes involved in hepatosteatosis caused by HFD, which may prevent fatty liver disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 4089 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Ameliorative Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 Lysate on 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Differentiation via AMPK Activation and MAPK Inhibition

by Jong-Yeon Kim, Eun-Jung Park and Hae-Jeung Lee

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(11), 5901; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23115901 - 24 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2602

Abstract

Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 has been shown to effectively treat metabolic diseases. However, the precise pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of L. plantarum HAC01 remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the anti-adipogenic effects of L. plantarum HAC01 lysate and its associated mechanism of [...] Read more.

Lactobacillus plantarum HAC01 has been shown to effectively treat metabolic diseases. However, the precise pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of L. plantarum HAC01 remain unclear. In this study, we investigate the anti-adipogenic effects of L. plantarum HAC01 lysate and its associated mechanism of action. To induce lipid accumulation, 3T3-L1 cells were incubated in differentiation media with or without L. plantarum HAC01 lysate. Our results show that L. plantarum HAC01 lysate treatment not only reduced lipid accumulation during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, but also decreased the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic genes involved in lipid metabolism in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, L. plantarum HAC01 lysate inhibited CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) beta within 4 h of differentiation induction and inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, C/EBP alpha, and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins within 2 d. Moreover, treatment with L. plantarum HAC01 lysate increased the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, an important regulator of energy metabolism, and decreased the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. These results indicate that L. plantarum HAC01 lysate may have anti-adipogenic effects and support its potential as a useful agent for the treatment of obesity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 3204 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Bacillus ginsengihumi CMRO6 Inhibits Adipogenesis via p38MAPK/Erk44/42 and Stimulates Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes through Akt/AS160 Signaling

by Kyung Dong Lee, Soundharrajan Ilavenil, Muthusamy Karnan, Chul-Ju Yang, Dahye Kim and Ki Choon Choi

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(9), 4727; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094727 - 25 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2054

Abstract

The health benefits of probiotics have been known for decades, but there has only been limited use of probiotics in the treatment of obesity. In this study, we describe, for the first time, the role of cell-free metabolites (CM) from Bacillus ginsengihumi-RO6 [...] Read more.

The health benefits of probiotics have been known for decades, but there has only been limited use of probiotics in the treatment of obesity. In this study, we describe, for the first time, the role of cell-free metabolites (CM) from Bacillus ginsengihumi-RO6 (CMRO6) in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. The experimental results show that CMRO6 treatment effectively reduced lipid droplet accumulation and the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and β (C/EBPα and C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), serum regulatory binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), phosphorylated p38MAPK, and Erk44/42. Additionally, CMRO6 treatment significantly increased glucose uptake and phosphorylated Akt (S473), AS160, and TBC1D1 protein expressions. Considering the results of this study, B. ginsengihumi may be a novel probiotic used for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

15 pages, 1743 KiB

Open AccessReview

Development and Applications of CRISPR/Cas9-Based Genome Editing in Lactobacillus

by Yulin Mu, Chengxiao Zhang, Taihua Li, Feng-Jie Jin, Yun-Ju Sung, Hee-Mock Oh, Hyung-Gwan Lee and Long Jin

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(21), 12852; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232112852 - 25 Oct 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 6071

Abstract

Lactobacillus, a genus of lactic acid bacteria, plays a crucial function in food production preservation, and probiotics. It is particularly important to develop new Lactobacillus strains with superior performance by gene editing. Currently, the identification of its functional genes and the mining [...] Read more.

Lactobacillus, a genus of lactic acid bacteria, plays a crucial function in food production preservation, and probiotics. It is particularly important to develop new Lactobacillus strains with superior performance by gene editing. Currently, the identification of its functional genes and the mining of excellent functional genes mainly rely on the traditional gene homologous recombination technology. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing is a rapidly developing technology in recent years. It has been widely applied in mammalian cells, plants, yeast, and other eukaryotes, but less in prokaryotes, especially Lactobacillus. Compared with the traditional strain improvement methods, CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing can greatly improve the accuracy of Lactobacillus target sites and achieve traceless genome modification. The strains obtained by this technology may even be more efficient than the traditional random mutation methods. This review examines the application and current issues of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in Lactobacillus, as well as the development trend of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in Lactobacillus. In addition, the fundamental mechanisms of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing are also presented and summarized. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1009 KiB

Open AccessReview

Use of the Probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis HN019 in Oral Diseases

by Lisa Danielly Curcino Araujo, Flávia Aparecida Chaves Furlaneto, Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva and Yvonne L. Kapila

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(16), 9334; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23169334 - 19 Aug 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3843

Abstract

The oral cavity is one of the environments on the human body with the highest concentrations of microorganisms that coexist harmoniously and maintain homeostasis related to oral health. Several local factors can shift the microbiome to a pathogenic state of dysbiosis. Existing treatments [...] Read more.

The oral cavity is one of the environments on the human body with the highest concentrations of microorganisms that coexist harmoniously and maintain homeostasis related to oral health. Several local factors can shift the microbiome to a pathogenic state of dysbiosis. Existing treatments for infections caused by changes in the oral cavity aim to control biofilm dysbiosis and restore microbial balance. Studies have used probiotics as treatments for oral diseases, due to their ability to reduce the pathogenicity of the microbiota and immunoinflammatory changes. This review investigates the role of the probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. lactis) HN019 in oral health, and its mechanism of action in pre-clinical and clinical studies. This probiotic strain is a lactic acid bacterium that is safe for human consumption. It mediates bacterial co-aggregation with pathogens and modulates the immune response. Studies using B. lactis HN019 in periodontitis and peri-implant mucositis have shown it to be a potential adjuvant treatment with beneficial microbiological and immunological effects. Studies evaluating its oral effects and mechanism of action show that this probiotic strain has the potential to be used in several dental applications because of its benefit to the host. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1468 KiB

Open AccessReview

Application of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) in Sustainable Agriculture: Advantages and Limitations

by Jegadeesh Raman, Jeong-Seon Kim, Kyeong Rok Choi, Hyunmin Eun, Dongsoo Yang, Young-Joon Ko and Soo-Jin Kim

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(14), 7784; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147784 - 14 Jul 2022

Cited by 50 | Viewed by 11585

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are significant groups of probiotic organisms in fermented food and are generally considered safe. LAB regulate soil organic matter and the biochemical cycle, detoxify hazardous chemicals, and enhance plant health. They are found in decomposing plants, traditional fermented milk [...] Read more.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are significant groups of probiotic organisms in fermented food and are generally considered safe. LAB regulate soil organic matter and the biochemical cycle, detoxify hazardous chemicals, and enhance plant health. They are found in decomposing plants, traditional fermented milk products, and normal human gastrointestinal and vaginal flora. Exploring LAB identified in unknown niches may lead to isolating unique species. However, their classification is quite complex, and they are adapted to high sugar concentrations and acidic environments. LAB strains are considered promising candidates for sustainable agriculture, and they promote soil health and fertility. Therefore, they have received much attention regarding sustainable agriculture. LAB metabolites promote plant growth and stimulate shoot and root growth. As fertilizers, LAB can promote biodegradation, accelerate the soil organic content, and produce organic acid and bacteriocin metabolites. However, LAB show an antagonistic effect against phytopathogens, inhibiting fungal and bacterial populations in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere. Several studies have proposed the LAB bioremediation efficiency and detoxification of heavy metals and mycotoxins. However, LAB genetic manipulation and metabolic engineered tools provide efficient cell factories tailor-made to produce beneficial industrial and agro-products. This review discusses lactic acid bacteria advantages and limitations in sustainable agricultural development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Studies on Lactic Acid Bacteria and Their Products in Health and Diseases

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (14 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI