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Molecular Mechanisms of Arbovirus-Host-Vector Interaction
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Molecular Mechanisms of Arbovirus-Host-Vector Interaction

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2024 | Viewed by 1604

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Houssam Attoui

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment, Department of Animal Health, UMR1161 Virologie, INRAE-Anses-ENVA, 94700 Maisons-Alort, France
Interests: arboviruses; arthropod vectors; mammalian hosts; innate immunity; orbiviruses; vaccines; virus genetics and reverse genetic; structural biology; genomics; bluetongue virus; virus taxonomy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Peter Mertens

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
One Virology, The Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Research, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
Interests: double stranded RNA viruses; bluetongue virus; orbiviruses; arboviruses; arthropod vector; mammalian hosts; innate immunity; structural biology; vaccines; genomics; virus taxonomy; virus identification technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Arboviruses have evolved multiple ways to combat the defences of both their host and vector species. These mechanisms are essential in order for the virus to replicate successfully and establish productive infections in the cells of two very different groups, vertebrates (hosts) and invertebrates (vectors). The interactions between arboviral pathogens and their hosts, or vectors are emerging as a key area of infectious disease research, affecting the emergence, epidemiology and severity of clinical disease, caused by these increasingly important pathogens.This Special Issue will include scientific papers concerning interdisciplinary research that will add to our existing knowledge concerning arbovirus-host-vector interactions, as well as review articles that summarize state of the art information, providing further insights into the complex interplay within the three-way relationships between the arbovirus, their hosts, and vectors. These publications will include (but are not limited to) studies that enhance our understanding of the structure-function relationships between arboviral and host/vector macromolecules; the evolutionary genetics/genomics of arboviruses; their capacity to overcome host/vector barriers; their use of host-cell pathways to promote their own replication and the mechanisms they use to avoid sensing by cell defences, subverting the immune system in both the mammalian host and the arthropod vector.

Dr. Houssam Attoui
Prof. Dr. Peter Mertens
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • arbovirus
  • vector
  • mammalian hosts
  • innate immunity
  • structural biology
  • structure-function relationships
  • arbovirus-host-vector interactions
  • vaccines
  • genomics

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3050 KiB  
Article
Age- and Sex-Associated Pathogenesis of Cell Culture-Passaged Kemerovo Virus in IFNAR(−/−) Mice
by Camille Victoire Migné, Aurélie Heckmann, Baptiste Monsion, Fauziah Mohd Jaafar, Clémence Galon, Sabine Rakotobe, Lesley Bell-Sakyi, Sara Moutailler and Houssam Attoui
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3177; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063177 - 09 Mar 2024
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Abstract
Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is a tick-borne orbivirus transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Previous animal experimentation studies with orbiviruses, in particular the interferon receptor double knock-out (IFNAR(−/−)) mouse model, did not indicate bias that is related to age or [...] Read more.
Kemerovo virus (KEMV) is a tick-borne orbivirus transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Previous animal experimentation studies with orbiviruses, in particular the interferon receptor double knock-out (IFNAR(−/−)) mouse model, did not indicate bias that is related to age or sex. We endeavoured to assess the effect of serial and alternated passages of KEMV in mammalian or Ixodes cells on virus replication and potential virulence in male or female IFNAR(−/−) mice, with important age differences: younger males (4–5 months old), older males (14–15 months old), and old females (14–15 months old). After 30 serial passages in mammalian or tick cells, or alternated passages in the two cell types, older female mice which were inoculated with the resulting virus strains were the first to show clinical signs and die. Younger males behaved differently from older males whether they were inoculated with the parental strain of KEMV or with any of the cell culture-passaged strains. The groups of male and female mice inoculated with the mammalian cell culture-adapted KEMV showed the lowest viraemia. While older female and younger male mice died by day 6 post-inoculation, surprisingly, the older males survived until the end of the experiment, which lasted 10 days. RNA extracted from blood and organs of the various mice was tested by probe-based KEMV real-time RT-PCR. Ct values of the RNA extracts were comparable between older females and younger males, while the values for older males were >5 Ct units higher for the various organs, indicating lower levels of replication. It is noteworthy that the hearts of the old males were the only organs that were negative for KEMV RNA. These results suggest, for the first time, an intriguing age- and sex-related bias for an orbivirus in this animal model. Changes in the amino acid sequence of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Kemerovo virus, derived from the first serial passage in Ixodes cells (KEMV Ps.IRE1), were identified in the vicinity of the active polymerase site. This finding suggests that selection of a subpopulation of KEMV with better replication fitness in tick cells occurred. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Arbovirus-Host-Vector Interaction)
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12 pages, 1045 KiB  
Article
Cytokine mRNA Expression Profile in Target Organs of IFNAR (-/-) Mice Infected with African Horse Sickness Virus
by Eva Calvo-Pinilla, Luis Jiménez-Cabello, Sergio Utrilla-Trigo, Miguel Illescas-Amo and Javier Ortego
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(4), 2065; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25042065 - 08 Feb 2024
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Abstract
African horse sickness (AHS) is a highly severe disease caused by a viral etiological agent, African horse sickness virus (AHSV). It is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, while sporadic outbreaks have occurred in North Africa, Asia, and Europe, with the most recent cases in [...] Read more.
African horse sickness (AHS) is a highly severe disease caused by a viral etiological agent, African horse sickness virus (AHSV). It is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, while sporadic outbreaks have occurred in North Africa, Asia, and Europe, with the most recent cases in Thailand. AHSV transmission between equines occurs primarily by biting midges of the genus Culicoides, especially C. imicola, with a wide distribution globally. As research in horses is highly restricted due to a variety of factors, small laboratory animal models that reproduce clinical signs and pathology observed in natural infection of AHSV are highly needed. Here, we investigated the expression profile of several pro-inflammatory cytokines in target organs and serum of IFNAR (-/-) mice, to continue characterizing this established animal model and to go deep into the innate immune responses that are still needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Arbovirus-Host-Vector Interaction)
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