International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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Molecular Medicine in Asthma and Allergic Diseases 2.0

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Dear Colleagues,

Allergic diseases and asthma are common, complex, heterogeneous diseases with a wide spectrum of clinical symptoms, essentially due to their multifactorial nature. However, despite the multiple advances on allergen characterization and molecular and cellular bases that underlie these diseases, there are many essential aspects that should be improved at different levels. For example, with the exception of allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) in the case of diagnosis with known allergens, most treatments are indicated to control the disease and not to cure it. Sometimes, the diagnosis and the specific treatments, e.g., for patients who are polyallergic, are not easy; additionally, there are no clear biomarkers to predict or prevent what patients will develop as the most severe, clinical form of the disease.

Advances in molecular and cellular biology and genetic engineering, driven by the new techniques of studies at the genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, metabolomic, etc., levels aided by complex computer analysis systems are allowing for the study of this type of disease to be approached from other perspectives, providing new key tools that could drive new molecular medicine in the future.

In this Special Issue, we invite original articles or reviews that address allergic diseases and asthma, preferably from a molecular perspective, providing new knowledge on diagnostic, prevention, or novelty treatments supported by future molecular medicine applicable to these complex diseases.

Dr. Blanca Cárdaba
Dr. Jose Antonio Cañas Mañas
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Open AccessArticle

The Sensitization Profile for Selected Food Allergens in Polish Children Assessed with the Use of a Precision Allergy Molecular Diagnostic Technique

by Izabela Knyziak-Mędrzycka, Emilia Majsiak, Weronika Gromek, Danuta Kozłowska, Jakub Swadźba, Joanna Beata Bierła, Ryszard Kurzawa and Bożena Cukrowska

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020825 - 09 Jan 2024

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Abstract

Individual populations show a variety of sensitization patterns, which may be associated with the geographic region, climate, dietary habits, or ways of preparing food. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively assess the food allergy sensitization profile in Polish children, particularly to eight food allergens (so-called “the Big 8”): cow milk, eggs, wheat, soybeans, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, and peanuts. To assess the prevalence and serum levels of specific immunoglobulins E (sIgE), we analyzed the results obtained from selected laboratories located in all regions of Poland that used the multiplex ALEX^® test in the period from 2019 to 2022. Results from 3715 children were obtained. The mean age of the study population was 7.0 years. The results were stratified by age: <12 months (3.63%), 1–5 years (39.54%), 6–13 years (46.32%), and 14–18 years (10.0%). The final analysis included the sIgE results obtained with 95 food extracts and 77 food allergen molecules. The highest rates of sIgE to food allergen extracts were found for peanut (29.20%), hazel (28.20%), and apple (23.60%), and those to allergenic molecules were found for the PR-10 family of molecules (Cor a 1.0401 (23.77%), Mal d 1 (22.37%), Ara h 8 (16.93%), and globulin 7/8S (Ara h 1; 15.59%)). The lowest rates of sIgE reactivity to extracts were found for strawberry (0.40%), oregano (0.30%), and thornback ray (0.16%), and those to allergenic molecules were found for Mal d 2 (0.27%) (thaumatin-like protein, TLP), Ani s 1 (0.30%) (Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor), and Che a 1 (0.43%) (Ole e 1 family). The rates of sensitization to storage proteins of the analyzed “the Big 8” molecules decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with age. Conversely, the rates of sensitization to PR-10 family proteins increased significantly with age. The three most common allergens in Poland, regardless of whether IgE was assayed against extracts or molecules of food allergens, were peanut, hazel, and apple (in different order depending on the ranking). A detailed analysis of sensitization to the extracts and molecules of main food allergens based on the results of a multiplex ALEX^® test demonstrated the sensitization profile in Polish children (including molecular sensitization, particularly the “the Big 8” food allergen molecules), which shows considerable differences in comparison with those in other countries. Serum sIgE analysis of children from all regions of Poland revealed a food allergen molecular sensitization profile that changes with age. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Medicine in Asthma and Allergic Diseases 2.0)

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