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Antimicrobial Strategies in Nanomedicine
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Antimicrobial Strategies in Nanomedicine

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Nanoscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 14995

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Horacio Bach

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
Interests: infectious diseases; microbiology; nano medicine; host-pathogen interaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Multidrug-resistant bacteria have surged globally due to the misuse of antibiotics or lack or slow development of conventional antibiotics. This problem has challenged the research community to find alternative antimicrobial agents. The problem is exacerbated because of the uncontrolled use of antibiotics in human and husbandry health. All these factors have contributed to the development of more resistant pathogenic bacteria, which is alarming the health systems. The application of nanomedicine to develop new antimicrobial agents has flourished, and multiple methods have shown a great activity to combat microbial pathogens.

This section accepts original studies or review manuscripts addressing the problem of resistant bacteria and how nanomedicine can contribute to alleviating this growing problem. Studies related to toxicity, immune response, and other bioactivities are welcome. Additionally, nanocomposites combined with antimicrobial peptides or traditional therapies are also accepted.  

Dr. Horacio Bach
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotics
  • pathogenic microorganisms
  • bacteriophages
  • antibacterial peptides
  • antibiotic–nanoparticle combination
  • nanoparticles
  • metals

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3024 KiB  
Article
Application of Silver Nanoparticles to Improve the Antibacterial Activity of Orthodontic Adhesives: An In Vitro Study
by Jesús-David Tristán-López, Nereyda Niño-Martínez, Eleazar-Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca, Nuria Patiño-Marín, Idania De Alba-Montero, Horacio Bach and Gabriel-Alejandro Martínez-Castañón
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(2), 1401; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24021401 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1877
Abstract
There is a significant change in the bacterial plaque populations in the oral cavity during and after orthodontic treatment. Numerous studies have demonstrated that 2–96% of patients could increase the risk of white spot lesions. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli ssp. are responsible for [...] Read more.
There is a significant change in the bacterial plaque populations in the oral cavity during and after orthodontic treatment. Numerous studies have demonstrated that 2–96% of patients could increase the risk of white spot lesions. Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli ssp. are responsible for these white spot lesions. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a diameter of 11 nm and dispersed in water were impregnated onto three different commercial orthodontic adhesives at 535 μg/mL. The shear bond strength (SBS) was assessed on 180 human premolars and metallic brackets. The premolars were divided into six groups (three groups for the commercial adhesives and three groups for the adhesives with AgNPs). All the groups were tested for their bactericidal properties, and their MIC, MBC, and agar template diffusion assays were measured. After adding AgNPs, the SBS was not significantly modified for any adhesive (p > 0.05), and the forces measured during the SBS did not exceed the threshold of 6 to 8 MPa for clinical acceptability in all groups. An increase in the bactericidal properties against both S. mutans and L. acidophilus was measured when the adhesives were supplemented with AgNPs. It was concluded that AgNPs can be supplement commercial orthodontic adhesives without modifying their mechanical properties with improved bactericidal activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Strategies in Nanomedicine)
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14 pages, 6788 KiB  
Article
Development of Radiosterilized Porcine Skin Electrosprayed with Silver Nanoparticles Prevents Infections in Deep Burns
by Mario Alberto Pérez-Díaz, Elizabeth Alvarado-Gómez, María Esther Martínez-Pardo, Miguel José Yacamán, Andrés Flores-Santos, Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez, Fidel Martínez-Gutiérrez and Horacio Bach
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(22), 13910; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232213910 - 11 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1316
Abstract
Extensive burns represent a significant challenge in biomedicine due to the multiple systemic and localized complications resulting from the major skin barrier loss. The functionalization of xenografts with nanostructured antibacterial agents proposes a fast and accessible application to restore barrier function and prevent [...] Read more.
Extensive burns represent a significant challenge in biomedicine due to the multiple systemic and localized complications resulting from the major skin barrier loss. The functionalization of xenografts with nanostructured antibacterial agents proposes a fast and accessible application to restore barrier function and prevent localized bacterial contamination. Based on this, the objective of this work was to functionalize a xenograft by electrospray deposition with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and to evaluate its antibiofilm and cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts. Initially, AgNPs were synthesized by a green microwave route with sizes of 2.1, 6.8, and 12.2 nm and concentrations of 0.055, 0.167, and 0.500 M, respectively. The AgNPs showed a size relationship directly proportional to the concentration of AgNO3, with a spherical and homogeneous distribution determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The surface functionalization of radiosterilized porcine skin (RPS) via electrospray deposition with the three AgNP concentrations (0.055, 0.167, and 0.500 M) in the epidermis and the dermis showed a uniform distribution on both surfaces by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The antibiofilm assays of clinical multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed significant effects at the concentrations of 0.167 and 0.500 M, with a log reduction of 1.3 and 2.6, respectively. Additionally, viability experiments with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) exposed to AgNPs released from functionalized porcine skin showed favorable tolerance, with retention of viability more significant than 90% for concentrations of 0.05 and 0.167 M after 24 h exposure. Antibacterial activity combined with excellent biocompatibility makes this biomaterial a candidate for antibacterial protection by inhibiting bacterial biofilms in deep burns during early stages of development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Strategies in Nanomedicine)
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17 pages, 3622 KiB  
Article
Nano-Formulation Endows Quorum Quenching Enzyme-Antibiotic Hybrids with Improved Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
by Kristina Ivanova, Aleksandra Ivanova, Javier Hoyo, Silvia Pérez-Rafael and Tzanko Tzanov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(14), 7632; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147632 - 11 Jul 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2119
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria coupled with the shortage of efficient antibacterials is one of the most serious unresolved problems for modern medicine. In this study, the nano-hybridization of the clinically relevant antibiotic, gentamicin, with the bacterial pro-pathological cell-to-cell communication-quenching enzyme, acylase, [...] Read more.
The emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria coupled with the shortage of efficient antibacterials is one of the most serious unresolved problems for modern medicine. In this study, the nano-hybridization of the clinically relevant antibiotic, gentamicin, with the bacterial pro-pathological cell-to-cell communication-quenching enzyme, acylase, is innovatively employed to increase its antimicrobial efficiency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic cells and biofilms. The sonochemically generated hybrid gentamicin/acylase nano-spheres (GeN_AC NSs) showed a 16-fold improved bactericidal activity when compared with the antibiotic in bulk form, due to the enhanced physical interaction and disruption of the P. aeruginosa cell membrane. The nano-hybrids attenuated 97 ± 1.8% of the quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors’ production and inhibited the bacterium biofilm formation in an eight-fold lower concentration than the stand-alone gentamicin NSs. The P. aeruginosa sensitivity to GeN_AC NSs was also confirmed in a real time assay monitoring the bacterial cells elimination, using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. In protein-enriched conditions mimicking the in vivo application, these hybrid nano-antibacterials maintained their antibacterial and antibiofilm effectiveness at concentrations innocuous to human cells. Therefore, the novel GeN_AC NSs with complementary modes of action show potential for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilm infections at a reduced antibiotic dosage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Strategies in Nanomedicine)
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16 pages, 12880 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antiviral Farnesol-Containing Nanoparticles Prevent Staphylococcus aureus from Drug Resistance Development
by Aleksandra Ivanova, Kristina Ivanova, Luisa Fiandra, Paride Mantecca, Tiziano Catelani, Michal Natan, Ehud Banin, Gila Jacobi and Tzanko Tzanov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(14), 7527; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23147527 - 07 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2377
Abstract
Multidrug antimicrobial resistance is a constantly growing health care issue associated with increased mortality and morbidity, and huge financial burden. Bacteria frequently form biofilm communities responsible for numerous persistent infections resistant to conventional antibiotics. Herein, novel nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with the natural bactericide [...] Read more.
Multidrug antimicrobial resistance is a constantly growing health care issue associated with increased mortality and morbidity, and huge financial burden. Bacteria frequently form biofilm communities responsible for numerous persistent infections resistant to conventional antibiotics. Herein, novel nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with the natural bactericide farnesol (FSL NPs) are generated using high-intensity ultrasound. The nanoformulation of farnesol improved its antibacterial properties and demonstrated complete eradication of Staphylococcus aureus within less than 3 h, without inducing resistance development, and was able to 100% inhibit the establishment of a drug-resistant S. aureus biofilm. These antibiotic-free nano-antimicrobials also reduced the mature biofilm at a very low concentration of the active agent. In addition to the outstanding antibacterial properties, the engineered nano-entities demonstrated strong antiviral properties and inhibited the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 by up to 83%. The novel FSL NPs did not cause skin tissue irritation and did not induce the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines in a 3D skin tissue model. These results support the potential of these bio-based nano-actives to replace the existing antibiotics and they may be used for the development of topical pharmaceutic products for controlling microbial skin infections, without inducing resistance development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Strategies in Nanomedicine)
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Review

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24 pages, 3607 KiB  
Review
Virus-like Particles: Fundamentals and Biomedical Applications
by Jorge L. Mejía-Méndez, Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt, Luis R. Hernández, Eugenio Sánchez-Arreola and Horacio Bach
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(15), 8579; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158579 - 02 Aug 2022
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 6600
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a fast-evolving field focused on fabricating nanoscale objects for industrial, cosmetic, and therapeutic applications. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled nanoparticles whose intrinsic properties, such as heterogeneity, and highly ordered structural organization are exploited to prepare vaccines; imaging agents; construct nanobioreactors; cancer [...] Read more.
Nanotechnology is a fast-evolving field focused on fabricating nanoscale objects for industrial, cosmetic, and therapeutic applications. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are self-assembled nanoparticles whose intrinsic properties, such as heterogeneity, and highly ordered structural organization are exploited to prepare vaccines; imaging agents; construct nanobioreactors; cancer treatment approaches; or deliver drugs, genes, and enzymes. However, depending upon the intrinsic features of the native virus from which they are produced, the therapeutic performance of VLPs can vary. This review compiles the recent scientific literature about the fundamentals of VLPs with biomedical applications. We consulted different databases to present a general scenario about viruses and how VLPs are produced in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell lines to entrap therapeutic cargo. Moreover, the structural classification, morphology, and methods to functionalize the surface of VLPs are discussed. Finally, different characterization techniques required to examine the size, charge, aggregation, and composition of VLPs are described. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Strategies in Nanomedicine)
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