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Research Advances in Emerging Infectious Diseases
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Research Advances in Emerging Infectious Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 2466

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kieu C.D. Nguyễn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: mitochondria; cancer; chronic diseases; infectious disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Almost three years have passed since  COVID-19 began and the Coronavirus evolution still surprises experts. Aside from long COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 conditions, there are other infections that are still on the rise with increased drug resistance. The challenges of scientists in this century and in the future not only involve improved diagnostics for infectious diseases but also in natural-preventing, medicated-preventing and fastest-innovated treatment methods.

The purpose of this Special Issue is an encouraging contribution to the developing therapeutic treatment combination, the collection of scientific contributions for understanding emerging infectious diseases and the role of the regulation of the immune system. Original articles and extensive reviews are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Kieu C.D. Nguyễn
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • infectious diseases
  • immuene system
  • combination treament

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 486 KiB  
Communication
Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation and Vascular Dysfunction Are Associated with Distal Sensory Polyneuropathy in People with HIV
by Mohammadsobhan Sheikh Andalibi, Jerel Adam Fields, Jennifer E. Iudicello, Monica M. Diaz, Bin Tang, Scott L. Letendre and Ronald J. Ellis
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(8), 4245; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25084245 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 378
Abstract
Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is a disabling, chronic condition in people with HIV (PWH), even those with viral suppression of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and with a wide range of complications, such as reduced quality of life. Previous studies demonstrated that DSP is associated [...] Read more.
Distal sensory polyneuropathy (DSP) is a disabling, chronic condition in people with HIV (PWH), even those with viral suppression of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and with a wide range of complications, such as reduced quality of life. Previous studies demonstrated that DSP is associated with inflammatory cytokines in PWH. Adhesion molecules, essential for normal vascular function, are perturbed in HIV and other conditions linked to DSP, but the link between adhesion molecules and DSP in PWH is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether DSP signs and symptoms were associated with a panel of plasma biomarkers of inflammation (d-dimer, sTNFRII, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, sCD14) and vascular I integrity (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, uPAR, MMP-2, VEGF, uPAR, TIMP-1, TIMP-2) and differed between PWH and people without HIV (PWoH). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 143 participants (69 PWH and 74 PWoH) assessed by studies at the UC San Diego HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program. DSP signs and symptoms were clinically assessed for all participants. DSP was defined as two or more DSP signs: bilateral symmetrically reduced distal vibration, sharp sensation, and ankle reflexes. Participant-reported symptoms were neuropathic pain, paresthesias, and loss of sensation. Factor analyses reduced the dimensionality of the 15 biomarkers among all participants, yielding six factors. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between biomarkers and DSP signs and symptoms, controlling for relevant demographic and clinical covariates. The 143 participants were 48.3% PWH, 47 (32.9%) women, and 47 (33.6%) Hispanics, with a mean age of 44.3 ± 12.9 years. Among PWH, the median (IQR) nadir and current CD4+ T-cells were 300 (178–448) and 643 (502–839), respectively. Participants with DSP were older but had similar distributions of gender and ethnicity to those without DSP. Multiple logistic regression showed that Factor 2 (sTNFRII and VCAM-1) and Factor 4 (MMP-2) were independently associated with DSP signs in both PWH and PWoH (OR [95% CI]: 5.45 [1.42–21.00], and 15.16 [1.07–215.22]), respectively. These findings suggest that inflammation and vascular integrity alterations may contribute to DSP pathogenesis in PWH, but not PWoH, possibly through endothelial dysfunction and axonal degeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Advances in Emerging Infectious Diseases)
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14 pages, 5269 KiB  
Article
Unique tRNA Fragment Upregulation with SARS-CoV-2 but Not with SARS-CoV Infection
by Isabella Imirowicz, Azeem Saifee, Leanne Henry, Leo Tunkle, Alexander Popescu, Philip Huang, Jibiana Jakpor, Ava Barbano, Rohit Goru, Audrey Gunawan, Maria Sicilia, Mori Ono, Xiaoyong Bao and Inhan Lee
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(1), 399; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010399 - 28 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 941
Abstract
Unlike other coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly infected the global population, with some suffering long-term effects. Thanks to extensive data on SARS-CoV-2 made available through global, multi-level collaborative research, investigators are getting closer to understanding the mechanisms of [...] Read more.
Unlike other coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly infected the global population, with some suffering long-term effects. Thanks to extensive data on SARS-CoV-2 made available through global, multi-level collaborative research, investigators are getting closer to understanding the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, using publicly available total and small RNAseq data of Calu3 cell lines, we conducted a comparative analysis of the changes in tRNA fragments (tRFs; regulatory small noncoding RNAs) in the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 infections. We found extensive upregulation of multiple tRFs in SARS-CoV-2 infection that was not present in SARS-CoV or other virus infections our group has studied. By comparing the total RNA changes in matching samples, we identified significant downregulation of TRDMT1 (tRNA methyltransferase), only in SARS-CoV-2 infection, a potential upstream event. We further found enriched neural functions among downregulated genes with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Interestingly, theoretically predicted targets of the upregulated tRFs without considering mRNA expression data are also enriched in neural functions such as axon guidance. Based on a combination of expression data and theoretical calculations, we propose potential targets for tRFs. For example, among the mRNAs downregulated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (but not with SARS-CoV infection), SEMA3C is a theoretically calculated target of multiple upregulated tRFs and a ligand of NRP1, a SARS-CoV-2 receptor. Our analysis suggests that tRFs contribute to distinct neurological features seen in SARS-CoV-2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Advances in Emerging Infectious Diseases)
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12 pages, 9537 KiB  
Article
Lung Inflammation Signature in Post-COVID-19 TB Patients
by Galina S. Shepelkova, Vladimir V. Evstifeev, Yuriy S. Berezovskiy, Ruslan V. Tarasov, Mamed A. Bagirov and Vladimir V. Yeremeev
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(22), 16315; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216315 - 14 Nov 2023
Viewed by 769
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide, despite the COVID-19 pandemic. The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects tuberculosis progression have not yet been established. Here, we compared the level of inflammation in the wall of the tuberculoma and in [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide, despite the COVID-19 pandemic. The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects tuberculosis progression have not yet been established. Here, we compared the level of inflammation in the wall of the tuberculoma and in the parenchymal lung tissue of 30 patients diagnosed with tuberculoma without a history of COVID-19 and 30 patients diagnosed with tuberculoma 3 months after COVID-19. We also characterized TB activity in these patients using a panel of TB-associated miRNAs. Histopathological changes were examined in the resection material, and the expression level of cytokine/chemokine genes was determined by qRT-PCR. In patients with a history of COVID-19, the histological data obtained suggested activation of tuberculosis. In the same group of patients, as opposed to those without a history of COVID-19, equally high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were expressed both in the tuberculoma wall and in the periphery of the resected specimen. A full set of miRNAs (miR-191, miR-193a, miR-222, miR-223, miR-155, miR-26a, and miR-150) were downregulated in the sera of patients with TB and active COVID-19 co-infection compared to controls. Our observations indicate signs of tuberculosis activation resulting from COVID-19 infection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Advances in Emerging Infectious Diseases)
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