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Horticulturae
Special Issues
Primary Production and Processing in Viticulture
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Primary Production and Processing in Viticulture

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Viticulture".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 10814

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Marko Karoglan

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Guest Editor
Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: physiology of grapevines; establishment of vineyards; canopy management; climatic change—ecology of grapevines; table grapes; health aspects of grapes and wine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Željko Andabaka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: ampelography; clonal selection of grape varieties; grapevine genetic resources; grapevine plant material production; viticulture; polyphenolic and aromatic compounds in grapes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The importance of viticulture and winemaking in agriculture as well as in the socioeconomic sector is well known. Grapevine is among the most widely grown fruit crop worldwide. Its main purpose is for wine production, but grapes are also grown to produce fresh fruit (table grapes), raisins, juice, vinegar, seed oils, etc. Viticultar production has been faced with many challenges recently, especially regarding climate change and production sustainability. In addition, production and processing of grapes with a focus on health promoting properties are a point of interest for many scientists.

The proposed Special Issue on “Primary Production and Processing in Viticulture” aims to present information on the global viticultural technology that is being developed and studied. This Special Issue invites researchers and specialists to contribute with original and review articles concerning (but not limited to) the following or related topics: vine growth, development, and ecophysiology; canopy management and field practices to face the challenges caused by climate change; genetic resources and breeding; rootstocks; vine pathology; food safety related to grape production and processing techniques; etc.

Dr. Marko Karoglan
Dr. Željko Andabaka
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • grape production technology
  • grape processing
  • vine growth
  • canopy management
  • field practice
  • climate changes
  • breeding
  • rootstock
  • pathology
  • food safety

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 2057 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Plant Growth Regulators and Floral Cluster Thinning on the Fruit Quality of ‘Shine Muscat’ Grape
by Sujung Choi, Seunghyun Ban and Cheol Choi
Horticulturae 2023, 9(3), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9030392 - 17 Mar 2023
Viewed by 3463
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and floral cluster thinning are commonly used to improve grape yield and quality, but their effects on different fruit quality attributes in the ‘Shine Muscat’ are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of PGRs and [...] Read more.
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) and floral cluster thinning are commonly used to improve grape yield and quality, but their effects on different fruit quality attributes in the ‘Shine Muscat’ are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of PGRs and floral cluster thinning on various fruit quality parameters such as the cluster weight, berry weight, diameter, shape, sugar and acid content, firmness, and residual feel of peel. Our results indicate that the gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) 25 mg/L + thidiazuron (TDZ) 5 mg/L treatment at full bloom and GA3 25 mg/L treatment at 12 days after full bloom showed the largest cluster weight, berry weight, and diameter, while the forchlorfenuron (CPPU)-treated group, with a more balanced effect on fruit skin and flesh firmness, had the highest proportion of a positive residual feel of the peel. Floral cluster thinning by 4 cm was found to be effective for promoting fruit growth and maintaining an appropriate sugar–acid ratio, while thinning by 5 cm resulted in a higher number of berries but smaller berry size and lower sugar–acid ratio. These findings can be useful for grape growers and researchers in optimizing PGR and floral cluster thinning treatments to improve grape yield and quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Primary Production and Processing in Viticulture)
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13 pages, 2488 KiB  
Article
Exposure to the Endophytic Fungi Regulates the Anthocyanin Profiles in the Post-Veraison Grape Berries of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’
by Xiao-Xia Pan, Chun-Xiao Chen, Yu-Tao Wang, You-Yong Zhu and Ming-Zhi Yang
Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020237 - 09 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1033
Abstract
The potential of endophytes to initiate changes in host secondary metabolism is expected to be applied to improve the biochemical qualities of the crop. Our previous study revealed the significant impacts of fungal endophytes on the biochemical properties and the anthocyanin profiles in [...] Read more.
The potential of endophytes to initiate changes in host secondary metabolism is expected to be applied to improve the biochemical qualities of the crop. Our previous study revealed the significant impacts of fungal endophytes on the biochemical properties and the anthocyanin profiles in grape berries of the local cultivar ‘Rose Honey’ (RH). To validate the effects, our present work further assessed the impacts of the same fungal endophytes on grape berries of the worldwide planted grapevine cultivar ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS). Consistent with the results of RH, exposure to most of the used endophytic fungi shaped the biochemical traits and anthocyanidin profile of the CS grape berries. Among the detected biochemical traits, the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in berries had the strongest response to endophytic fungal exposure, and the fungal strains RH32, RH36, and MDR1 had the greatest biochemical impacts on the grape berries. Interestingly, the most anthocyanidin species were detected in the two grape berry varieties when exposed to fungal strains MDR36 and RH34. In both varieties, the total anthocyanin concentrations were quantitatively promoted by strains RH36, RH44, MDR1, and MDR36, but suppressed by strain RH7. Malvidin derivatives and delphinidin derivatives accounted for the majority of the relative abundance of the total detected anthocyanins in CS berries. The acylation degree of anthocyanins in grape berries was also significantly promoted by exposure to fungal endophytes. In CS grape berries, a seldom-distributed anthocyanidin, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, as well as the diglucoside anthocyanidin were detected when exposed to fungal strains as RH32, RH34, RH36, MDR1, MDR4, and MDR36. Overall, the endophytic fungal strains MDR36, RH36, and RH34 have the ability to promote metabolite profiles in both grape varieties. This work confirms the possibility of using certain endophytic fungal strains as a strategy for shaping grape pigmentation in vinification at the post-veraison or post-harvest stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Primary Production and Processing in Viticulture)
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16 pages, 3864 KiB  
Article
Dominated “Inheritance” of Endophytes in Grapevines from Stock Plants via In Vitro-Cultured Plantlets: The Dawn of Plant Endophytic Modifications
by Si-Yu Xiang, Yu-Tao Wang, Chun-Xiao Chen, Chang-Mei Liao, Tong Li, Xiao-Xia Pan, Shu-Sheng Zhu and Ming-Zhi Yang
Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020180 - 01 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1280
Abstract
We hypothesize herein the “inheritance” of endophytes in grapevines through in vitro-culture plantlets (IVCPs) from a stock plant to established plants, and, subsequently, that endophytes can be modified at the IVCP stage to emphasize one or more of those “heritable” endophytes in later-developed [...] Read more.
We hypothesize herein the “inheritance” of endophytes in grapevines through in vitro-culture plantlets (IVCPs) from a stock plant to established plants, and, subsequently, that endophytes can be modified at the IVCP stage to emphasize one or more of those “heritable” endophytes in later-developed plants. Using a DNA amplicon sequencing approach, we investigated the dynamic successions of endophytic communities in two taxonomically different varieties of grapevines from IVCPs (stage 1) to plants of later growth stages (stages 2–4). Despite the great alterations of endophytic amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) during the development of grapevines, our results demonstrated the dominant preservation of earlier-stage-acquired endophytic ASVs in grapevines of later stages. More importantly, we detected the dominant “inheritances” of the IVCP-borne ASVs, which succeeded from the stock grapevine throughout all growth stages of grapevines, with a few of these ASVs accounting for the major relative abundance (RA: 35–76%) in later-established grapevines. Notably, most of these dominantly “inherited” IVCP-borne endophytes belong to genera from which species have been frequently reported to have great agricultural and horticultural importance. In addition, horizontally transmitted endophytic (HTE) ASVs are able to dominate in later-developed grapevines. This work illustrates the evolution of endophytes from IVCPs to plants of later-growth stages. The results suggest a strategy to “breed” plant lines with certain beneficial endophytes at the IVCP stage, which has been termed herein as “plant endophytic modification”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Primary Production and Processing in Viticulture)
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17 pages, 4411 KiB  
Article
GA3 and Hand Thinning Improves Physical, Chemical Characteristics, Yield and Decrease Bunch Compactness of Sultanina Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.)
by Khalid S. Alshallash, Moustafa A. Fahmy, Anas M. Tawfeeq, Galal A. Baghdady, Gamal A. Abdrabboh, Ashraf E. Hamdy and El-baz A. Kabsha
Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020160 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1556
Abstract
Nowadays, the Sultanina grapevines H4 strain has become widely cultivated because of its high productivity. However, this Sultanina variety is suffering from clusters with small berries, in addition highly compacted berries, thus negatively affecting the quality of bunch berries. A field experiment was [...] Read more.
Nowadays, the Sultanina grapevines H4 strain has become widely cultivated because of its high productivity. However, this Sultanina variety is suffering from clusters with small berries, in addition highly compacted berries, thus negatively affecting the quality of bunch berries. A field experiment was carried out during the two successive seasons on Five years old Sultanina (H4 strain) grapevines grafted onto freedom rootstock grown in a private orchard located in El-Khatatba region, Minufyia Governorate, with coordinates of 30°21′ N 30°49′ E. The investigation was designed to throw light on the effect of hand thinning at levels 0, 25%, and or 50% of cluster shoulders was removed in addition to spray with 0, 20, 30, and 40 ppm GA3 for berry sizing. In addation, the first application was the hand thinning treatment, which was used on the second and third week of May for the first and the second seasons. The second application was the berry sizing treatment, applied when the berries were at 6–7 mm diameter (on the 3rd and 4th week of May for the first and the second seasons. Results indicated that the total chlorophyll content of leaf decreases when the hand thinning levels or GA3 concentration increases, while hand thinning and GA3 treatments were higher than control only concerning pruning weight. Moreover, the results showed that the first level of hand thinning treatments recorded higher values for the cluster weight than the higher level of hand thinning treatments with all the concentrations of GA3 used for sizing. The highest value was with T2. The overperformance of T2 for the vine yield and the rest of the treatments at the lower level of hand thinning were better than those at the higher level of hand thinning. In conclusion, hand thinning at 50% level and sizing with GA3 at concentration 30 ppm reduced the cluster compactness and improved the berry weight and firmness. Therefore, it could be recommended to get the most suitable yield and quality of Sultanina grapevines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Primary Production and Processing in Viticulture)
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12 pages, 968 KiB  
Article
Cane Girdling Influence on the Berry Texture Properties of Three Table Grape Varieties
by Adrienn Mária Tóth, Zsolt Zsófi and Szilvia Veres
Horticulturae 2022, 8(12), 1101; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8121101 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1567
Abstract
The effects of cane girdling on the berry texture characteristics were studied in three table grape cultivars. The application was carried out at véraison. The total soluble solids (TSS, °Bx) of berry must and berry weight were measured. The berry mechanical properties were [...] Read more.
The effects of cane girdling on the berry texture characteristics were studied in three table grape cultivars. The application was carried out at véraison. The total soluble solids (TSS, °Bx) of berry must and berry weight were measured. The berry mechanical properties were investigated by a texture analyser. A double compression test was used to determine berry hardness and its derived parameters. A puncture test was also applied to assess skin hardness, skin elasticity and skin break energy. Skin thickness was also investigated. The sugar concentration of the must and the berry weight after the girdling treatment were significantly higher compared to those of the control. Berry hardness, skin hardness and skin thickness were significantly affected by this technique. The changes in berry mechanical and quality parameters with this application did not show the same pattern as those observed during control ripening. Notably, in our experiment, after the girdling treatments, the higher berry hardness was accompanied with a higher sugar concentration compared to the control. The skin hardness showed lower values as a result of girdling. However, skin thickness was significantly higher in the girdled berries compared to the non-treated vines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Primary Production and Processing in Viticulture)
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13 pages, 332 KiB  
Article
Study of Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Stenospermocarpic, Parthenocarpic and Seeded Raisin Varieties
by Ozkan Kaya, Fadime Ates, Zeki Kara, Metin Turan and Gastón Gutiérrez-Gamboa
Horticulturae 2022, 8(11), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8111030 - 03 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1278
Abstract
(1) Background: Stenospermocarpic (Sultani Çekirdeksiz and Black Kishmish), parthenocarpic (Black Corinth), and seeded varieties (Ekşi Kara and Gök Üzüm) are used for raisin production. To our knowledge, there is little available information about the biochemical characteristics of raisins produced from these varieties. (2) [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Stenospermocarpic (Sultani Çekirdeksiz and Black Kishmish), parthenocarpic (Black Corinth), and seeded varieties (Ekşi Kara and Gök Üzüm) are used for raisin production. To our knowledge, there is little available information about the biochemical characteristics of raisins produced from these varieties. (2) Methods: Some metabolites, such as hormones, sugars, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids, including enzymatic activity, were determined in different raisin varieties. (3) Results: Seedless raisin varieties presented higher content of several hormones, vitamins, and minerals, as antioxidant capacity than the raisins produced from seeded varieties. Contrary to this, seeded raisin varieties presented higher contents of most measured sugars and amino acids than the raisins produced from seedless varieties. (4) Conclusions: Biological mechanisms of pollination and fertilization induced modifications in the primary and secondary metabolism of grapes, considerably affecting biochemical compounds and the antioxidant capacity of raisins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Primary Production and Processing in Viticulture)
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