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Horticulturae
Special Issues
Research Advances in Horticultural Crop Physiology and Stress
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Research Advances in Horticultural Crop Physiology and Stress

A special issue of Horticulturae (ISSN 2311-7524). This special issue belongs to the section "Developmental Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (22 May 2023) | Viewed by 3589

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Po-An Chen

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Guest Editor
Plant Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30093, Taiwan
Interests: pomology; physiology of flowering; dormancy; tea; phenotyping
Dr. Hisayo Yamane

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Guest Editor
Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
Interests: bud dormancy in woody perennials; reproduction biology in fruit crops; genome editing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The stress of horticultural crops includes a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Whether these be annual adversity (such as dormancy) or sudden adversity (such as bug bites, water flooding), horticultural crops have developed a series of corresponding physiological mechanisms. Previous studies have mainly focused on the short-term effects of a single stressor on crops and the corresponding cultivation techniques. In recent years, the rapid development of phenotyping has provided a sustainable and non-destructive method for long-term or compound stresses. There are also many molecular studies pointing out that crops have immune-related genes that can improve the resistance to stress. Many studies have also pointed out that volatile organic compounds are used in plant communication for adversity states. This basic research will help us understand the physiology of horticultural crops in the face of stresses, and it is also very important for the development of corresponding innovative cultivation techniques in the future.

This Special Issue will focus on “Advances in Horticultural Crop Physiology and Stress”. We welcome novel research, reviews, and opinion pieces covering all related topics indicated above on how we can apply new technology (such as phenotyping, genotyping, CRISPR, and real-time volatile organic compounds monitoring) to study the physiological performance of horticultural crops under stress, how horticultural crops prepare for or communicate coming stress, and how we can improve stress tolerance.

Dr. Po-An Chen
Dr. Hisayo Yamane
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Horticulturae is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • crop phenotyping
  • immune response
  • volatile organic compounds
  • stress signaling
  • stress communication
  • compound stresses
  • environmental stress
  • abiotic stresses
  • stress signaling
  • stress communication

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 1975 KiB  
Article
Improvement in Physiobiochemical and Yield Characteristics of Pea Plants with Nano Silica and Melatonin under Salinity Stress Conditions
by Wasimah B. Al-Shammari, Haya R. Altamimi and Khaled Abdelaal
Horticulturae 2023, 9(6), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9060711 - 16 Jun 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1202
Abstract
The effect of nano silica (50 mL L−1) and melatonin (75 µM) individually or in combination in foliar applications on the morphophysiological, biochemical and yield properties of pea plants under salinity stress conditions was evaluated. Salt stress caused a remarkable decrease [...] Read more.
The effect of nano silica (50 mL L−1) and melatonin (75 µM) individually or in combination in foliar applications on the morphophysiological, biochemical and yield properties of pea plants under salinity stress conditions was evaluated. Salt stress caused a remarkable decrease in the growth and yield characteristics; for example, the plant dry weight, plant height, number of flowers plant−1, number of pods plant−1, weight of 100 green seeds and protein concentration in the pea plants during both seasons were decreased compared with the control. Similarly, their physiobiochemical characteristics were negatively affected; chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and the relative water content (RWC) were significantly reduced in the stressed pea plants. However, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide, the electrolyte leakage (EL%), super oxide and the antioxidant components (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and total phenolic compounds) were significantly increased when the plants were under salt stress compared with the control plants. On the other hand, the foliar application of nano silica and melatonin individually or in combination enhanced the physiobiochemical characteristics, morphological characteristics and yield of the stressed pea plants. The best treatment was the combination treatment (nano silica + melatonin), which caused significant increases in the plant dry weight, plant height, number of flowers and pods plant−1, weight of 100 green seeds, protein concentration, chlorophyll concentrations and RWC in the stressed pea plants. Additionally, the combination treatment significantly decreased the EL%, MDA, O2⋅− and H2O2 and adjusted the upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes, proline and total phenolic compounds in the stressed plants compared with the stressed untreated pea plants. Generally, it can be suggested that the co-application of nano silica (50 mL L−1) + melatonin (75 µM) plays a positive role in alleviating the adverse impacts of salinity on pea plants by modifying the plant metabolism and regulating the antioxidant defense system as well as scavenging reactive oxygen species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Advances in Horticultural Crop Physiology and Stress)
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12 pages, 2392 KiB  
Article
Quantification and Prediction with Near Infrared Spectroscopy of Carbohydrates throughout Apple Fruit Development
by James E. Larson, Penelope Perkins-Veazie, Guoying Ma and Thomas M. Kon
Horticulturae 2023, 9(2), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020279 - 18 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2088
Abstract
Carbohydrates play a key role in apple fruit growth and development. Carbohydrates are needed for cell division/expansion, regulate fruitlet abscission, and influence fruit maturation and quality. Current methods to quantify fruit carbohydrates are labor intensive and expensive. We quantified carbohydrates throughout a growing [...] Read more.
Carbohydrates play a key role in apple fruit growth and development. Carbohydrates are needed for cell division/expansion, regulate fruitlet abscission, and influence fruit maturation and quality. Current methods to quantify fruit carbohydrates are labor intensive and expensive. We quantified carbohydrates throughout a growing season in two cultivars and evaluated the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to predict apple carbohydrate content throughout changes in fruit development. Carbohydrates were quantified with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at five timepoints between early fruitlet growth and harvest in ‘Gala’ and ‘Red Delicious’ apples. NIR spectra was collected for freeze-dried fruit samples using a benchtop near infrared spectrometer. Sorbitol was the major carbohydrate early in the growing season (~40% of total carbohydrates). However, the relative contribution of sorbitol to total carbohydrates rapidly decreased by 59 days after full bloom (<10%). The proportion of fructose to total carbohydrates increased throughout fruit development (40–50%). Three distinct periods of fruit development, early, mid-season, and late, were found over all sampling dates using principal component analysis. The first (PC1) and second (PC2) principal components accounted for 90% of the variation in the data, samples separated among sampling date along PC1. Partial least squares regression was used to build the models by calibrating carbohydrates quantified with HPLC and measured reflectance spectra. The NIR models reliably predicted the content of fructose, glucose, sorbitol, sucrose, starch, and total soluble sugars for both ‘Gala’ and ‘Red Delicious’; r2 ranged from 0.60 to 0.96. These results show that NIR can accurately estimate carbohydrates throughout the growing season and offers an efficient alternative to liquid or gas chromatography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research Advances in Horticultural Crop Physiology and Stress)
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