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Gels
Special Issues
Designing Nanogels for Drug Delivery Systems
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Designing Nanogels for Drug Delivery Systems

A special issue of Gels (ISSN 2310-2861). This special issue belongs to the section "Gel Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 August 2023) | Viewed by 6631

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Neslihan Üstündaǧ Okur

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
Interests: gels; nanogels; formulation; characterization; drug delivery; nanotechnology; biopolymers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Panoraia I. Siafaka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Program of Pharmacy, Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
Interests: formulations; drug delivery; biomaterials; nanocarriers; hydrogels; nanotechnology; polymers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of nanogels as versatile nanocarriers of active molecules has gained substantial interest considering that they are able to control the delivery. Nanogels are three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked gels presenting tunable porosity. Nanogels comprise various polymers of both natural and synthetic origin, and they can encapsulate protein, peptides, drugs, as well as diagnostic agents. Three main categories of nanogels have been identified as i. stimuli-responsive, ii. polymer-based, and iii. structure-based. Nanogels can avoid renal clearance, leading to a longer serum half-life due to their small particle size ranging from 20 to 250 nm; therefore, they can be applied as potent agents in various fields, i.e., drug delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, etc.

We are pleased to invite you to submit your articles to this Special Issue on nanogels in drug delivery. This issue aims to illustrate the current progress and recent advancements of nanogels in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and the combination thereof.

In this Special Issue, both original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following: polymeric nanogels, as well as stimuli-responsive nanogels for various therapeutic areas. In addition, any articles investigating various applications of nanogels in drug delivery, diagnosis, and tissue engineering are also welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Neslihan Üstündaǧ Okur
Dr. Panoraia I. Siafaka
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Gels is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanogels
  • polymeric
  • stimuli-responsive
  • drug delivery
  • preparation
  • characterization
  • applications
  • therapy
  • diagnosis

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 2195 KiB  
Article
Propranolol-Loaded Limonene-Based Microemulsion Thermo-Responsive Mucoadhesive Nasal Nanogel: Design, In Vitro Assessment, Ex Vivo Permeation, and Brain Biodistribution
by Kawthar K. Abla, Souraya Domiati, Rania El Majzoub and Mohammed M. Mehanna
Gels 2023, 9(6), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9060491 - 15 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1535
Abstract
Propranolol is the first-line drug for managing migraine attacks. D-limonene is a citrus oil known for its neuroprotective mechanism. Thus, the current work aims to design a thermo-responsive intranasal limonene-based microemulsion mucoadhesive nanogel to improve propranolol efficacy. Microemulsion was fabricated using limonene and [...] Read more.
Propranolol is the first-line drug for managing migraine attacks. D-limonene is a citrus oil known for its neuroprotective mechanism. Thus, the current work aims to design a thermo-responsive intranasal limonene-based microemulsion mucoadhesive nanogel to improve propranolol efficacy. Microemulsion was fabricated using limonene and Gelucire® as the oily phase, Labrasol®, Labrafil®, and deionized water as the aqueous phase, and was characterized regarding its physicochemical features. The microemulsion was loaded in thermo-responsive nanogel and evaluated regarding its physical and chemical properties, in vitro release, and ex vivo permeability through sheep nasal tissues. Its safety profile was assessed via histopathological examination, and its capability to deliver propranolol effectively to rats’ brains was examined using brain biodistribution analysis. Limonene-based microemulsion was of 133.7 ± 0.513 nm diametric size with unimodal size distribution and spheroidal shape. The nanogel showed ideal characteristics with good mucoadhesive properties and in vitro controlled release with 1.43-fold enhancement in ex vivo nasal permeability compared with the control gel. Furthermore, it displayed a safe profile as elucidated by the nasal histopathological features. The nanogel was able to improve propranolol brain availability with Cmax 970.3 ± 43.94 ng/g significantly higher than the control group (277.7 ± 29.71 ng/g) and with 382.4 % relative central availability, which confirms its potential for migraine management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designing Nanogels for Drug Delivery Systems)
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12 pages, 3866 KiB  
Article
Antibacterial and Anti-Acne Activity of Benzoyl Peroxide Nanoparticles Incorporated in Lemongrass Oil Nanoemulgel
by Ahmad M. Eid, Hani Naseef, Nidal Jaradat, Lina Ghanim, Roaa Moqadeh and Miasar Yaseen
Gels 2023, 9(3), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030186 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2967
Abstract
Purpose: The goal of this study was to make Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) nanoemulgel to improve its ability to kill bacteria. BPO has trouble getting into the skin, being absorbed by the skin, staying stable, and being spread out. Methods: A BPO nanoemulgel formulation [...] Read more.
Purpose: The goal of this study was to make Benzoyl Peroxide (BPO) nanoemulgel to improve its ability to kill bacteria. BPO has trouble getting into the skin, being absorbed by the skin, staying stable, and being spread out. Methods: A BPO nanoemulgel formulation was prepared by combining BPO nanoemulsion with Carbopol hydrogel. The drug was tested for solubility in various oils and surfactants in order to select the best oil and surfactant for the drug, and then the drug nanoemulsion formulation was prepared using a self-nano-emulsifying technique with Tween 80, Span 80, and lemongrass oil. The drug nanoemulgel was looked at in terms of its particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), rheological behavior, drug release, and antimicrobial activity. Results: Based on the solubility test results, lemongrass oil was the best solubilizing oil for drugs, while Tween 80 and Span 80 demonstrated the highest solubilizing ability for drugs among the surfactants. The optimum self-nano-emulsifying formulation had particle sizes of less than 200 nm and a PDI of close to zero. The results showed that incorporating the SNEDDS formulation of the drug with Carbopol at various concentrations did not cause a significant change in the particle size and PDI of the drug. The zeta potential results for drug nanoemulgel were negative, with more than 30 mV. All nanoemulgel formulations exhibited pseudo-plastic behavior, with 0.4% Carbopol exhibiting the highest release pattern. The drug nanoemulgel formulation worked better against bacteria and acne than the product on the market. Conclusion: Nanoemulgel is a promising way to deliver BPO because it makes the drug more stable and increases its ability to kill bacteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designing Nanogels for Drug Delivery Systems)
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Review

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21 pages, 3887 KiB  
Review
The Application of Nanogels as Efficient Drug Delivery Platforms for Dermal/Transdermal Delivery
by Panoraia I. Siafaka, Ece Özcan Bülbül, Mehmet Evren Okur, Ioannis D. Karantas and Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
Gels 2023, 9(9), 753; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9090753 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1721
Abstract
The delivery of active molecules via the skin seems to be an efficient technology, given the various disadvantages of oral drug administration. Skin, which is the largest human organ of the body, has the important role of acting as a barrier for pathogens [...] Read more.
The delivery of active molecules via the skin seems to be an efficient technology, given the various disadvantages of oral drug administration. Skin, which is the largest human organ of the body, has the important role of acting as a barrier for pathogens and other molecules including drugs; in fact, it serves as a primary defense system blocking any particle from entering the body. Therefore, to overcome the skin barriers and poor skin permeability, researchers implement novel carriers which can effectively carry out transdermal delivery of the molecules. Another significant issue which medical society tries to solve is the effective dermal delivery of molecules especially for topical wound delivery. The application of nanogels is only one of the available approaches offering promising results for both dermal and transdermal administration routes. Nanogels are polymer-based networks in nanoscale dimensions which have been explored as potent carriers of poorly soluble drugs, genes and vaccines. The nanogels present unique physicochemical properties, i.e., high surface area, biocompatibility, etc., and, importantly, can improve solubility. In this review, authors aimed to summarize the available applications of nanogels as possible vehicles for dermal and transdermal delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients and discuss their future in the pharmaceutical manufacturing field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Designing Nanogels for Drug Delivery Systems)
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