Biotransformation and Enzymatic Synthesis

A special issue of Fermentation (ISSN 2311-5637). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbial Metabolism, Physiology & Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 March 2024) | Viewed by 1743

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: biosynthesis; biocatalysis; enzymatic synthesis of fragrance compounds (lactones and green note aroma compounds)

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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology of Food, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: non-conventional yeast; Rhodotorula; yeast lipids biosynthesis; SCO; exopolysaccharides biosynthesis; biodiesel
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biotransformations, i.e., chemical reactions mediated by living organisms or enzyme preparations obtained from them, are an important and dynamically developing field, because thanks to this technique, it is possible to carry out transformations of organic compounds with selectivity rarely achieved by other methods. These reactions have been used for many years in the production of drugs and other biologically active compounds, e.g., ephedrine or vitamin C. In both cases, it is referred to as chemoenzymatic synthesis, i.e., a combination of a multi-stage chemical synthesis with a biotransformation reaction involving living organisms. Biotransformations are also an extremely useful tool in understanding the metabolism of xenobiotics in living systems, while maintaining the advantages characteristic of enzymes, such as: chemo-, regio-, stereoselectivity. Research is interdisciplinary, including microbiology, chemistry, biochemistry, enzymology, based on analytical and spectroscopic methods.

A special issue is focused on the newest biotechnological applications of biotransformation and enzymatic synthesis in obtaining pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic products. We encourage Scientists to bring the most updated information on utility of unexpected features of different microorganisms species, interesting applications of genetic tools aimed at increasing the efficiency of biotechnological processes.

As Guest Editor of this Special Issue, I look forward to reviewing your submissions on biotransformation processes catalyzed by enzymes or whole-cell catalysts (conventional and non-conventional microbial species), in free or immobilized form.

Dr. Jolanta Malajowicz
Dr. Iwona Gientka
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fermentation is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biotransformations
  • enzymes
  • whole cell catalysts
  • biocatalysis
  • microorganisms
  • metabolism
  • immobilization

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 2073 KiB  
Article
Testosterone Biosynthesis from 4-Androstene-3,17-Dione Catalyzed via Bifunctional Ketoreductase
by Yi Wei, Guangyao Mei, Jinlin Zhao, Shaoyang Zhang, Wenping Qin, Qing Sheng and Zhongyi Yang
Fermentation 2023, 9(12), 998; https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9120998 - 23 Nov 2023
Viewed by 1265
Abstract
Testosterone (TS) is an important androgen drug and a precursor of steroid drug synthesis. Ketoreductase 2 (KR-2) (GenBank accession no. ABP64403.1) is observed to stereo-selectively catalyze the bioreduction of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-AD) to testosterone and contribute to the regeneration of NADH using isopropanol as [...] Read more.
Testosterone (TS) is an important androgen drug and a precursor of steroid drug synthesis. Ketoreductase 2 (KR-2) (GenBank accession no. ABP64403.1) is observed to stereo-selectively catalyze the bioreduction of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-AD) to testosterone and contribute to the regeneration of NADH using isopropanol as a co-substrate. The Km value of KR-2 was 2.22 mmol/L with 4-AD, and the optimal pH was 6.5–7.0. The enzyme is stable and demonstrates relatively high-level enzyme activity at 40 °C. Acetone significantly inhibits this activity. This inhibition was overcome using an intermittent vacuum during the reaction process. Finally, the amount of TS reached 65.42 g/L after a 52 h reaction with 65.8 g/L 4-AD, 10% isopropanol, and 2 g/L β–NAD+ at 40 °C, with a conversion rate of 98.73%. A total of 6.15 g of TS was obtained from 6.58 g of 4-AD after the reaction and purification; the HPLC purity was 99.82%, and the overall yield was 92.81%. This enzyme provides a promising route for the green biosynthesis of testosterone for industrial applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotransformation and Enzymatic Synthesis)
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