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Entropy
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New Achievements on Chaos, Turbulence and Complexity in Heliospheric Space...
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New Achievements on Chaos, Turbulence and Complexity in Heliospheric Space Plasma Dynamics

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Complexity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2021) | Viewed by 10636

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppe Consolini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute for Astrophysics-Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology (INAF-IAPS), 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: complexity and turbulence in space plasmas; dynamical systems and information theory approaches to Sun-Earth relationships and Earth’s magnetospheric dynamics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tommaso Alberti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, Rome, Italy
Interests: near-earth electromagnetic environment (magnetosphere, ionosphere); extreme events in climate; sea level rise; turbulence in fluids and plasmas; theory of complex systems and chaos
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paola De Michelis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, 00143 Rome, Italy
Interests: Sun-Earth relationships and Earth’s magnetospheric and ionospheric dynamics; space weather
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past three decades it has been realized that improving the understanding of the dynamics of space plasmas requires to explore novel approaches borrowed from dynamical systems’ approaches. Numerous studies have clearly shown how dynamical complexity, chaos, turbulence are all physical processes which play a central role in the heliospheric space plasma dynamics. On the other hand, in the framework of dynamical systems several new tools and methods have been proposed to quantify and characterize the dynamical complexity and its role in the nonlinear out-of-equilibrium dynamical systems.

This Special Issue will focus on the new achievements in the role that dynamical complexity, turbulence and chaos perform on the energy, mass and momentum transfer in the framework of heliospheric space plasmas and Sun-Earth relations using nontraditional methods based on information theory and entropic measures.

In particular, papers presenting the potentiality of entropy and information theoretic concepts in unveiling and exploring the complex dynamics of these space plasma medium at different spatial and temporal scales are welcome.

Dr. Giuseppe Consolini
Dr. Tommaso Alberti
Dr. Paola De Michelis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Entropy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Heliospheric plasmas
  • Information Theory
  • Entropy measures
  • Complexity

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 6304 KiB  
Article
Multifractal Characteristics of Geomagnetic Field Fluctuations for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at Swarm Altitude
by Benjamín Toledo, Pablo Medina, Sylvain Blunier, José Rogan, Marina Stepanova and Juan Alejandro Valdivia
Entropy 2021, 23(5), 558; https://doi.org/10.3390/e23050558 - 30 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2161
Abstract
This paper explores the spatial variations of the statistical scaling features of low to high latitude geomagnetic field fluctuations at Swarm altitude. The data for this study comes from the vector field magnetometer onboard Swarm A satellite, measured at low resolution (1 Hz) [...] Read more.
This paper explores the spatial variations of the statistical scaling features of low to high latitude geomagnetic field fluctuations at Swarm altitude. The data for this study comes from the vector field magnetometer onboard Swarm A satellite, measured at low resolution (1 Hz) for one year (from 9 March 2016, to 9 March 2017). We estimated the structure-function scaling exponents using the p-leaders discrete wavelet multifractal technique, from which we obtained the singularity spectrum related to the magnetic fluctuations in the North-East-Center (NEC) coordinate system. From this estimation, we retain just the maximal fractal subset, associated with the Hurst exponent H. Here we present thresholding for two levels of the Auroral Electrojet index and almost the whole northern and southern hemispheres, the Hurst exponent, the structure-function scaling exponent of order 2, and the multifractal p-exponent width for the geomagnetic fluctuations. The latter quantifies the relevance of the multifractal property. Sometimes, we found negative values of H, suggesting a behavior similar to wave breaking or shocklet-like propagating front. Furthermore, we found some asymmetries in the magnetic field turbulence between the northern and southern hemispheres. These estimations suggest that different turbulent regimes of the geomagnetic field fluctuations exist along the Swarm path. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements on Chaos, Turbulence and Complexity in Heliospheric Space Plasma Dynamics)
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21 pages, 5895 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Pseudo-Lyapunov Exponents of Solar Convection Using State-of-the-Art Observations
by Giorgio Viavattene, Mariarita Murabito, Salvatore L. Guglielmino, Ilaria Ermolli, Giuseppe Consolini, Fabrizio Giorgi and Shahin Jafarzadeh
Entropy 2021, 23(4), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/e23040413 - 31 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2221
Abstract
The solar photosphere and the outer layer of the Sun’s interior are characterized by convective motions, which display a chaotic and turbulent character. In this work, we evaluated the pseudo-Lyapunov exponents of the overshooting convective motions observed on the Sun’s surface by using [...] Read more.
The solar photosphere and the outer layer of the Sun’s interior are characterized by convective motions, which display a chaotic and turbulent character. In this work, we evaluated the pseudo-Lyapunov exponents of the overshooting convective motions observed on the Sun’s surface by using a method employed in the literature to estimate those exponents, as well as another technique deduced from their definition. We analyzed observations taken with state-of-the-art instruments at ground- and space-based telescopes, and we particularly benefited from the spectro-polarimetric data acquired with the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectrometer, the Crisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter, and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. Following previous studies in the literature, we computed maps of four quantities which were representative of the physical properties of solar plasma in each observation, and estimated the pseudo-Lyapunov exponents from the residuals between the values of the quantities computed at any point in the map and the mean of values over the whole map. In contrast to previous results reported in the literature, we found that the computed exponents hold negative values, which are typical of a dissipative regime, for all the quantities derived from our observations. The values of the estimated exponents increase with the spatial resolution of the data and are almost unaffected by small concentrations of magnetic field. Finally, we showed that similar results were also achieved by estimating the exponents from residuals between the values at each point in maps derived from observations taken at different times. The latter estimation technique better accounts for the definition of these exponents than the method employed in previous studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements on Chaos, Turbulence and Complexity in Heliospheric Space Plasma Dynamics)
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12 pages, 685 KiB  
Article
On Yaglom’s Law for the Interplanetary Proton Density and Temperature Fluctuations in Solar Wind Turbulence
by Giuseppe Consolini, Tommaso Alberti and Vincenzo Carbone
Entropy 2020, 22(12), 1419; https://doi.org/10.3390/e22121419 - 15 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2170
Abstract
In the past decades, there has been an increasing literature on the presence of an inertial energy cascade in interplanetary space plasma, being interpreted as the signature of Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence (MHD) for both fields and passive scalars. Here, we investigate the passive scalar [...] Read more.
In the past decades, there has been an increasing literature on the presence of an inertial energy cascade in interplanetary space plasma, being interpreted as the signature of Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence (MHD) for both fields and passive scalars. Here, we investigate the passive scalar nature of the solar wind proton density and temperature by looking for scaling features in the mixed-scalar third-order structure functions using measurements on-board the Ulysses spacecraft during two different periods, i.e., an equatorial slow solar wind and a high-latitude fast solar wind, respectively. We find a linear scaling of the mixed third-order structure function as predicted by Yaglom’s law for passive scalars in the case of slow solar wind, while the results for fast solar wind suggest that the mixed fourth-order structure function displays a linear scaling. A simple empirical explanation of the observed difference is proposed and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements on Chaos, Turbulence and Complexity in Heliospheric Space Plasma Dynamics)
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15 pages, 509 KiB  
Article
Dynamical Complexity of the 2015 St. Patrick’s Day Magnetic Storm at Swarm Altitudes Using Entropy Measures
by Constantinos Papadimitriou, Georgios Balasis, Adamantia Zoe Boutsi, Ioannis A. Daglis, Omiros Giannakis, Anastasios Anastasiadis, Paola De Michelis and Giuseppe Consolini
Entropy 2020, 22(5), 574; https://doi.org/10.3390/e22050574 - 19 May 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3106
Abstract
The continuously expanding toolbox of nonlinear time series analysis techniques has recently highlighted the importance of dynamical complexity to understand the behavior of the complex solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere–thermosphere coupling system and its components. Here, we apply new such approaches, mainly a series of entropy [...] Read more.
The continuously expanding toolbox of nonlinear time series analysis techniques has recently highlighted the importance of dynamical complexity to understand the behavior of the complex solar wind–magnetosphere–ionosphere–thermosphere coupling system and its components. Here, we apply new such approaches, mainly a series of entropy methods to the time series of the Earth’s magnetic field measured by the Swarm constellation. We show successful applications of methods, originated from information theory, to quantitatively study complexity in the dynamical response of the topside ionosphere, at Swarm altitudes, focusing on the most intense magnetic storm of solar cycle 24, that is, the St. Patrick’s Day storm, which occurred in March 2015. These entropy measures are utilized for the first time to analyze data from a low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite mission flying in the topside ionosphere. These approaches may hold great potential for improved space weather nowcasts and forecasts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Achievements on Chaos, Turbulence and Complexity in Heliospheric Space Plasma Dynamics)
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