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Heat Exchangers for Waste Heat Recovery
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Heat Exchangers for Waste Heat Recovery

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 17261

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Petr Stehlik

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: heat transfer and its application - thermal processing of waste including energy utilization (waste to energy); process furnaces and heat exchangers; process integration; energy savings and emissions reduction; simulation calculations and optimization in process industry; CFD applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zdenek Jegla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: applied and enhanced heat transfer; process and power heat transfer equipment (low-emission burners, combustion systems, process-fired heaters, boilers, heat exchangers); simulation, optimization, and CFD applications of heat transfer equipment in the process and power industry; process and equipment design and integration for energy savings and emissions reduction; thermal treatment and energy utilization of waste (waste-to-energy); energy savings and environmental protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The economical and efficient recovery of waste heat produced by industrial processes (such as chemical and petrochemical, food, pharmaceutical, energetics, etc.) and processes and applications in the municipal sphere (such as waste incinerators, heating plants, laundries, hospitals, server rooms, etc.) are priorities and challenges. This Special Issue focuses on heat exchangers as key and essential equipment for the practical realization of these challenges. The purpose of this Special Issue is to outline the latest insights and innovative and/or enhanced solutions from the design, production, operation, and maintenance points of view of the heat exchangers in different applications of effective waste heat utilization.

Prof. Petr Stehlik
Assoc. Prof. Zdenek Jegla
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Waste heat recovery
  • Heat exchangers
  • Economical and efficient applications
  • Innovative designs of heat exchangers
  • Enhanced heat transfer
  • New materials for heat exchangers
  • New approaches
  • Systems or technologies to effective waste heat recovery.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 8886 KiB  
Article
One Convenient Method to Calculate Performance and Optimize Configuration for Annular Radiator Using Heat Transfer Unit Simulation
by Zhe Xu, Yingqing Guo, Huarui Yang, Haotian Mao, Zongling Yu and Rui Li
Energies 2020, 13(1), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13010271 - 05 Jan 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2752
Abstract
In order to calculate heat transfer capacity and air-side pressure drop of an annular radiator (AR), one performance calculation method was proposed combining heat transfer unit (HTU) simulation and plate-and-fin heat exchanger (PFHX) performance calculation formulas. This method can obtain performance data with [...] Read more.
In order to calculate heat transfer capacity and air-side pressure drop of an annular radiator (AR), one performance calculation method was proposed combining heat transfer unit (HTU) simulation and plate-and-fin heat exchanger (PFHX) performance calculation formulas. This method can obtain performance data with no need for meshing AR as a whole, which can be convenient and time-saving, as grid number is reduced in this way. It demonstrates the feasibility of this performance calculation method for engineering applications. In addition, based on the performance calculation method, one configuration optimization method for AR using nondominated sorted genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) was also proposed. Fin height (FH) and number of fins in circumferential direction (NFCD) were optimized to maximize heat transfer capacity and minimize air-side pressure drop. Three optimal configurations were obtained from the Pareto optimal points. The heat transfer capacity of the optimal configurations increased by 22.65% on average compared with the original configuration, while the air-side pressure drop decreased by 33.99% on average. It indicates that this configuration optimization method is valid and can provide a significant guidance for AR design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Exchangers for Waste Heat Recovery)
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13 pages, 3432 KiB  
Article
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Heat Exchangers for Waste Heat Recovery from a Billet Casting Process
by Ju O Kang and Sung Chul Kim
Energies 2019, 12(14), 2695; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12142695 - 15 Jul 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2760
Abstract
The application of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) system to various industrial facilities has been explored to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the efficiency of such industrial facilities. In this study, numerical analysis was conducted according to the types and geometry of heat [...] Read more.
The application of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) system to various industrial facilities has been explored to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve the efficiency of such industrial facilities. In this study, numerical analysis was conducted according to the types and geometry of heat exchangers and manufacture process conditions to recover waste heat from a billet casting process using the TEG system. The total heat absorption increased by up to 10.0% depending on the geometry of the heat exchanger. Under natural convection conditions, the total heat absorption increased by up to 45.5%. As the minimum temperature increased, the effective area increased by five times. When a copper heat exchanger of direct conduction type was used, the difference between the maximum and minimum temperatures was significantly reduced compared to when a stainless steel heat exchanger was used. This confirmed that the copper heat exchanger is more favorable for securing a uniform heat exchanger temperature. A prototype TEG system, including a thermosyphon heat exchanger, was installed and a maximum power of 8.0 W and power density of 740 W/m2 was achieved at a hot side temperature of 130 °C. The results suggest the possibility of recovering waste heat from billet casting processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Exchangers for Waste Heat Recovery)
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16 pages, 4808 KiB  
Article
Improving Performance of Simplified Computational Fluid Dynamics Models via Symmetric Successive Overrelaxation
by Vojtěch Turek
Energies 2019, 12(12), 2438; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12122438 - 25 Jun 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3106
Abstract
The ability to model fluid flow and heat transfer in process equipment (e.g., shell-and-tube heat exchangers) is often critical. What is more, many different geometric variants may need to be evaluated during the design process. Although this can be done using detailed computational [...] Read more.
The ability to model fluid flow and heat transfer in process equipment (e.g., shell-and-tube heat exchangers) is often critical. What is more, many different geometric variants may need to be evaluated during the design process. Although this can be done using detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, the time needed to evaluate a single variant can easily reach tens of hours on powerful computing hardware. Simplified CFD models providing solutions in much shorter time frames may, therefore, be employed instead. Still, even these models can prove to be too slow or not robust enough when used in optimization algorithms. Effort is thus devoted to further improving their performance by applying the symmetric successive overrelaxation (SSOR) preconditioning technique in which, in contrast to, e.g., incomplete lower–upper factorization (ILU), the respective preconditioning matrix can always be constructed. Because the efficacy of SSOR is influenced by the selection of forward and backward relaxation factors, whose direct calculation is prohibitively expensive, their combinations are experimentally investigated using several representative meshes. Performance is then compared in terms of the single-core computational time needed to reach a converged steady-state solution, and recommendations are made regarding relaxation factor combinations generally suitable for the discussed purpose. It is shown that SSOR can be used as a suitable fallback preconditioner for the fast-performing, but numerically sensitive, incomplete lower–upper factorization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Exchangers for Waste Heat Recovery)
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20 pages, 4822 KiB  
Article
Configuration Optimization and Performance Comparison of STHX-DDB and STHX-SB by A Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm
by Zhe Xu, Yingqing Guo, Haotian Mao and Fuqiang Yang
Energies 2019, 12(9), 1794; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12091794 - 11 May 2019
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3284
Abstract
Based on the thermohydraulic calculation model verified in this study and Non-dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II), a multi-objective configuration optimization method is proposed, and the performances of shell-and-tube heat exchanger with disc-and-doughnut baffles (STHX-DDB) and shell-and-tube heat exchanger with segmental baffles (STHX-SB) are [...] Read more.
Based on the thermohydraulic calculation model verified in this study and Non-dominated Sorted Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II), a multi-objective configuration optimization method is proposed, and the performances of shell-and-tube heat exchanger with disc-and-doughnut baffles (STHX-DDB) and shell-and-tube heat exchanger with segmental baffles (STHX-SB) are compared after optimization. The results show that, except in the high range of heat transfer capacity of 16.5–17 kW, the thermohydraulic performance of STHX-DDB is better. Tube bundle diameter, inside tube bundle diameter, number of baffles of STHX-DDB and tube bundle diameter, baffle cut, number of baffles of STHX-SB are chosen as design parameters, and heat transfer capacity maximization and shell-side pressure drop minimization are considered as common optimization objectives. Three optimal configurations are obtained for STHX-DDB and another three are obtained for STHX-SB. The optimal results show that all the six selected optimal configurations are better than the original configurations. For STHX-DDB and STHX-SB, compared with the original configurations, the heat transfer capacity of optimal configurations increases by 6.26% on average and 5.16%, respectively, while the shell-side pressure drop decreases by 44.33% and 19.16% on average, respectively. It indicates that the optimization method is valid and feasible and can provide a significant reference for shell-and-tube heat exchanger design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Exchangers for Waste Heat Recovery)
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26 pages, 11298 KiB  
Article
Modelling and Evaluation of Waste Heat Recovery Systems in the Case of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine
by Amin Mahmoudzadeh Andwari, Apostolos Pesyridis, Vahid Esfahanian, Ali Salavati-Zadeh and Alireza Hajialimohammadi
Energies 2019, 12(7), 1397; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12071397 - 11 Apr 2019
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4576
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and turbo-compound (T/C) system integration on a heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) is investigated. An inline six-cylinder turbocharged 11.5 liter compression ignition (CI) engine employing two waste heat recovery (WHR) strategies is modelled, [...] Read more.
In the present study, the effects of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) and turbo-compound (T/C) system integration on a heavy-duty diesel engine (HDDE) is investigated. An inline six-cylinder turbocharged 11.5 liter compression ignition (CI) engine employing two waste heat recovery (WHR) strategies is modelled, simulated, and analyzed through a 1-D engine code called GT-Power. The WHR systems are evaluated by their ability to utilize the exhaust excess energy at the downstream of the primary turbocharger turbine, resulting in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) reduction. This excess energy is dependent on the mass flow rate and the temperature of engine exhaust gas. However, this energy varies with engine operational conditions, such as speed, load, etc. Therefore, the investigation is carried out at six engine major operating conditions consisting engine idling, minimum BFSC, part load, maximum torque, maximum power, and maximum exhaust flow rate. The results for the ORC and T/C systems indicated a 4.8% and 2.3% total average reduction in BSFC and also maximum thermal efficiencies of 8% and 10%, respectively. Unlike the ORC system, the T/C system was modelled as a secondary turbine arrangement, instead of an independent unit. This in turn deteriorated BSFC by 5.5%, mostly during low speed operation, due to the increased exhaust backpressure. It was further concluded that the T/C system performed superiorly to the ORC counterpart during top end engine speeds, however. The ORC presented a balanced and consistent operation across the engines speed and load range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Exchangers for Waste Heat Recovery)
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