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Multiphysics Coupling Investigation of Turbomachinery

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 9111

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xingxing Huang

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Guest Editor

S.C.I. Energy, Future Energy Research Institute, Seidengasse 17, 8706 Zurich, Switzerland
Interests: renewable energy; multiphysics coupling investigation; turbomachinery; simulation and measurement
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Zhengwei Wang

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Hydro Science and Engineering & Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: hydropower; design and optimization of components in hydraulic machinery; multistage pump turbines for high-head applications; lifetime assessment
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Dr. Eduard Doujak

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Guest Editor

Fluid-Flow-Machinery Research Group, Institute for Energy Systems and Thermodynamics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/302, 1060 Vienna, Austria
Interests: design and optimization of components in hydraulic machinery; multistage pump-turbines for high head applications; lifetime assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the recent continuous improvement in theory, experimental, and numerical simulation technology, multiphysics coupling investigation of turbomachinery now combines aerodynamics, acoustic dynamics, electrodynamics, electromagnetism, fluid dynamics, gas dynamics, hydrodynamics, structural dynamics, thermodynamics, etc. This area has aroused intense research interest from enthusiastic experts and scholars, and this trend is increasing despite the complicated nature of multiphysics coupling problems.

We hereby invite you to share your original, high-quality research manuscripts, showcase your ideas and achievements of various types of turbomachinery including turbines, pumps, pump-turbines, fans, compressors, turbochargers, superchargers, engines, propellers, motors, generators, exciters, and turboexpanders.

Here is a non-exhaustive list of the suggested topics for this Special Issue:

- New physical phenomena understanding, new theories;

- Analytical, experimental, and numerical investigations;

- Advanced scientific and technical methodologies, and engineering applications, etc.;

- Multiphysics coupling investigation;

- Multiphase flows, turbulence, vortex rope, momentum, heat, and mass transfer;

- Vibro-acoustic dynamics, sound and vibration, noise control, fatigue, and damage analysis, Rotordynamics analysis;

- Application of AI, IoT, Digitalization, digital twins, cloud computing, intelligent manufacturing, 3D printing;

- Open-source code development and application for turbomachinery.

Dr. Xingxing Huang
Prof. Dr. Zhengwei Wang
Dr. Eduard Doujak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

turbomachinery
multiphysics coupling
experimental measurement
numerical simulation
industrial digitalization
machine learning and AI
intelligent manufacturing

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

39 pages, 23434 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fatigue Strength Analysis of a Prototype Francis Turbine in a Multilevel Lifetime Assessment Procedure Part III: Instrumentation and Prototype Site Measurement

by Eduard Doujak, Anton Maly, Julian Unterluggauer, Franz Haller, Michael Maier, Christian Blasbichler and Simon Stadler

Energies 2023, 16(16), 6072; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16166072 - 19 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1403

Abstract

Part I of this series of publications addressed the background and fundamentals of the lifetime assessment of prototype Francis turbines. Part II concentrated on the developed methods of numerical calculation and assessment procedures. The present contribution (Part III) deals with the instrumentation and the metrological range of the assessment procedure. The most important sensors, measurement tools, and data acquisition units are presented (background). The instrumentation of the prototype Francis turbine is used, on the one hand, for machine unit monitoring and plant operating and, on the other hand, for generating measurement data to validate and adjust/correct the numerical simulations. Measurement data form the basis for further evaluations at various levels. A wide variety of measured variables are required to carry out the remaining lifetime of a component using fatigue analysis. Those variables include pressure and acceleration signals, vibration monitoring, and strain gauge applications for mechanical stress analysis. The available measurement signals are divided into groups based on the developed method. Thus, already-available data from the control room are compared with machine monitoring and temporarily measured data. The correlation of all available data is essential today to determine an exact idea of the occurring flow phenomena and their effects on the mechanical stresses on the component. This interaction of the different data sources and, subsequently, the use of selected quantities for the numerical calculation are part of the newly developed concept for fatigue strength analysis of mechanical components of a turbine unit (methods). The results of this journal article are divided into the discussion of the necessary instrumentation and mounting of the sensors and into the evaluation, presentation, and interpretation of the measurement data. In addition, a fatigue strength assessment is made at the position of the strain gauges. These results serve as a basis for validating the numerical stress calculation. It is worth mentioning that the validation of the numerical results and the discussion of the deviations and error consideration is carried out in Part IV of this publication series (results). This journal article of the series on condition assessment of prototype Francis turbines ends with a discussion of the results and conclusions for further data processing (conclusion). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiphysics Coupling Investigation of Turbomachinery)

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19 pages, 5379 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Rotating Vortex Rope and Its Induced Structural Response in a Kaplan Turbine Model

by Rafel Roig, Xavier Sánchez-Botello, Xavier Escaler, Berhanu Mulu and Carl-Maikel Högström

Energies 2022, 15(17), 6311; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15176311 - 29 Aug 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1529

Abstract

The rotating vortex rope, which can be decomposed in the rotating and the plunging modes, is the origin of pressure fluctuations in the draft tube cone when hydraulic turbines operate at part load, compromising the structural integrity and limiting the output load. A measurement campaign was carried out in a Kaplan turbine model which is a replica of the experimental 10 MW Porjus U9 prototype machine along a propeller curve to study the rotating vortex rope’s excitation levels and the induced structural responses. A complete set of sensors mounted on-board and off-board was used to measure pressures, forces, torques, accelerations, displacements, and strains. The characteristic frequencies and amplitudes of the pressure fluctuations and of the corresponding induced loads and vibrations associated with the two modes were quantified in a wide range of operating conditions at part load. The two modes are detected at different frequencies depending on the sensor position. Moreover, their frequencies change depending on the discharge and present different amplitudes depending on the mode. Particularly, the rotating mode shows higher amplitudes than the plunging mode in the majority of positions and directions measured. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiphysics Coupling Investigation of Turbomachinery)

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15 pages, 6892 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Operating Head on Dynamic Behavior of a Pump–Turbine Runner in Turbine Mode

by Xiangyang Li, Jingwei Cao, Jianling Zhuang, Tongmao Wu, Hongyong Zheng, Yunfeng Wang, Wenqiang Zheng, Guoqing Lin and Zhengwei Wang

Energies 2022, 15(11), 4004; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15114004 - 29 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1402

Abstract

Pumped storage units improve the stability of the power grid, and the key component is the pump–turbine. A pump–turbine usually needs to start and shutdown frequently, and the operating head varies greatly due to changes in the water level of the reservoir, which makes the dynamic behavior of a pump–turbine runner extremely complex. This paper investigates the effects of operating head on the dynamic response characteristics of a pump–turbine runner in turbine mode. The flow characteristics of the pump–turbine at maximum head, rated head and minimum head are analyzed, and the dynamic response characteristic of the pump–turbine runner are numerically studied. The results show that operating head can affect the pressure pulsation and dynamic stress characteristics of the pump–turbine runner, but it has little effect on the frequency spectra. The conclusions of this paper intend to improve understanding of the effects of the operating head on the dynamic behavior of the pump–turbine runner, therefore providing a theoretical reference for safe and stable operation of the pump–turbine unit. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiphysics Coupling Investigation of Turbomachinery)

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15 pages, 6800 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Different Operating Conditions on the Support Bracket Stress in Pumped Storage Units

by Buchao Xu, Weiqiang Zhao, Wenhua Lin, Zhongyu Mao, Ran Tao and Zhengwei Wang

Energies 2022, 15(6), 2195; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062195 - 17 Mar 2022

Viewed by 1648

Abstract

In order to balance the intermittent supply of energy to the power grid, pumped storage units have to operate more and more in extended operating conditions and switch their mode frequently. During operation, the turbine unit has to withstand various axial forces that may cause deformation and fatigue damage to the key components of the machine. The excessive load could surpass the weight of the runner body, which is dangerous for the power plant. For the safe and stable operation, the simulation of the axial force under pump condition is performed by the computational fluid dynamics method (CFD) in this paper. The CFD simulation result has revealed the variation rule of the axial force with the operating condition. Besides, the conditions with pressure-balance pipelines (PBP) blockage are also investigated and the mechanism of PBP on reducing the axial force applied on the bracket has been revealed. The maximum stresses are calculated by means of Finite Element Method (FEM) and compared with the normal conditions. The result shows that the blocked PBP will increase 62.20% of the maximum stress on the support bracket. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiphysics Coupling Investigation of Turbomachinery)

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15 pages, 7427 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Analysis on the Hydraulic Thrust and Dynamic Response Characteristics of a Turbine Pump

by Linghua Kong, Jingwei Cao, Xiangyang Li, Xulei Zhou, Haihong Hu, Tao Wang, Shuxin Gui, Wenfa Lai, Zhongfeng Zhu, Zhengwei Wang and Yan Liu

Energies 2022, 15(4), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041580 - 21 Feb 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1916

Abstract

Pumps as turbines are widely used in the world, wherein the hydraulic thrust of a turbine pump is one of the key factors affecting the safe and stable operation of a unit. There are a lot of difficulties to evaluate the hydraulic thrust by site observation and experiment. These difficulties can be resolved if a numerical simulation is applied. The present work aims to analyze the axial and radial hydraulic thrust of a prototype turbine pump in turbine mode, and then to determine the dynamic response characteristics of the turbine pump shafting. The axial hydraulic thrust in the turbine mode is upward, with a fluctuation range of 155 t to 175 t. The pressure fluctuation in the runner can be 16% of the unit head. The simulation results provide a good reference for understanding the hydraulic performance of the turbine pump and useful guidance for the operation of the unit. The structure analysis shows that the runner has asymmetrical deformation in the axial and radial directions. The amplitude of the dynamic stress on the shafting is about 10 MPa, and the dominant frequency of the dynamic stress on the runner is 20f_n. The results could provide guidance for the operating and optimization of the unit, which helps the safe and stable operation of the station. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multiphysics Coupling Investigation of Turbomachinery)

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