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Advances in Wind Turbine Vibration Modelling and Control
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Advances in Wind Turbine Vibration Modelling and Control

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 May 2024 | Viewed by 4112

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Paweł Martynowicz

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Process Control, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Ave, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Interests: vibration control; structural vibration; wind turbines; modeling and simulation; optimal control; MR actuators
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paweł Madejski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, Department of Power Systems and Environmental Protection Facilities, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
Interests: thermal power engineering; power plants; computational fluid dynamics; engineering thermodynamics; steam boilers and heat exchangers; power plant simulation; engineering thermofluids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wind energy has been playing a growing role in the global energy market. Both onshore and offshore wind turbines have emerged as a clean energy extraction solution of the 21st century. However, the structures of wind turbines, which are the greatest machines on the Earth, are subject to large loads and undesirable vibrations caused by wind, sea currents. and waves, as well as rotating machinery unbalance, which may limit the energy extraction efficiency and lead to damage, in addition to shortening the fatigue life. Hence, reducing the vibration load impact on these structures is a fundamental challenge wind energy faces nowadays. Wind turbines’ vibration control methods aiming to increase reliability and reduce maintenance costs are of great interest as they may lead to the minimization of the cost of energy factor.

To address these problems, novel approaches to vibration attenuation are essential, including various vibration absorbers, mass and liquid dampers, control actuators, and inerters. In addition, control solutions involved in the performance of these renewable energy systems should also be addressed to reduce vibration and thus improve energy efficiency and increase the fatigue life.

This Special Issue will focus on novel results in the field of modeling, simulation, experimental testing, optimization, and control of offshore and onshore wind turbines. Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

  • Modeling and identification of wind turbine structures;
  • Soil/seabed–structure interaction, wind/ wave–structure interaction;
  • Wind turbine vibration phenomenon analysis;
  • Structural control problems and solutions;
  • Optimization of wind turbines’ fatigue life;
  • Wind turbines’ vibration attenuation with regard to energy efficiency maximization;
  • flow analysis, including CFD modeling of wind turbine operation;
  • advances in wind turbines design, construction and experimental testing;
  • wind turbines electricity production forecasting.

Dr. Paweł Martynowicz
Dr. Paweł Madejski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wind turbine vibration
  • vibration absorbers, mass/liquid dampers
  • control actuators and inerters
  • vibration control solutions

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

30 pages, 15348 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Tower Deflection Mitigation Methods Using Nonlinear Optimal-Based Reduced-Stroke Tuned Vibration Absorber
by Paweł Martynowicz, Georgios M. Katsaounis and Spyridon A. Mavrakos
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1507; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061507 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 606
Abstract
Tower fatigue and strength are crucial operational concerns of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) due to the escalation of the vibration phenomena observed on these structures as compared to land-based ones. FOWT towers are excited by wave and wind polyperiodic disturbances yielding continual [...] Read more.
Tower fatigue and strength are crucial operational concerns of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) due to the escalation of the vibration phenomena observed on these structures as compared to land-based ones. FOWT towers are excited by wave and wind polyperiodic disturbances yielding continual transient states of structural vibration that are challenging for vibration mitigation systems. Thus, the paper investigates a novel implementation of nonlinear optimal-based vibration control solutions for the full-scale, tension leg platform (TLP)-based, NREL 5MW wind turbine tower-nacelle model with a 10-ton tuned vibration absorber (TVA), equipped with a magnetorheological (MR) damper, located at the nacelle. The structure is subjected to excessive wave and wind excitations, considering floating platform motions derived from model experiments in a wave tank. The MR damper operates simultaneously with an electromagnetic force actuator (forming a hybrid TVA) or independently (a semiactive TVA). The study includes both actuators’ nonlinearities and dynamics, whereby the former are embedded in the Hamilton-principle-based nonlinear control solutions. The TVA is tuned either to the NREL 5MW tower-nacelle 1st bending mode frequency (TVA-TN) or to the TLP surge frequency (TVA-TLP). The optimal control task was redeveloped concerning the TVA stroke and transient vibration minimisation, including the implementation of the protected structure’s acceleration and relative displacement terms, as well as the nonzero velocity term in the quality index. The regarded model is embedded in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. On the basis of the obtained results, the TVA-TN solution is by far superior to the TVA-TLP one. All the regarded TVA-TN solutions provide a tower deflection safety factor of ca. 2, while reference systems without any vibration reduction solutions or with a passive TVA-TLP are at risk of tower structural failure as well as the hybrid TVA-TLP system. The obtained TVA stroke reductions of 25.7%/22.0% coincide with 3.6%/10.3% maximum tower deflection reductions for the semiactive/hybrid TVA-TN case (respectively) with regard to the previously developed approaches. Moreover, these reductions are obtained due to the sole control algorithm enhancement; thus, no additional resources are necessary, while this attainment is accompanied by a reduction in the required MR damper force. The lowest obtained TVA stroke amplitude of 1.66 m is guaranteed by the newly introduced semiactive control. Its hybrid equivalent ensures 8% lower primary structure deflection amplitude and reduced nacelle acceleration levels thanks to the utilisation of the force actuator of the relatively low power (ca. 6 kW); the trade-off is an increased TVA stroke amplitude of 2.19 m, which, however, is the lowest among all the tested hybrid solutions. The analysed reference passive TVA systems, along with a modified ground-hook hybrid solution, can hardly be implemented in the nacelle (especially along the demanding side–side direction). The latter, being the well-proven hybrid solution for steady-state tower deflection minimisation, yielded unsatisfactory results. The achievements of the study may be used for an effective design of a full-scale vibration reduction system for the TLP-based floating wind turbine structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbine Vibration Modelling and Control)
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16 pages, 379 KiB  
Article
Optimal Preventive Maintenance Scheduling for Wind Turbines under Condition Monitoring
by Quanjiang Yu, Pramod Bangalore, Sara Fogelström and Serik Sagitov
Energies 2024, 17(2), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17020280 - 05 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 760
Abstract
Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, are positioned to play a pivotal role in future energy systems. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for calculating and regularly updating the next preventive maintenance plan for a wind farm. Our optimization [...] Read more.
Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar, are positioned to play a pivotal role in future energy systems. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for calculating and regularly updating the next preventive maintenance plan for a wind farm. Our optimization criterion considers various factors, including the current ages of key components, major maintenance costs, eventual energy production losses, and available data monitoring the condition of the wind turbines. Employing Cox proportional hazards analysis, we develop a comprehensive approach that accounts for the current ages of critical components, significant maintenance costs, potential energy production losses, and data collected from monitoring the condition of wind turbines. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach through a case study based on data collected from multiple wind farms in Sweden. Our results demonstrate that preventive maintenance planning yields positive effects, particularly when the wind turbine components in question have significantly shorter lifespans than the turbine itself. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbine Vibration Modelling and Control)
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16 pages, 3384 KiB  
Article
Application of the Semi-Markov Processes to Model the Enercon E82-2 Preventive Wind Turbine Maintenance System
by Mirosław Szubartowski, Klaudiusz Migawa, Sylwester Borowski, Andrzej Neubauer, Ľubomír Hujo and Beáta Kopiláková
Energies 2024, 17(1), 199; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010199 - 29 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 509
Abstract
The share of wind energy in the energy mix is continuously increasing. However, a very important issue associated with its generation is the high failure rate of wind turbines. This situation particularly concerns large wind turbines, which are expensive and have a lower [...] Read more.
The share of wind energy in the energy mix is continuously increasing. However, a very important issue associated with its generation is the high failure rate of wind turbines. This situation particularly concerns large wind turbines, which are expensive and have a lower tolerance for system damage caused by various failures and faults. Vulnerable components include sensors, electronic control units, electrical systems, hydraulic systems, generators, gearboxes, rotor blades, and so on. As a result, significant emphasis is placed on improving the reliability, availability, and productivity of wind turbines. It is extremely important to detect and identify abnormalities as early as possible and predict potential failures and damages and the remaining useful life of components. One way to ensure turbine efficiency is to plan and implement preventive repairs. This work shows a semi-Markov model of a preventive maintenance system based on Enercon E82-2 wind turbines. The system’s performance quality is evaluated based on profit over time and an asymptotic availability coefficient. The developed model establishes formulas describing the efficiency functions and formulates the conditions for the existence of extremes (maxima) of these functions. Computational examples provided at the end of the paper illustrate the obtained research results. A preventive maintenance model is developed that can be applied to wind turbine hazard prevention (determining optimal times for wind turbine preventive maintenance). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbine Vibration Modelling and Control)
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21 pages, 5931 KiB  
Article
Wind Tunnel Experimental Study on the Efficiency of Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines via Analysis of Blade Pitch Angle Influence
by Zygmunt Szczerba, Piotr Szczerba, Kamil Szczerba, Marek Szumski and Krzysztof Pytel
Energies 2023, 16(13), 4903; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134903 - 23 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1695
Abstract
This paper presents results of experimental investigations and numerical simulations of a vertical-axis H-type wind turbine, considering the influence of propeller blade pitch angle on turbine characteristics. An innovative airfoil profile based on a modified symmetric NACA0015 airfoil profile was used as the [...] Read more.
This paper presents results of experimental investigations and numerical simulations of a vertical-axis H-type wind turbine, considering the influence of propeller blade pitch angle on turbine characteristics. An innovative airfoil profile based on a modified symmetric NACA0015 airfoil profile was used as the designed blade profile, which was tested in a wind tunnel over a range of Reynolds numbers from 50,000 to 300,000. The phenomenon of angle-of-attack variation and the resulting forces acting on the blades, particularly in the horizontal configuration and vertical axis of rotation, were discussed. Series of experiments were conducted on a 1:1 scale four-bladed turbine model in the wind tunnel to determine the characteristics, specifically the power coefficient distribution over the tip speed ratio for various Reynolds numbers and blade pitch angles. Subsequently, the turbine was modeled using Qblade software, and a series of calculations were performed under the same conditions. The numerical results were validated with the experimental data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wind Turbine Vibration Modelling and Control)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Effects of mode of motion and steady wind on performance of horizontal axis floating offshore wind turbines
Authors: Fuat Kara
Affiliation: Sheffield Hallam University, Howard Street, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK
Abstract: -

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