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Energies
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Energy Harvesting Systems: Analysis, Design and Optimization
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Energy Harvesting Systems: Analysis, Design and Optimization

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 16768

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luigi Costanzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa, CE, Italy
Interests: maximum power point tracking techniques in photovoltaic applications; power electronics circuits for renewable energy sources; methods for the analysis, design, and optimization of switching converters; control methods and architectures for the maximization of the energy provided by vibration energy harvesting systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Massimo Vitelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Aversa, CE, Italy
Interests: maximum power point tracking techniques in photovoltaic applications; power electronics circuits for renewable energy sources; methods for the analysis, design, and optimization of switching converters; control methods and architectures for the maximization of the energy provided by vibration energy harvesting systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy harvesting is the process by which energy is taken from ambient sources (e.g., solar energy, wind energy, kinetic energy, thermal energy, electromagnetic fields energy, and so on) and converted into electrical energy to be stored or employed to feed loads. Whilst the energy harvesting process is similar in principle to large-scale renewable energy generation (such as wind turbines), the term energy harvesting is typically used to indicate a smaller amount of produced power ranging from μWs to kWs. In such a great variety of applications, the design and optimization of the complete energy harvesting system (transduction mechanism, architecture, power electronics interface, control technique, and so on) is of crucial importance. In fact, optimal exploitation of the source avoids the waste of precious energy that unavoidably leads to the unnecessary oversizing of the entire system and results in an increase of weights, volumes, and costs. Therefore, the goal of this Special Issue is as follows:

  • To focus on the latest scientific results and advances in the Analysis, Design, and optimization of energy harvesting systems;
  • To bring together scientists adopting several approaches, working on the abovementioned topics;
  • To promote and share as much as possible top-level research in the field of energy harvesting systems.

This Special Issue is open to both original research articles and review articles covering (but not limited to) the analysis, design, and optimization of energy harvesting systems based on the following sources:

  • Photovoltaic sources;
  • Vibrations (piezoelectric, electromagnetic, electrostatic, and magnetostrictive harvesters);
  • Micro wind turbines;
  • Thermoelectric generators;
  • Regenerative suspensions systems (automotive and railway applications);
  • Other innovative energy harvesters (rainfall, electromagnetic fields, pyroelectric, bistable systems for satellites applications).

Dr. Luigi Costanzo
Prof. Dr. Massimo Vitelli
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Energy harvesting
  • Vibration energy
  • Piezoelectric harvesters
  • Electromagnetic harvesters
  • Magnetostrictive harvesters
  • Electrostatic harvesters
  • Photovoltaic
  • Micro wind turbines
  • Thermoelectric generators
  • Train suspension energy harvesters
  • Car suspension energy harvesters
  • Rail track vibration energy harvesters
  • Rainfall energy harvesters
  • Electromagnetic fields energy harvesters.

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5885 KiB  
Article
An Energy-Harvesting System Using MPPT at Shock Absorber for Electric Vehicles
by Jinkyu Lee, Yondo Chun, Jiwon Kim and Byounggun Park
Energies 2021, 14(9), 2552; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092552 - 29 Apr 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3001
Abstract
This paper investigates an energy-harvesting system that uses of vibration energy at a shock absorber for electric vehicles. This system mainly comprises a linear electromagnetic generator and synchronous buck converter. To obtain the electrical energy through a linear electromagnetic generator, the perturb and [...] Read more.
This paper investigates an energy-harvesting system that uses of vibration energy at a shock absorber for electric vehicles. This system mainly comprises a linear electromagnetic generator and synchronous buck converter. To obtain the electrical energy through a linear electromagnetic generator, the perturb and observe maximum power point tracking (P&O MPPT) scheme is applied at the converter. The power converter circuit is designed with a diode rectifier and synchronous buck converter. The generated electric power is able to transmit to the battery and the damping force of the shock absorber is adjusted by the controlled current of generator. The linear electromagnetic generator was designed as a single phase eight-slot eight-pole tubular permanent magnet machine. The performance of the proposed energy-harvesting system was verified through simulations and experiments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Harvesting Systems: Analysis, Design and Optimization)
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31 pages, 6976 KiB  
Article
Design Method of Dual Active Bridge Converters for Photovoltaic Systems with High Voltage Gain
by Elkin Edilberto Henao-Bravo, Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja, Andrés Julián Saavedra-Montes, Daniel González-Montoya and Julián Sierra-Pérez
Energies 2020, 13(7), 1711; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071711 - 03 Apr 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4244
Abstract
In this paper, a design method for a photovoltaic system based on a dual active bridge converter and a photovoltaic module is proposed. The method is supported by analytical results and theoretical predictions, which are confirmed with circuital simulations. The analytical development, the [...] Read more.
In this paper, a design method for a photovoltaic system based on a dual active bridge converter and a photovoltaic module is proposed. The method is supported by analytical results and theoretical predictions, which are confirmed with circuital simulations. The analytical development, the theoretical predictions, and the validation through circuital simulations, are the main contributions of the paper. The dual active bridge converter is selected due to its high efficiency, high input and output voltages range, and high voltage-conversion ratio, which enables the interface of low-voltage photovoltaic modules with a high-voltage dc bus, such as the input of a micro-inverter. To propose the design method, the circuital analysis of the dual active bridge converter is performed to describe the general waveforms derived from the circuit behavior. Then, the analysis of the dual active bridge converter, interacting with a photovoltaic module driven by a maximum power point tracking algorithm, is used to establish the mathematical expressions for the leakage inductor current, the photovoltaic current, and the range of operation for the phase shift. The design method also provides analytical equations for both the high-frequency transformer equivalent leakage inductor and the photovoltaic side capacitor. The design method is validated through detailed circuital simulations of the whole photovoltaic system, which confirm that the maximum power of the photovoltaic module can be extracted with a correct design of the dual active bridge converter. Also, the theoretical restrictions of the photovoltaic system, such as the photovoltaic voltage and power ripples, are fulfilled with errors lower than 2% with respect to the circuital simulations. Finally, the simulation results also demonstrate that the maximum power point for different environmental conditions is reached, optimizing the phase shift factor with a maximum power point tracking algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Harvesting Systems: Analysis, Design and Optimization)
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16 pages, 4036 KiB  
Article
Electromechanical Modeling of MEMS-Based Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Devices for Applications in Domestic Washing Machines
by Eustaquio Martínez-Cisneros, Luis A. Velosa-Moncada, Jesús A. Del Angel-Arroyo, Luz Antonio Aguilera-Cortés, Carlos Arturo Cerón-Álvarez and Agustín L. Herrera-May
Energies 2020, 13(3), 617; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030617 - 01 Feb 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3559
Abstract
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) devices can convert the mechanical vibrations of their surrounding environment into electrical energy for low-power sensors. This electrical energy is amplified when the operation resonant frequency of the PEH device matches with the vibration frequency of [...] Read more.
Microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based piezoelectric energy harvesting (PEH) devices can convert the mechanical vibrations of their surrounding environment into electrical energy for low-power sensors. This electrical energy is amplified when the operation resonant frequency of the PEH device matches with the vibration frequency of its surrounding environment. We present the electromechanical modeling of two MEMS-based PEH devices to transform the mechanical vibrations of domestic washing machines into electrical energy. These devices have resonant structures with a T shape, which are formed by an array of multilayer beams and a ultraviolet (UV)-resin seismic mass. The first layer is a substrate of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), the second and fourth layers are Al and Pt electrodes, and the third layer is piezoelectric material. Two different types of piezoelectric materials (ZnO and PZT-5A) are considered in the designs of PEH devices. The mechanical behavior of each PEH device is obtained using analytical models based on the Rayleigh–Ritz and Macaulay methods, as well as the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. In addition, finite element method (FEM) models are developed to predict the electromechanical response of the PEH devices. The results of the mechanical behavior of these devices obtained with the analytical models agree well with those of the FEM models. The PEH devices of ZnO and PZT-5A can generate up to 1.97 and 1.35 µW with voltages of 545.32 and 45.10 mV, and load resistances of 151.12 and 1.5 kΩ, respectively. These PEH devices could supply power to internet of things (IoT) sensors of domestic washing machines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Harvesting Systems: Analysis, Design and Optimization)
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Review

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34 pages, 9950 KiB  
Review
Tuning Techniques for Piezoelectric and Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesters
by Luigi Costanzo and Massimo Vitelli
Energies 2020, 13(3), 527; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13030527 - 21 Jan 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4508
Abstract
This paper is focused on resonant vibration energy harvesters (RVEHs). In applications involving RVEHs the maximization of the extraction of power is of fundamental importance and a very crucial aspect of such a task is represented by the optimization of the mechanical resonance [...] Read more.
This paper is focused on resonant vibration energy harvesters (RVEHs). In applications involving RVEHs the maximization of the extraction of power is of fundamental importance and a very crucial aspect of such a task is represented by the optimization of the mechanical resonance frequency. Mechanical tuning techniques (MTTs) are those techniques allowing the regulation of the value of RVEHs mechanical resonance frequency in order to make it coincident with the vibration frequency. A very great number of MTTs has been proposed in the literature and this paper is aimed at reviewing, classifying and comparing the main of them. In particular, some important classification criteria and indicators are defined and are used to put in evidence the differences existing among the various MTTs and to allow the reader an easy comparison of their performance. Finally, the open issues concerning MTTs for RVEHs are identified and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Harvesting Systems: Analysis, Design and Optimization)
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