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Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2021) | Viewed by 34413

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Wojciech Szeląg

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
Interests: finite element method; coupled phenomena analysis; magnetic and electric circuits; drives and electrical machines; devices with magnetorheological fluid; energy-saving motors with permanent magnets; design and optimization of electrical machines and electromagnetic devices
Dr. Cezary Jedryczka

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
Interests: numerical methods in mechatronics; coupled phenomena analysis; finite element method; magnetorheological fluid technology—modeling and applications; electromechanical transducers; line start permanent magnet synchronous motors; multiphase machines; finite element analysis in design of electrical machines
Dr. Rafal M. Wojciechowski

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
Interests: numerical methods in mechatronics; multistage approach of finite element method (FEM); edge element method (EEM); electrical machines; electrical and electronic devices; systems of wireless transmission power; computation of electromagnetic field and induced currents in multiply-connected conductors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The effort to minimize the negative impact on the environment of energy conversion and rational management of its resources encourages, among others, searching for new energy-saving constructions to develop and use new materials and innovative technologies, as well as more accurate methods in the analysis and synthesis of electromechanical devices. These efforts are aimed at increasing energy conversion efficiency and quality, as well as at reducing the negative influence on people and the environment. In addition to effective and accurate methods for analysis of the electromagnetic phenomena, reliable analysis of the operating states of electromechanical energy conversion systems also requires developing and implementing the methods of analysis of thermal and flow phenomena and the field of mechanical stress and vibration. The complexity and couplings between these phenomena leads to development of complex models of the electromechanical devices that are based on the field equations and application of the finite element method.

The aim of the Special Issue is to present the recent advances in the analysis and synthesis of electromagnetic devices, electrical machines, and drives, as well as to provide an open space for discussion on the numerical methods in electromagnetic and coupled field calculations, and optimization of electromechanical systems.

Contributions submitted to the Special Issue can be dedicated to the application of the field models in analysis and design of existing and new constructions of electromagnetic energy conversion systems (the transformers, electrical machines, and drives) and their industrial applications as well as latest developments of drive systems and their control methods. The proposed techniques and methods should be innovative and significant for the community interested in electrical engineering.

We are strongly pleased to invite you to publish your latest developments in discussed fields. Contributing in this Special Issue will enhance the visibility of your research and achievements.

Prof. Dr. Wojciech Szeląg
Dr. Cezary Jedryczka
Dr. Rafal M. Wojciechowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Novel numerical methods in electromagnetism
  • Multiphysics and coupled problems in electrical machines
  • Computational techniques and optimization methods in the design of energy-saving electromechanical systems
  • Modern field methods in the design and analysis of electromechanical devices
  • Modern energy-saving electrical machines
  • Modelling of low loss materials for energy-saving transformers and electrical machines
  • High-efficiency systems of wireless power transmission
  • New solutions of drive systems
  • Effective control methods of electrical drives
  • Electromagnetic compatibility of electromagnetic devices, electrical machines, and drives

Published Papers (16 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 5871 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Selected Operating States of the Line Start Synchronous Reluctance Motor Using the Finite Element Method
by Paweł Idziak and Krzysztof Kowalski
Energies 2021, 14(20), 6825; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206825 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1571
Abstract
The article presents the results of work on an effective numerical study of selected transient states of a low-power electrical machine. The object of detailed research was a synchronized squirrel-cage induction motor. Its ability to work at a synchronous speed was enabled by [...] Read more.
The article presents the results of work on an effective numerical study of selected transient states of a low-power electrical machine. The object of detailed research was a synchronized squirrel-cage induction motor. Its ability to work at a synchronous speed was enabled by obtaining reluctance torque, caused by an imposed asymmetry between the direct and quadrature reluctances of the rotor. The difference between the reluctances was achieved by changing the rotor geometry by milling additional deep grooves. The modifications of the rotor did not damage the continuity of the rotor cage. Imposed lots were arranged symmetrically around the rotor circumference. In order to study the performance of the modified motor, a parameterized, numerical model of the machine was developed to evaluate the impact of the geometry of the slots. The developed three dimensional (3D) model of the electromagnetic phenomena in the studied magnetic circuit employs the finite element method (FEM). The model takes into account the saturation of the machine’s magnetic circuit and the skew of the rotor cage bars as well as the mechanical equilibrium of the terrain system including the moment of inertia and frictional torque in the bearings as well as the load torque resulting from the operation of the internal fan. The simulation study concerned the starting process of the machine under different values of the load. The influence of the supply voltage phase angle at the moment of start-up and the initial position of the rotor in relation to the stator was investigated. In order to calibrate the model, tests of the physical object were performed. The corrections introduced concerned the magnetization characteristics of the magnetic circuit. The results obtained confirm the correctness of the adopted strategy of testing the operational properties of the considered engine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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19 pages, 7550 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Finger Cushion with Magnetorheological Fluid for Soft-Rigid Gripper
by Marcin Białek, Cezary Jędryczka and Andrzej Milecki
Energies 2021, 14(20), 6541; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14206541 - 12 Oct 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2093
Abstract
This paper presents a study of penetrating a pin into a magnetorheological fluid (MR) cushion focused on the force measurement. The research is supported by detailed finite element analysis (FEA) of the magnetic field distributions in several magnetic field exciters applied to control [...] Read more.
This paper presents a study of penetrating a pin into a magnetorheological fluid (MR) cushion focused on the force measurement. The research is supported by detailed finite element analysis (FEA) of the magnetic field distributions in several magnetic field exciters applied to control rheological properties of the MR inside the cushion. The cushion is a part of the finger pad of the jaw soft-rigid gripper and was made of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using 3D printing technology. For the pin-penetrating setup, the use of a holding electromagnet and a magnetic holder were considered and verified by simulation as well as experiment. In further simulation studies, two design solutions using permanent magnets as the source of the magnetic field in the cushion volume to control MR fluid viscosity were considered. The primary aim of the study was to analyze the potential of using an MR fluid in a cushion pad and to investigate the potential for changing its viscosity using different magnetic field sources. The analysis included magnetic field simulations and tests of pin penetration in the cushion as an imitation of object grasping. Thus, an innovative application of 3D printing and TPU to work with MR fluid is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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16 pages, 7715 KiB  
Article
Influence of a Winding Short-Circuit Fault on Demagnetization Risk and Local Magnetic Forces in V-Shaped Interior PMSM with Distributed and Concentrated Winding
by Piotr Mynarek, Janusz Kołodziej, Adrian Młot, Marcin Kowol and Marian Łukaniszyn
Energies 2021, 14(16), 5125; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14165125 - 19 Aug 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1951
Abstract
This paper presents a comparison of 30/8 and 12/8 AC permanent magnet motors with distributed (DW) and concentrated winding (CW) designed for electric vehicle traction. Both prototypes are based on an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor topology and contain V-shape magnets. The radial [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comparison of 30/8 and 12/8 AC permanent magnet motors with distributed (DW) and concentrated winding (CW) designed for electric vehicle traction. Both prototypes are based on an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor topology and contain V-shape magnets. The radial flux AC IPM motors were designed for an 80 kW propulsion system to achieve 125 N·m. Finite element models (FEM) used to design the geometry of IPM motors and the required useful parameters of electric motors are widely investigated. The accuracy of finite element models is verified and validated on the basis of test data. Numerical simulations of healthy and faulty operation states, and studies of winding faults based on the FEM offer a deeper understanding of the associated phenomena. Therefore, in this paper, a short-circuit fault in a stator winding was simulated to investigate the transient currents under an external load collapse, for all winding phases. These simulations were used to define other important machine parameters to improve mechanical reliability of the motors and to assess the potential risk of permanent magnet (PM) demagnetization. Furthermore, the analysis of local magnetic forces affecting the PMs in the rotor and their possible displacement in a short-circuit situation were performed, also taking into account the centrifugal force. Lastly, it is demonstrated that the choice of winding configuration has a significant impact on the uncontrolled displacement of magnets in the rotor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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12 pages, 2939 KiB  
Article
An Algorithm for Calculation and Extraction of the Grid Voltage Component
by Michał Gwóźdź and Łukasz Ciepliński
Energies 2021, 14(16), 4842; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164842 - 09 Aug 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1203
Abstract
Calculating the values of the parameters of distorted periodic signals in real-time is important for the control of many processes. In particular, this information is necessary for the proper operation of power electronics devices that cooperate with the power grid. In such cases, [...] Read more.
Calculating the values of the parameters of distorted periodic signals in real-time is important for the control of many processes. In particular, this information is necessary for the proper operation of power electronics devices that cooperate with the power grid. In such cases, it is necessary to determine the phase, frequency, and amplitude of the fundamental component of the voltage in the power grid node. Also, in many cases, the control process needs a signal which is synchronised with the power grid voltage. Both processes should be realised in real-time. A number of solutions to the problem of calculating the values of the voltage parameters have been described in the literature. However, these methods generally introduce significant time delays and have several restrictions regarding the variability in the values of these parameters. They also often require the significant computational power of a unit that performs the task of identification. The algorithm presented in this work is based on the properties of a pair of orthogonal signals, generated by a two-dimensional finite impulse response filter, which has a certain transfer function resulting from the needs of the algorithm, what is the innovation of the algorithm. These signals are then used in the program module, which both, calculates, in the time domain, the instantaneous values of the frequency and the amplitude of the fundamental component of the power grid voltage, and generates a signal, being in-phase with this component. The presented algorithm is fast, accurate, and relatively simple; therefore, it does not require a high computational power processor. This algorithm was experimentally verified by implementation in microcomputer-based units, which were then applied in the control systems of the power electronic devices, as well as in analysers of the energy quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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21 pages, 11301 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Distributions of Displacement and Eddy Currents in the Ferrite Core of an Electromagnetic Transducer Using the 2D Approach of the Edge Element Method and the Harmonic Balance Method
by Wojciech Ludowicz and Rafał M. Wojciechowski
Energies 2021, 14(13), 3980; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133980 - 02 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2492
Abstract
The negative impact of the displacement currents on the operation of electromagnetic converters results in additional losses and faster insulation degradation, as well as the self-resonance phenomenon. Effective measurement of the dielectric displacement currents in converters is quite complex; thus, advanced simulation programs [...] Read more.
The negative impact of the displacement currents on the operation of electromagnetic converters results in additional losses and faster insulation degradation, as well as the self-resonance phenomenon. Effective measurement of the dielectric displacement currents in converters is quite complex; thus, advanced simulation programs should be used. However, currently, they do not enable the analysis of the systems in terms of the displacement currents distribution. In order to elaborate an effective tool for analyzing the distribution of the displacement currents by means of the Finite Element Method, we have decided to supplement the well-known reluctance-conductance network model with an additional capacitance model. In the paper, equations for the linked reluctance-conductance-capacitance network model have been presented and discussed in detail. Moreover, we introduce in the algorithm the Harmonic Balance Finite Element Method (HBFEM) and the Fixed-Point Method. This approach enables us to create a field model of electromagnetic converters, which includes the electromagnetic core’s saturation effect. The application of these methods for the reluctance-conductance-capacitance model of the finite element has allowed us to develop a practical tool ensuring complex analysis of the magnetic flux, eddy, and the displacement currents’ distribution in electromagnetic converters with an axial symmetrical structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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17 pages, 4196 KiB  
Article
Finite Element Analysis of Magnetic Field Exciter for Direct Testing of Magnetocaloric Materials’ Properties
by Wieslaw Lyskawinski, Wojciech Szelag, Cezary Jedryczka and Tomasz Tolinski
Energies 2021, 14(10), 2792; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14102792 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2004
Abstract
The paper presents research on magnetic field exciters dedicated to testing magnetocaloric materials (MCMs) as well as used in the design process of magnetic refrigeration systems. An important element of the proposed test stand is the system of magnetic field excitation. It should [...] Read more.
The paper presents research on magnetic field exciters dedicated to testing magnetocaloric materials (MCMs) as well as used in the design process of magnetic refrigeration systems. An important element of the proposed test stand is the system of magnetic field excitation. It should provide a homogeneous magnetic field with a controllable value of its intensity in the MCM testing region. Several concepts of a magnetic circuit when designing the field exciters have been proposed and evaluated. In the MCM testing region of the proposed exciters, the magnetic field is controlled by changing the structure of the magnetic circuit. A precise 3D field model of electromagnetic phenomena has been developed in the professional finite element method (FEM) package and used to design and analyze the exciters. The obtained results of the calculations of the magnetic field distribution in the working area were compared with the results of the measurements carried out on the exciter prototype. The conclusions resulting from the conducted research are presented and discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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20 pages, 10162 KiB  
Article
A Multiphysics Analysis of Coupled Electromagnetic-Thermal Phenomena in Cable Lines
by Artur Cywiński and Krzysztof Chwastek
Energies 2021, 14(7), 2008; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14072008 - 05 Apr 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2755
Abstract
The paper is focused on numerical modeling of multi-strand cable lines placed in free air. Modeling is carried out within the framework of the so-called multi-physics approach using commercial software. The paper describes in detail the steps undertaken to develop realistic, reliable numerical [...] Read more.
The paper is focused on numerical modeling of multi-strand cable lines placed in free air. Modeling is carried out within the framework of the so-called multi-physics approach using commercial software. The paper describes in detail the steps undertaken to develop realistic, reliable numerical models of power engineering cables, taking into account their geometries and heat exchange conditions. The results might be of interest to the designers of multi-strand cable systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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16 pages, 7231 KiB  
Article
Simulation and Experimental Investigation of a Two-Stage Magnetic Precession Gear
by Lukasz Macyszyn, Cezary Jedryczka and Adam Myszkowski
Energies 2021, 14(7), 1838; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071838 - 25 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2269
Abstract
Gears are common and important components of many types of propulsion systems applied in mechanical engineering. The aim of this paper is to present the mechanical design and performance analysis of a novel two-stage magnetic precession gear (MPG). The main advantage of the [...] Read more.
Gears are common and important components of many types of propulsion systems applied in mechanical engineering. The aim of this paper is to present the mechanical design and performance analysis of a novel two-stage magnetic precession gear (MPG). The main advantage of the proposed design is the ability to obtain higher transmission ratios than other currently known magnetic gear types. A detailed analysis of the performance of the MPG was carried out employing a developed numerical model of the magnetic field in the proposed gear. The MPG model is based on the finite element method (FEM) and allows determining the relations between the torque acting on the main components of the gear, load angles, and air-gap lengths. To validate the developed FEM model, the prototype of an MPG with a 1/144 gear ratio was built and tested. The experiments were also focused on determining the mechanical efficiency as well as the influence of rotational speed and lengths of air gaps on the maximum load torque. The tests indicated that the maximum efficiency of the studied MPG is about 30%, which is comparable to the efficiency of mechanical two-stage precession gears with face meshing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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18 pages, 6133 KiB  
Article
Optimization of a Small Wind Power Plant for Annual Wind Speed Distribution
by Krzysztof Wrobel, Krzysztof Tomczewski, Artur Sliwinski and Andrzej Tomczewski
Energies 2021, 14(6), 1587; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061587 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1816
Abstract
This article presents a method to adjust the elements of a small wind power plant to the wind speed characterized by the highest annual level of energy. Tests were carried out on the basis of annual wind distributions at three locations. The standard [...] Read more.
This article presents a method to adjust the elements of a small wind power plant to the wind speed characterized by the highest annual level of energy. Tests were carried out on the basis of annual wind distributions at three locations. The standard range of wind speeds was reduced to that resulting from the annual wind speed distributions in these locations. The construction of the generators and the method of their excitation were adapted to the characteristics of the turbines. The results obtained for the designed power plants were compared with those obtained for a power plant with a commercial turbine adapted to a wind speed of 10 mps. The generator structure and control method were optimized using a genetic algorithm in the MATLAB program (Mathworks, Natick, MA, USA); magnetostatic calculations were carried out using the FEMM program; the simulations were conducted using a proprietary simulation program. The simulation results were verified by measurement for a switched reluctance machine of the same voltage, power, and design. Finally, the yields of the designed generators in various locations were determined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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17 pages, 3409 KiB  
Article
Fast Computation of Multi-Parametric Electromagnetic Fields in Synchronous Machines by Using PGD-Based Fully Separated Representations
by Abel Sancarlos, Chady Ghnatios, Jean-Louis Duval, Nicolas Zerbib, Elias Cueto and Francisco Chinesta
Energies 2021, 14(5), 1454; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051454 - 07 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1876
Abstract
A novel Model Order Reduction (MOR) technique is developed to compute high-dimensional parametric solutions for electromagnetic fields in synchronous machines. Specifically, the intrusive version of the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) is employed to simulate a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The result is a [...] Read more.
A novel Model Order Reduction (MOR) technique is developed to compute high-dimensional parametric solutions for electromagnetic fields in synchronous machines. Specifically, the intrusive version of the Proper Generalized Decomposition (PGD) is employed to simulate a Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The result is a virtual chart allowing real-time evaluation of the magnetic vector potential as a function of the operation point of the motor, or even as a function of constructive parameters, such as the remanent flux in permanent magnets. Currently, these solutions are highly demanded by the industry, especially with the recent developments in the Electric Vehicle (EV). In this framework, standard discretization techniques require highly time-consuming simulations when analyzing, for instance, the noise and vibration in electric motors. The proposed approach is able to construct a virtual chart within a few minutes of off-line simulation, thanks to the use of a fully separated representation in which the solution is written from a series of functions of the space and parameters coordinates, with full space separation made possible by the use of an adapted geometrical mapping. Finally, excellent performances are reported when comparing the reduced-order model with the more standard and computationally costly Finite Element solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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22 pages, 4112 KiB  
Article
A Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Controller Based on an FPGA Device with a Complex PID Regulator
by Krzysztof Tomczewski, Krzysztof Wrobel, Daniel Rataj and Grzegorz Trzmiel
Energies 2021, 14(5), 1423; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051423 - 05 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1902
Abstract
This paper presents a proposal for a new type of regulator for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. The proposed regulator enables a significant extension of the rotational speed range and drive output power. This regulator is characterized by a complex structure, including two [...] Read more.
This paper presents a proposal for a new type of regulator for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. The proposed regulator enables a significant extension of the rotational speed range and drive output power. This regulator is characterized by a complex structure, including two regulation modules: voltage and phase supply switch-on angle. The voltage module includes a proportional integral derivative (PID) voltage regulator. During its operation, the value of the phase supply switch-on angle and the width of the phase supply range are determined as a result of interpolation of the data previously determined in the simulation program. The other module contains the PID controller of the phase supply switch-on angle. The values of the angles included in the tables have been determined so as to ensure that the drive works with the greatest possible efficiency. The control method is determined based on the current operating parameters of the drive, i.e., torque and speed. The operation of the regulator was simulated in the MATLAB Simulink program. The regulator presented here was implemented in a field programmable gate array (FPGA). Tests of the regulator’s operation in the prototype system were carried out in the field of control of commutation angles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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17 pages, 4031 KiB  
Article
Performance Evaluation of a Stator Modular Ring Generator for a Shrouded Wind Turbine
by Jefferson A. Oliveira and Ály F. Flores Filho
Energies 2021, 14(1), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14010067 - 25 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1782
Abstract
This paper presents the performance evaluation of a stator modular ring permanent-magnet generator to be embedded in a shrouded wind turbine. That is done to increase the power conversion for the same turbine area when compared to more conventional ones. An adapted structure [...] Read more.
This paper presents the performance evaluation of a stator modular ring permanent-magnet generator to be embedded in a shrouded wind turbine. That is done to increase the power conversion for the same turbine area when compared to more conventional ones. An adapted structure allows the assembling of the prototype, aiming to verify its performance under controlled conditions. Aiming to verify the accuracy of an analytical subdomain model for a large diameter machine, the evaluation compares the results obtained by the electromagnetic finite element method and experimental measurements. The results of the components of the air-gap flux density, back EMF and electromagnetic torque obtained by the proposed analytical model and finite-element method are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The experimental measurements of the iron loss and copper loss show that the prototype efficiency can reach 90% approximately. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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16 pages, 595 KiB  
Article
Branch and Bound Algorithm Based on Prediction Error of Metamodel for Computational Electromagnetics
by Reda El Bechari, Stéphane Brisset, Stéphane Clénet, Frédéric Guyomarch and Jean Claude Mipo
Energies 2020, 13(24), 6749; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13246749 - 21 Dec 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2053
Abstract
Metamodels proved to be a very efficient strategy for optimizing expensive black-box models, e.g., Finite Element simulation for electromagnetic devices. It enables the reduction of the computational burden for optimization purposes. However, the conventional approach of using metamodels presents limitations such as the [...] Read more.
Metamodels proved to be a very efficient strategy for optimizing expensive black-box models, e.g., Finite Element simulation for electromagnetic devices. It enables the reduction of the computational burden for optimization purposes. However, the conventional approach of using metamodels presents limitations such as the cost of metamodel fitting and infill criteria problem-solving. This paper proposes a new algorithm that combines metamodels with a branch and bound (B&B) strategy. However, the efficiency of the B&B algorithm relies on the estimation of the bounds; therefore, we investigated the prediction error given by metamodels to predict the bounds. This combination leads to high fidelity global solutions. We propose a comparison protocol to assess the approach’s performances with respect to those of other algorithms of different categories. Then, two electromagnetic optimization benchmarks are treated. This paper gives practical insights into algorithms that can be used when optimizing electromagnetic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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20 pages, 9232 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Partial Demagnetization Process of Magnets in a Line Start Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
by Mariusz Baranski, Wojciech Szelag and Wieslaw Lyskawinski
Energies 2020, 13(21), 5562; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215562 - 23 Oct 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3377
Abstract
The paper justifies the validity of analyzing the impact of temperature and the process of partial demagnetization of magnets on the operating parameters of machines. To analyze this impact, a field model of coupled electromagnetic and thermal phenomena in a permanent magnet synchronous [...] Read more.
The paper justifies the validity of analyzing the impact of temperature and the process of partial demagnetization of magnets on the operating parameters of machines. To analyze this impact, a field model of coupled electromagnetic and thermal phenomena in a permanent magnet synchronous motor was proposed. The non-linearity of the magnetic circuit, the effect of temperature on the magnetic, electrical and thermal properties of the materials as well as the developed method of modeling the process of partial demagnetization of the magnet were taken into account. Based on this model, an algorithm and software were developed to analyze the effect of temperature and the process of partial demagnetization of magnets on the work of the line start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM). The elaborated software was used to study the effect of temperature during the motor starting phase on the magnetization state of the magnets after the start-up process. The calculation results were compared to the results of experimental studies. The experimental tests were carried out on a specially constructed test stand. The results of the research on the process of partial demagnetization of the magnets are presented and the conclusions resulting therefrom formulated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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17 pages, 1648 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Phenomenon of Spectrum Leakage on the Evaluation Process of Metrological Properties of Power Quality Analyser
by Piotr Kuwałek, Przemysław Otomański and Krzysztof Wandachowicz
Energies 2020, 13(20), 5338; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13205338 - 13 Oct 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1624
Abstract
Power quality assessment is a complex measurement task, requiring the usage of a system with suitable metrological properties. This complex measurement task in the real power grid is performed with the use of power quality analysers that measure and record the parameters determining [...] Read more.
Power quality assessment is a complex measurement task, requiring the usage of a system with suitable metrological properties. This complex measurement task in the real power grid is performed with the use of power quality analysers that measure and record the parameters determining the power quality. The paper presents selected research results for a class A power quality analyser in the specially prepared measurement system containing measuring instruments calibrated by the Main Office of Measures. The measurement results were completed with a presentation of the uncertainty budget. The influence of the phenomenon of spectrum leakage on metrological properties of the tested power quality analyser was considered in the paper. To assess this influence, the simulation studies with the use of MATLAB and the experimental studies were carried out for selected test signals. The Metrological interpretation of the research results is presented in the paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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19 pages, 9246 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Torque Ripples of an Induction Motor Taking into Account a Inter-Turn Short-Circuit in a Stator Winding
by Wojciech Pietrowski and Konrad Górny
Energies 2020, 13(14), 3626; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143626 - 14 Jul 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2448
Abstract
Despite the increasing popularity of permanent magnet synchronous machines, induction motors (IM) are still the most frequently used electrical machines in commercial applications. Ensuring a failure-free operation of IM motivates research aimed at the development of effective methods of monitoring and diagnostic of [...] Read more.
Despite the increasing popularity of permanent magnet synchronous machines, induction motors (IM) are still the most frequently used electrical machines in commercial applications. Ensuring a failure-free operation of IM motivates research aimed at the development of effective methods of monitoring and diagnostic of electrical machines. The presented paper deals with diagnostics of an IM with failure of an inter-turn short-circuit in a stator winding. As this type of failure commonly does not lead immediately to exclusion of a drive system, an early stage diagnosis of inter-turn short-circuit enables preventive maintenance and reduce the costs of a whole drive system failure. In the proposed approach, the early diagnostics of IM with the inter-turn short-circuit is based on the analysis of an electromagnetic torque waveform. The research is based on an elaborated numerical field–circuit model of IM. In the presented model, the inter-turn short-circuit in the selected winding has been accounted for. As the short-circuit between the turns can occur in different locations in coils of winding, computations were carried out for various quantity of shorted turns in the winding. The performed analysis of impact of inter-turn short-circuit on torque waveforms allowed to find the correlation between the quantity of shorted turns and torque ripple level. This correlation can be used as input into the first layer of an artificial neural network in early and noninvasive diagnostics of drive systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Numerical Computations in Modeling, Analysis and Optimization of Energy Conversion in Electromagnetic Devices, Electrical Machines and Drives)
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