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Advances in Analysis and Application of Biofuels, Alternative fuels and Combustion Technology

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "I2: Energy and Combustion Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 27 September 2024 | Viewed by 7345

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Toufik Boushaki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ICARE CNRS, Université d’Orléans, Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France
Interests: turbulent combustion; swirling flames; oxy-fuel combustion; plasma-assisted combustion; biomass; CO2 capture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am pleased to invite you to contribute to a Special Issue entitled “Advances in Analysis and Application of Biofuels, Alternative fuels and Combustion Technology” in the MDPI open-access journal, Energies (IF 3.004).

To date, hydrocarbon-based fuels remain the main source of energy in powering the global economy and daily life. However, the expenses attached to environmental sustainability have proved problematic, as the combustion of hydrocarbons (coal, oil, and natural gas) undesirably increases the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, thus accentuating the effects of global warming. Therefore, global decarbonization efforts have become increasingly important in minimizing the consumption of carbon-based fuels. Reducing polluting emissions and optimizing the performance of combustion systems require the development of new combustion techniques, the use of alternative fuels (biofuels, H2, NH3), and a better control of flow and flame within combustion plants.

This Special Issue aims to feature original research and review articles, covering relevant and current topics that relate to laboratory and industrial research of various new fuels and combustion technologies. The studies proposed cover recent advances in the science and technologies of burners, furnaces, boilers, and gas turbines. Research on alternative fuels such as biofuel, hydrogen, ammonia, and metallic powders will be included in this Special Issue. Additionally, CO2 capture and pollutant emissions such as NOx, CO, particulate matter, and their reduction methods will also be discussed in this Special Issue. The works proposed here will be based on different means, theoretical calculations, numerical modeling, and experimental measurements.

I look forward to receiving your original research and studies.

Dr. Toufik Boushaki
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biofuels
  • hydrogen combustion
  • NH3 combustion
  • turbulent combustion
  • swirling flame
  • burner
  • furnace
  • boiler
  • gas turbine
  • alternative fuel
  • pollutant emission
  • plasma-assisted combustion
  • CO2 capture

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 8370 KiB  
Article
Thermographic Analysis of Exhaust Gas and Emissions by Varying Catalyst Behaviour and Injection Parameters
by Christian Farinango-Herrera, Joshebet Zambrano-Ramón and Edgar Vicente Rojas-Reinoso
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1417; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061417 - 15 Mar 2024
Viewed by 800
Abstract
This study focuses on the detailed analysis of exhaust emissions from multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) engines by manipulating the injection parameters through a programmable electronic control unit. In addition, tests are carried out using different generations of catalytic converters and checking that their [...] Read more.
This study focuses on the detailed analysis of exhaust emissions from multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) engines by manipulating the injection parameters through a programmable electronic control unit. In addition, tests are carried out using different generations of catalytic converters and checking that their working temperature is correct using a thermographic camera, verifying operation, to evaluate their effect on emission reduction. Detailed comparisons of the results between these configurations will allow the identification of the combination that reduces emissions the most without compromising engine efficiency and performance. This research aims to promote a more sustainable approach in the automotive sector by properly configuring systems, but also by demonstrating the technical robustness of their application in vehicles. It has also helped to verify that varying injection and ignition parameters help to fine-tune fuel injection, resulting in efficient combustion. Combining this variation with catalytic converters has further reduced exhaust pollutants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Analysis and Application of Biofuels, Alternative fuels and Combustion Technology)
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27 pages, 3957 KiB  
Article
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Modeling of Combustion Characteristics in Chip and Ground Biomass from Fast-Growing Trees and Agricultural Residue
by Bijendra Shrestha, Jetsada Posom, Pimpen Pornchaloempong, Panmanas Sirisomboon, Bim Prasad Shrestha and Hidayah Ariffin
Energies 2024, 17(6), 1338; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17061338 - 11 Mar 2024
Viewed by 2372
Abstract
This study focuses on the investigation and comparison of combustion characteristic parameters and combustion performance indices between fast-growing trees and agricultural residues as biomass sources. The investigation is conducted through direct combustion in an air environment using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Additionally, partial [...] Read more.
This study focuses on the investigation and comparison of combustion characteristic parameters and combustion performance indices between fast-growing trees and agricultural residues as biomass sources. The investigation is conducted through direct combustion in an air environment using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Additionally, partial least squares regression (PLSR)-based models were developed to assess combustion performance indices via near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), serving as a non-destructive alternative method. The results obtained through the TGA reveal that, specifically, fast-growing trees display higher average ignition temperature (227 °C) and burnout temperature (521 °C) in comparison to agricultural residues, which exhibit the values of 218 °C and 515 °C, respectively. Therefore, fast-growing trees are comparatively difficult to ignite, but sustain combustion over extended periods, yielding higher temperatures. However, despite fast-growing trees having a high ignition index (Di) and burnout index (Df), the comprehensive combustion performance (Si) and flammability index (Ci) of agricultural residue are higher, indicating the latter possess enhanced thermal and combustion reactivity, coupled with improved combustion stability. Five distinct PLSR-based models were developed using 115 biomass samples for both chip and ground forms, spanning the wavenumber range of 3595–12,489 cm−1. The optimal model was selected by evaluating the coefficients of determination in the prediction set (R2P), root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), and RPD values. The results suggest that the proposed model for Df, obtained through GA-PLSR using the first derivative (D1), and Si, achieved through full-PLSR with MSC, both in ground biomass, is usable for most applications, including research. The model yielded, respectively, an R2P, RMSEP, and RPD, which are 0.8426, 0.4968 wt.% min⁻4, and 2.5; and 0.8808, 0.1566 wt.%2 min⁻2 °C⁻3, and 3.1. The remaining models (Di in chip and ground, Df, and Si in chip, and Ci in chip and ground biomass) are primarily applicable only for rough screening purposes. However, including more representative samples and exploring a more suitable machine learning algorithm are essential for updating the model to achieve a better nondestructive assessment of biomass combustion behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Analysis and Application of Biofuels, Alternative fuels and Combustion Technology)
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23 pages, 3299 KiB  
Article
CFD-Based Prediction of Combustion Dynamics and Nonlinear Flame Transfer Functions for a Swirl-Stabilized High-Pressure Combustor
by Mehmet Kapucu and Jim B. W. Kok
Energies 2023, 16(6), 2515; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062515 - 07 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1660
Abstract
Thermoacoustic instabilities in gasturbine combustor systems can be predicted in the design phase with a thermoacoustic network model. In this model, the coupling between acoustic pressure fluctuations and the combustion rate is described by the Flame Transfer Function. The present paper introduces a [...] Read more.
Thermoacoustic instabilities in gasturbine combustor systems can be predicted in the design phase with a thermoacoustic network model. In this model, the coupling between acoustic pressure fluctuations and the combustion rate is described by the Flame Transfer Function. The present paper introduces a new, efficient, and robust method for deriving the FTF from CFD predictions by means of a discrete multi-frequency sinusoidal fuel flow excitation method. The CFD-based FTF result compares well with experimental data for the time delay, but for the gain, only up to 400 Hz. Above 400 Hz, the CFD result reveals a smooth low-amplitude gain, which is not found in the measured data. A novel, accurate continuous correlation function for the FTF gain is computed based on the results for discrete frequencies. When this is implemented into a 1D acoustic network model, the stability map shows, below 600 Hz, two eigenfrequencies, by both the experiment and CFD-based FTF, that are identical. The CFD-based FTF correctly predicts marginal activity at the highest eigenfrequency, while the experimentally based FTF suggests an unstable operation. The unstable operation is not observed in the experiments. This suggests that the CFD-based FTF is also correct for high frequencies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Analysis and Application of Biofuels, Alternative fuels and Combustion Technology)
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22 pages, 6220 KiB  
Article
Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine with Gasoline Port Injection Plus Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) Direct Injection under Different Speeds and Loads
by Jufang Zhang, Xiumin Yu, Zezhou Guo, Yinan Li, Jiahua Zhang and Dongjie Liu
Energies 2022, 15(19), 7028; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15197028 - 24 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1281
Abstract
ABE can be used as an alternative fuel for engines. This paper studies the combustion and emission performances of an SI engine with GPI plus ABEDI at different engine speeds and loads. The engine operating conditions included speeds of 1000–2600 rpm at the [...] Read more.
ABE can be used as an alternative fuel for engines. This paper studies the combustion and emission performances of an SI engine with GPI plus ABEDI at different engine speeds and loads. The engine operating conditions included speeds of 1000–2600 rpm at the MAP = 50 kPa and loads of MAP = 30–70 kPa at a speed of 1800 rpm. The ABEDIr contained 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. At speeds = 1000–1800 or 2200–2600 rpm, the testing results showed the ABEDIr corresponding to the maximum IMEP at 80% or 100%. When the ABEDIr = 60%, HC and NOx emissions were the lowest at speeds of 1000–2600 rpm. Meanwhile, NPN and APN both decreased with the increasing of ABEDIr. As the MAP increased, CA0-90 decreased. At different loads, ABE-added fuels had lower HC and NOx emissions and higher IMEP values than pure gasoline. PN was lower than 4 × 104 n/cm3 when the ABEDIr was over 80%. Overall, 80% ABEDIr is a great choice for engine performance at the test range of loads and speeds, and pure ABE fuel is better if the power performance is the main requirement at high speeds and loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Analysis and Application of Biofuels, Alternative fuels and Combustion Technology)
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