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Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Industrial Electronics and Cyber Physical Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 20202

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sergio Saponara

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria della Informazione (DII), Università di Pisa, via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy
Interests: automotive electronics; embedded HPC (high-performance computing); enabling technologies IoT (Internet of Things)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Alessandro De Gloria

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Naval, Electrical and Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering (DITEN), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Interests: electronic systems and applications; serious games; Internet of Things
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Riccardo Berta

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering and Naval ArchitectureDepartment, University of Genoa, 16145 Genoa, Italy
Interests: Internet of Things; electronic systems and applications; edge computing; serious games
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The International Conference on Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society (ApplePies 2019), https://applepies.eu, intends to provide an opportunity of reciprocal meeting and knowledge on industrial and research activities for academicians, practitioners, and managers who operate in the field of electronic applications. Specific focus of this Special Issue will be on Industrial Electronics and Cyber Physical Systems.

The conference offers a venue for presenting original research works, achievements, and panels on the latest trends in electronic applications pervading Industry 4.0, environment, and society. The overall goal is to stimulate a proficuous collaboration between academy and industry on the world of the applications of the electronic technologies.

Authors of papers accepted at the conference are invited to submit a version extended of at least 50% of their contribution to the following areas (original contributions related to electronic systems and application in the following topic will be also considered for publication):

Secure, Clean and Efficient Energy: smart grids; electronics for PV energy production; residential microgrids; domestic and residential energy storage systems; power converters for renewable energy systems; energy scavenging; energy storage; smart grids

Environment: wireless sensors networks; energy harvesting for autonomous systems; environment monitoring and control; smart sensors for environmental applications, IoT and sustainable development; smart agriculture and food systems

Smart, Green and Integrated Transportation: driver information management; intelligent electronics for road safety; autonomous driving electronics; smart Li-ion batteries; intelligent transportation systems; serious games for transportation and mobility

Enabling Technologies: Internet of Energy; Internet of Things; machine learning and deep neural networks; cryptography; cyber-physical systems; embedded systems; high performance computing; (open source) HW/SW platforms; sensors and actuators; silicon-photonics and optical communications; “makers” systems; system of systems; ubiquitous computing; wireless communications; radio frequency identification (RFID); digital signal and image processing; ultra-low-energy and low-power computation and storage; wired and power-line communications; 5G networks; cognitive systems; robotics; Industry 4.0; mechatronics

System Engineering: system modeling and simulation; requirement engineering; testing and verification; cultural heritage; serious games design and implementation; digital learning and education; collaborative applications and systems

Prof. Dr. Sergio Saponara
Prof. Dr. Alessandro De Gloria
Prof. Dr. Riccardo Berta
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Electronic systems and applications
  • Smart, green, and integrated transportation
  • Electronics for smart grids and renewable energy sources
  • Electronics for secure, clean and efficient energy production, storage, management
  • Digital technologies and Internet of Things
  • Cyber physical systems
  • Industry 4.0

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 16061 KiB  
Article
Design and Performance Evaluation of Multi-Gb/s Silicon Photonics Transmitters for High Energy Physics
by Simone Cammarata, Gabriele Ciarpi, Stefano Faralli, Philippe Velha, Guido Magazzù, Fabrizio Palla and Sergio Saponara
Energies 2020, 13(14), 3569; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13143569 - 10 Jul 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2649
Abstract
Optical links are rapidly becoming pervasive in the readout chains of particle physics detector systems. Silicon photonics (SiPh) stands as an attractive candidate to sustain the radiation levels foreseen in the next-generation experiments, while guaranteeing, at the same time, multi-Gb/s and energy-efficient data [...] Read more.
Optical links are rapidly becoming pervasive in the readout chains of particle physics detector systems. Silicon photonics (SiPh) stands as an attractive candidate to sustain the radiation levels foreseen in the next-generation experiments, while guaranteeing, at the same time, multi-Gb/s and energy-efficient data transmission. Integrated electronic drivers are needed to enable SiPh modulators’ deployment in compact on-detector front-end modules. A current-mode logic-based driver harnessing a pseudo-differential output stage is proposed in this work to drive different types of SiPh devices by means of the same circuit topology. The proposed driver, realized in a 65 nm bulk technology and already tested to behave properly up to an 8 MGy total ionizing dose, is hybridly integrated in this work with a lumped-element Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) and a ring modulator (RM), both fabricated in a 130 nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. Bit-error-rate (BER) performances confirm the applicability of the selected architecture to either differential and single-ended loads. A 5 Gb/s data rate, in line with the current high energy physics requirements, is achieved in the RM case, while a packaging-related performance degradation is captured in the MZM-based system, confirming the importance of interconnection modeling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Industrial Electronics and Cyber Physical Systems)
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18 pages, 8147 KiB  
Article
Modeling of Failure Probability for Reliability and Component Reuse of Electric and Electronic Equipment
by Massimo Conti and Simone Orcioni
Energies 2020, 13(11), 2843; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112843 - 03 Jun 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3949
Abstract
Recently, the concept of “circular economy”, the design for end-of-life, the problem of reduction of waste of electronic and electrical equipment are becoming more and more important. The design of electronic systems for end-of-life considers the possibility of their repair, reuse and recycle, [...] Read more.
Recently, the concept of “circular economy”, the design for end-of-life, the problem of reduction of waste of electronic and electrical equipment are becoming more and more important. The design of electronic systems for end-of-life considers the possibility of their repair, reuse and recycle, in order to reduce waste. This work proposes a new accurate model of failure probability density, that includes the failure probability of a used component in new equipment. The model has been tested, in conjunction with the International Electrotechnical Commission and Telcordia standard, in real industrial production. Eight years of historical faults have been analyzed and used to derive the fault models of the components. The model and analysis have been used for the analysis of real electronic products. The reuse of components could make an improvement to the reliability of the equipment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Industrial Electronics and Cyber Physical Systems)
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13 pages, 4073 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation of an Electrical Model for Sodium–Nickel Chloride Batteries
by Roberto Di Rienzo, Gianluca Simonte, Ian Biagioni, Federico Baronti, Roberto Roncella and Roberto Saletti
Energies 2020, 13(10), 2652; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102652 - 22 May 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2477
Abstract
This work describes the experimental characterization of a commercial sodium–nickel chloride battery and the investigation on a state-of-the-art model that represents the battery behavior. This battery technology is considered very promising but it has not fully been exploited yet. Besides improvements on the [...] Read more.
This work describes the experimental characterization of a commercial sodium–nickel chloride battery and the investigation on a state-of-the-art model that represents the battery behavior. This battery technology is considered very promising but it has not fully been exploited yet. Besides improvements on the technological side, accurate models of the battery should be found to allow the realization of Battery Management Systems with advanced functions. This achievement may extend the battery exploitation to its best. The paper describes the experimental set-up and the model parameter identification process, and discusses the identified parameters and the model validation tests. The comparison between model simulations and experiments shows that the model is rather accurate for low-current rates, but it loses accuracy and it is not able to reproduce with fidelity the battery behavior at low states of charge or at high current rates. Further research efforts and refinements of the model are necessary to make available a sodium–nickel chloride battery model accurate in any operating condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Industrial Electronics and Cyber Physical Systems)
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13 pages, 2625 KiB  
Article
Effect of the DC-Link Capacitor Size on the Wireless Inductive-Coupled Opportunity-Charging of a Drone Battery
by Andrea Carloni, Federico Baronti, Roberto Di Rienzo, Roberto Roncella and Roberto Saletti
Energies 2020, 13(10), 2621; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102621 - 21 May 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2338
Abstract
Wireless inductive-coupled power transfer and opportunity battery charging are very appealing techniques in drone applications. Weight and size are very critical constraints in drones, so the battery and the on-board electronics must be as light and small as possible. The on-board components involved [...] Read more.
Wireless inductive-coupled power transfer and opportunity battery charging are very appealing techniques in drone applications. Weight and size are very critical constraints in drones, so the battery and the on-board electronics must be as light and small as possible. The on-board components involved in the resonant inductive-coupled wireless power transfer usually consist of the secondary coil, the compensation capacitor, the bridge rectifier, the LC-filter and the battery. This paper suggests a sizing of the LC-filter capacitor that improves the charging power of the battery. In addition, further on-board space and size is saved by using the stray inductance of the battery as filtering inductor. LTSpice simulations and experimental tests carried out on the prototype of a wireless power transfer circuit shows the dependency of the power delivered to the battery on the filter capacitor size. Finally, it is found that the power transfer to the battery is maximized by choosing the capacitor value that sets the LC-filter resonant frequency close to the double of the excitation frequency of the wireless charging. The drawback is a large current and voltage ripple in the battery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Industrial Electronics and Cyber Physical Systems)
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18 pages, 12235 KiB  
Article
AdViSED: Advanced Video SmokE Detection for Real-Time Measurements in Antifire Indoor and Outdoor Systems
by Alessio Gagliardi and Sergio Saponara
Energies 2020, 13(8), 2098; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13082098 - 23 Apr 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3310
Abstract
This paper proposes a video-based smoke detection technique for early warning in antifire surveillance systems. The algorithm is developed to detect the smoke behavior in a restricted video surveillance environment, both indoor (e.g., railway carriage, bus wagon, industrial plant, or home/office) or outdoor [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a video-based smoke detection technique for early warning in antifire surveillance systems. The algorithm is developed to detect the smoke behavior in a restricted video surveillance environment, both indoor (e.g., railway carriage, bus wagon, industrial plant, or home/office) or outdoor (e.g., storage area or parking area). The proposed technique exploits a Kalman estimator, color analysis, image segmentation, blob labeling, geometrical features analysis, and M of N decisor, in order to extract an alarm signal within a strict real-time deadline. This new technique requires just a few seconds to detect fire smoke, and it is 15 times faster compared to the requirements of fire-alarm standards for industrial or transport systems, e.g., the EN50155 standard for onboard train fire-alarm systems. Indeed, the EN50155 considers a response time of at least 60 s for onboard systems. The proposed technique has been tested and compared with state-of-art systems using the open access Firesense dataset developed as an output of a European FP7 project, including several fire/smoke indoor and outdoor scenes. There is an improvement of all the detection metrics (recall, accuracy, F1 score, precision, etc.) when comparing Advanced Video SmokE Detection (AdViSED) with other video-based antifire works recently proposed in literature. The proposed technique is flexible in terms of input camera type and frame size and rate and has been implemented on a low-cost embedded platform to develop a distributed antifire system accessible via web browser. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Industrial Electronics and Cyber Physical Systems)
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20 pages, 5186 KiB  
Article
Design of an Observer-Based Architecture and Non-Linear Control Algorithm for Cogging Torque Reduction in Synchronous Motors
by Pierpaolo Dini and Sergio Saponara
Energies 2020, 13(8), 2077; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13082077 - 21 Apr 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2256
Abstract
The problem of cogging torque is due to a magnetic behavior, intrinsic to synchronous machines and due to the presence of permanent magnets themselves. Cogging torque is a significant problem when the servo drive is used for applications where high precision in terms [...] Read more.
The problem of cogging torque is due to a magnetic behavior, intrinsic to synchronous machines and due to the presence of permanent magnets themselves. Cogging torque is a significant problem when the servo drive is used for applications where high precision in terms of position control is required. In this paper we present a method of cogging torque reduction by means of a control technique based on mathematical modeling of the cogging phenomenon itself in order to exploit this knowledge directly in the controller design. The mathematical model is inserted in the dynamic model of the synchronous machine in order to exploit the feedback linearization, providing an expression of the control law in which the contribution of the deterministic knowledge of the phenomenon is directly present. The cogging phenomenon physically depends on the angular position of the rotor, as well as the deterministic model we use to define the control vector. This makes it interesting and innovative to determine whether the control algorithm can be inserted within a sensor-less architecture, where rotor position and angular velocity measurements are not available. For this purpose, we present the use of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) in the continuous-time domain, discussing the advantages of an observer design based on a dynamic motor model in three-phase and direct-square axes. Results are presented through very accurate simulation for a trajectory-tracking problem, completing with variational analysis in terms of variation of initial conditions between EKF and motor dynamics, and in terms of parametric variation to verify the robustness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, a computational analysis based on Simulink Profiler is proposed, which provides some indication for possible implementation on an embedded platform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Industrial Electronics and Cyber Physical Systems)
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16 pages, 932 KiB  
Article
Unsupervised Monitoring System for Predictive Maintenance of High Voltage Apparatus
by Christian Gianoglio, Edoardo Ragusa, Andrea Bruzzone, Paolo Gastaldo, Rodolfo Zunino and Francesco Guastavino
Energies 2020, 13(5), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13051109 - 02 Mar 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2265
Abstract
The online monitoring of a high voltage apparatus is a crucial aspect for a predictive maintenance program. Partial discharges (PDs) phenomena affect the insulation system of an electrical machine and—in the long term—can lead to a breakdown, with a consequent, significant economic loss; [...] Read more.
The online monitoring of a high voltage apparatus is a crucial aspect for a predictive maintenance program. Partial discharges (PDs) phenomena affect the insulation system of an electrical machine and—in the long term—can lead to a breakdown, with a consequent, significant economic loss; wind turbines provide an excellent example. Embedded solutions are therefore required to monitor the insulation status. The paper presents an online system that adopts unsupervised methodologies for assessing the condition of the monitored machine in real time. The monitoring process does not rely on any prior knowledge about the apparatus; nonetheless, the method can identify the relevant drifts in the machine status. In addition, the system is specifically designed to run on low-cost embedded devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications in Electronics Pervading Industry, Environment and Society—Industrial Electronics and Cyber Physical Systems)
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