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Energies
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Renewable Energy Microgrids for the Future of Electrical Grid
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Renewable Energy Microgrids for the Future of Electrical Grid

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 May 2024 | Viewed by 6638

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ghjuvan Antone Faggianelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Science for the Environment, University of Corsica, UMR CNRS 6134, 20000 Ajaccio, France
Interests: microgrids; photovoltaics; energy management
Prof. Dr. Christian Cristofari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Environmental Sciences SPE - UMR 6134, University of Corsica Pascal Paoli, 22 Avenue Jean Nicoli, 20250 Corte, France
Interests: hydrogen; microgrids

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, microgrids appear as a valuable option to provide a reliable electricity supply. Due to their ability to operate in grid-connected mode or islanded mode, they can improve the flexibility of the power grid while increasing the security of supply for consumers.

One challenge with the major development of microgrids is to support the new paradigm of electrical grids: moving from traditional grids with one-way control to new architectures with decentralized production and two-way interactions. Moreover, most microgrids focus on renewable energy systems, such as photovoltaics and wind power to produce electricity. High renewable energy penetration introduces a greater complexity due to the intermittent and unpredictable nature of these sources.

Common solutions to this issue lie in the use of energy storage systems with the development of robust energy management strategies, which may include production and load forecasting tools. According to the main purpose of the microgrid, various objectives can be met, such as optimizing the economic benefit, ensuring the security of supply, aiming for a certain level of self-consumption or reducing the carbon emission of the grid. Some of these points can be considered as constraints while others can be optimized through different methods (single or multi-objective problems).

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent developments that contribute to improve the management of microgrids and their interaction with the electrical grid.

Topics of interest for this Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  • Integration of renewable energy sources
  • Energy storage systems for microgrids
  • Microgrid optimal sizing
  • Energy management strategies
  • Energy supply reliability
  • Production forecasting applied to energy management
  • Load forecasting and scheduling

Dr. Ghjuvan Antone Faggianelli
Prof. Dr. Christian Cristofari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microgrids
  • renewable energy
  • energy storage
  • energy management

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 13547 KiB  
Article
A High-Voltage-Gain DC–DC Boost Converter with Zero-Ripple Input Current for Renewable Applications
by Héctor Hidalgo, Rodolfo Orosco, Héctor Huerta, Nimrod Vázquez, Claudia Hernández and Sergio Pinto
Energies 2023, 16(13), 4860; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134860 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1978
Abstract
Renewable energy sources in DC microgrids require high-performance conversion systems to increase their capacity and reliability. Among other characteristics in conversion systems, the current ripple is a characteristic that must be considered since it affects the performance of PV panels and batteries. In [...] Read more.
Renewable energy sources in DC microgrids require high-performance conversion systems to increase their capacity and reliability. Among other characteristics in conversion systems, the current ripple is a characteristic that must be considered since it affects the performance of PV panels and batteries. In this paper, a high-voltage-gain DC–DC boost converter for performing current ripple elimination that is based on a variable inductor is proposed. The topology is composed of a diode–capacitor voltage multiplier and a modified cascaded boost converter. To achieve voltage regulation, a reduced-order switched model is obtained considering the switched capacitor’s dynamics. To address the inductance variation and external disturbances, the H∞ control theory is adapted to systematically design a robust proportional–integral (PI) controller. Details of the working principles and the sizing of passive components are presented. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the input current ripple of the proposed converter can be removed in both transitory and steady states. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Microgrids for the Future of Electrical Grid)
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24 pages, 3345 KiB  
Article
Investing in Distributed Generation Technologies at Polish University Campuses during the Energy Transition Era
by Krzysztof Zagrajek, Mariusz Kłos, Desire D. Rasolomampionona, Mirosław Lewandowski, Karol Pawlak, Łukasz Baran, Tomasz Barcz, Przemysław Kołaczyński and Wojciech Suchecki
Energies 2023, 16(12), 4575; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124575 - 07 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1414
Abstract
The functioning of universities during the energy transition can be quite a challenge for them. On one hand, it is necessary to pursue a sensible policy of sustainable development based on the growth of their own renewable energy sources and electricity storage facilities. [...] Read more.
The functioning of universities during the energy transition can be quite a challenge for them. On one hand, it is necessary to pursue a sensible policy of sustainable development based on the growth of their own renewable energy sources and electricity storage facilities. The aim of such measures is to increase self-consumption and ensure partial energy self-reliance while reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. On the other hand, the current geopolitical situation has indicated significant problems in the energy sectors of European Union countries. From the point of view of decision-makers at universities, the main concern should be ensuring the continuity of the operation of such a facility, including ensuring the energy security of the sites under management. Thus, it is necessary to merge these two areas and consider the development of an energy management strategy on university campuses oriented towards the development of distributed generation resources. For this purpose, one of the methods of multi-criteria decision aiding the ELECTRE I was used. As a result of the analyses, an energy management strategy was established for the main campus of the Warsaw University of Technology, which simultaneously ensures energy security and sustainability efforts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Microgrids for the Future of Electrical Grid)
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Graphical abstract

21 pages, 3124 KiB  
Article
Economic and Environmental Assessment of Hydrogen Production from Brazilian Energy Grid
by José Carlos Curvelo Santana, Pedro Gerber Machado, Cláudio Augusto Oller do Nascimento and Celma de Oliveira Ribeiro
Energies 2023, 16(9), 3769; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093769 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1475
Abstract
The Brazilian energy grid is considered as one of the cleanest in the world, because it is composed of more than 80% of renewable energy sources. This work aimed to apply the levelized costs (LCOH) and environmental cost accounting techniques to demonstrate the [...] Read more.
The Brazilian energy grid is considered as one of the cleanest in the world, because it is composed of more than 80% of renewable energy sources. This work aimed to apply the levelized costs (LCOH) and environmental cost accounting techniques to demonstrate the feasibility of producing hydrogen (H2) by alkaline electrolysis powered by the Brazilian energy grid. A project of hydrogen production, with a lifetime of 20 years, had been evaluated by economical and sensitivity analysis. The production capacity (8.89 to 46.67 kg H2/h), production volume (25 to 100%), hydrogen sale price (1 to 5 USD/kg H2) and the MAR rate were varied. Results showed that at 2 USD/kg H2, all H2 production plant sizes are economically viable. On this condition, a payback of fewer than 4 years, an IRR greater than 31, a break-even point between 56 and 68% of the production volume and a ROI above 400% were found. The sensitivity analysis showed that the best economic condition was found at 35.56 kg H2/h of the plant size, which generated a net present value of USD 10.4 million. The cost of hydrogen varied between 1.26 and 1.64 USD/kg and a LCOH of 37.76 to 48.71 USD/MWh. LCA analysis showed that the hydrogen production project mitigated from 26 to 131 thousand tons of CO2, under the conditions studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Microgrids for the Future of Electrical Grid)
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12 pages, 2969 KiB  
Article
Evaluation and Solution Suggestions for Engineering and Workmanship Failures during Design and Installation of Solar Power Plants
by Hale Bakır and Adel Merabet
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1457; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031457 - 01 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1093
Abstract
Among the various renewable energy generation systems, the solar photovoltaic occupies a leading position today due to its simple structure. However, increasing the efficiency of solar photovoltaic systems is a highly researched topic. In this study, possible connection failures in maximum power inverters [...] Read more.
Among the various renewable energy generation systems, the solar photovoltaic occupies a leading position today due to its simple structure. However, increasing the efficiency of solar photovoltaic systems is a highly researched topic. In this study, possible connection failures in maximum power inverters and other failures, which decrease the efficiency in solar power plants, are examined. Furthermore, the possible consequences of these losses and their effects on the performance of solar power plants are explained. Some missing-failure processes were identified and corrected in the field analysis of the solar power plant in Turkey. Detected missing failures include connection failures of solar inverters, incorrect network configuration of camera system, fixing lighting time settings. The inverter string connection failure made during the projecting and assembly phase was eliminated and the maximum output was determined as 584.25 kW after the DC string arrangement. An increase of approximately 10% was achieved in production. In the project and application phase, the connection details of the inverters should be drawn and given to the field application personnel as a full-fledged project. In this way, incorrect connections that are not shown in the project and made in the field are prevented. This ensures that the installed power plant operates more efficiently, and the budgetary payback period of the investments made is shortened. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Renewable Energy Microgrids for the Future of Electrical Grid)
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