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Research on Refrigeration and Energy Storage for Carbon Emission Reduction

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B3: Carbon Emission and Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 August 2024 | Viewed by 2278

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yijian He

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Guest Editor

Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: refrigeration (heat pump) for air-conditioning; energy saving and control technologies of built environment; innovation of cryogenic refrigeration; technologies of food preservation and energy saving

Prof. Dr. Lijuan He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
Interests: technologies of refrigeration (heat pump) for air-conditioning; heat and mass transfer enhancement and regulation; energy-saving and control technologies of built environment; vapour-liquid phase equilibrium

Dr. Xiuzhen Li

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor

Institute of Building Energy and Thermal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
Interests: technologies of auto-cascade refrigeration and jet refrigeration; convection heat transfer enhancement and regulation; heat pump

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As global energy consumption continues to rise and environmental issues become increasingly prominent, the innovations of refrigeration (except for air-conditioning and cryogenics), such as improvement of efficiency, alternatives of new refrigerants and research on energy storage technology, have become crucially important. Refrigeration technologies with both high-efficiency and low GWP (global warm potentials) contribute to reducing energy consumption, decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, while simultaneously enhancing the performance and reliability. Energy storage is one of the key technologies to address the intermittency of renewable energy sources, enabling effective balancing of energy supply and demand, achieving efficient energy storage and utilization, and contributing to sustainable development. The integrated application of refrigeration and energy storage technologies can serve as a bridge between energy consumption and supply, facilitating efficient energy conversion. Furthermore, research on refrigeration and energy storage technology also has significant impacts on the sustainability of other fields.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the most recent advances related to the theory, design, modelling, application of all types of refrigeration and energy storage technologies, to promote the progress and innovation of refrigeration and energy storage.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

Application and optimization of renewable energy in refrigeration;

Innovative applications of refrigeration in energy storage and conversion;

Development and evaluation of new refrigeration and energy storage materials;

Application of intelligent control and optimization algorithms in refrigeration and energy storage;

Energy-saving retrofit and performance optimization of refrigeration and energy storage equipment;

Design and experimental research on environmentally friendly refrigeration and energy storage systems;

Model and evaluation on carbon emission reduction of new refrigeration and energy storage technologies;

Exploration on integration between energy storage and refrigeration.

Dr. Yijian He
Prof. Dr. Lijuan He
Dr. Xiuzhen Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

energy efficiency
energy storage
refrigeration
air-conditioning
renewable energy
fault diagnosis
performance optimization
intelligent control
properties of materials
carbon emission
enhancement of heat and mass transfer

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5186 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ANN-LSTM-A Water Consumption Prediction Based on Attention Mechanism Enhancement

by Xin Zhou, Xin Meng and Zhenyu Li

Energies 2024, 17(5), 1102; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17051102 - 25 Feb 2024

Viewed by 652

Abstract

To reduce the energy consumption of domestic hot water (DHW) production, it is necessary to reasonably select a water supply plan through early predictions of DHW consumption to optimize energy consumption. However, the fluctuations and intermittence of DHW consumption bring great challenges to the prediction of water consumption. In this paper, an ANN-LSTM-A water quantity prediction model based on attention mechanism (AM) enhancement is improved. The model includes an input layer, an AM layer, a hidden layer, and an output layer. Based on the combination of artificial neural network (ANN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) models, an AM is incorporated to address the issue of the traditional ANN model having difficulty capturing the long-term dependencies, such as lags and trends in time series, to improve the accuracy of the DHW consumption prediction. Through comparative experiments, it was found that the root mean square error of the ANN-LSTM-A model was 15.4%, 13.2%, and 13.2% lower than those of the ANN, LSTM, and ANN-LSTM models, respectively. The corresponding mean absolute error was 17.9%, 11.5%, and 8% lower than those of the ANN, LSTM, and ANN-LSTM models, respectively. The results showed that the proposed ANN-LSTM-A model yielded better performances in predicting DHW consumption than the ANN, LSTM, and ANN-LSTM models. This work provides an effective reference for the reasonable selection of the water supply plan and optimization of energy consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Refrigeration and Energy Storage for Carbon Emission Reduction)

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19 pages, 4024 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study of a Novel Hybrid Refrigeration System, with Natural Refrigerants and Ultra-Low Carbon Emissions, for Air Conditioning

by Yijian He, Yufu Zheng, Jianguang Zhao, Qifei Chen and Lunyuan Zhang

Energies 2024, 17(4), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040880 - 14 Feb 2024

Viewed by 513

Abstract

Due to its environmental benefits, CO₂ shows great potential in refrigeration systems. However, a basic CO₂ transcritical (BCT) refrigeration system used for airconditioning in buildings might generate massive indirect carbon emissions for its low COP. In this study, a novel CO₂ transcritical/two-stage absorption (CTTA) hybrid refrigeration system is broadly investigated, and both energy efficiency and life cycle climate performance (LCCP) are specifically engaged. The theoretical model shows that optimal parameters for the generator inlet temperature (T_G2), intermediate temperature (T_m), and discharge pressure (P_c), exist to achieve maximum COP_tol. Using the LCCP method, the carbon emissions of the CTTA system are compared to six typical refrigeration systems by using refrigerants, including R134a, R1234yf and R1234ze(E) etc. The LCCP value of the CTTA system is 3768 kg CO_2e/kW, which is 53.6% less than the BCT system and equivalent to the R134a system. Moreover, its LCCP value could be 3.4% less than the R1234ze(E) system if the COP of the CO₂ subsystem is further improved. In summary, the CTTA system achieves ultra-low carbon emissions, which provides a potential alternative to air conditioning systems in buildings that can be considered alongside R1234yf and R1234ze(E) systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Refrigeration and Energy Storage for Carbon Emission Reduction)

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14 pages, 3002 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simulation Research on the Optimization of Domestic Heat Pump Water Heater Condensers

by Yang Han, Rong Feng, Taiyang Xiao, Machao Guo, Jiahui Wu and Hong Cui

Energies 2023, 16(21), 7441; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16217441 - 04 Nov 2023

Viewed by 751

Abstract

To improve the heat transfer coefficient of a condenser, this paper proposes using a fin-tube condenser to replace a smooth-tube condenser in a domestic heat pump water heater. The finite element method is used to analyze the heat transfer coefficient of fin-tube condensers with different design parameters. By comparing the results of experiments with those obtained using CFD methods, it has been determined that the CFD method used in this study is feasible. Simulation results showed that the heat transfer coefficient enhanced clearly. The total thermal resistance of the fin-tube condenser decreased by 7% through increasing fin thickness. The total thermal resistance of the fin-tube condenser increased by 1–1.3% when fin spacing was increased. The heat transfer coefficient decreased severely and the maximum total thermal resistance of the fin-tube condenser increased by 8.7% with increasing fin height. In 600 s, when the fin spacing, fin height, fin thickness and inner diameter were 14 mm, 12.5 mm, 1.2 mm and 22.5 mm, respectively, compared to the smooth-tube condenser, the fin-tube condenser could increase the final water temperature by 18.37%, and the heat transfer coefficient would increase by about 95%. This research could provide a low-cost way to improve the heat transfer coefficient of condensers in domestic heat pump water heaters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Refrigeration and Energy Storage for Carbon Emission Reduction)

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