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Diversity
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Diversity of Macroparasites in Marine Fishes
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Diversity of Macroparasites in Marine Fishes

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Diversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 10770

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ilya Gordeev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, V. Krasnoselskaya Str. 17, 107140 Moscow, Russia
2. Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia
Interests: parasitology; helminths; ichthyology; fisheries
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sergey Sokolov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Av. 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
Interests: parasitology; helminths; systematics; phylogeny
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a forthcoming Special Issue of Diversity focused on parasites of marine fish. Marine fish play an important role in native communities, not only as part of the food chain, but also as hosts for parasitic worms and crustaceans. Various groups of helminths (cestodes, trematodes, nematodes, acanthocephalans, copepods, isopods, hirudineans) make up a huge share of the biological diversity of marine ecosystems. Pathologies caused by helminth infection affect the survival of the hosts, which entails damage to the presentation of the commercially important fish species. Besides causing direct damage to hosts, they also affect the flows of matter and energy. Marine fish harbor helminths that are dangerous to human health (anisakids, heterophyids, etc.), which makes marine parasitology a very important branch of marine biology.

This Special Issue is devoted to a wide range of issues related to parasites of marine fish: geographic and depth distribution of parasites, biogeography, host specificity, life cycles, taxonomy, phylogeny, genetic diversity, biochemistry of parasite–host interaction, physiological features of marine fish parasites associated with the accumulation of heavy metals, ichthyopathology, and parasitic diseases of marine aquaculture.

Dr. Ilya Gordeev
Dr. Sergey Sokolov
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diversity is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • helminths
  • marine environment
  • teleost fish
  • elasmobranch fish
  • infection
  • parasitology
  • species diversity
  • systematics
  • genetics
  • phylogeny

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 3440 KiB  
Article
No Tail No Fail: Life Cycles of the Zoogonidae (Digenea)
by Georgii Kremnev, Anna Gonchar, Alexandra Uryadova, Vladimir Krapivin, Olga Skobkina, Arseniy Gubler and Darya Krupenko
Diversity 2023, 15(1), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/d15010121 - 16 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1661
Abstract
The Zoogonidae is the only digenean family where known cercariae lack the tail but actively search for the second intermediate host. However, the data on the zoogonid life cycles are scarce. In the present study, we elucidated and verified life cycles of the [...] Read more.
The Zoogonidae is the only digenean family where known cercariae lack the tail but actively search for the second intermediate host. However, the data on the zoogonid life cycles are scarce. In the present study, we elucidated and verified life cycles of the Zoogonidae from the White Sea. Using rDNA data, we showed that Pseudozoogonoides subaequiporus utilizes gastropods from the family Buccinidae as the first intermediate host and protobranch bivalves as the second one. This life cycle can be facultatively truncated: some cercariae of P. subaequiporus encyst within the daughter sporocysts. Molecular data also confirmed previous hypotheses on Zoogonoides viviapus life cycle with buccinid gastropods acting as the first intermediate hosts, and annelids and bivalves as the second intermediate hosts. We demonstrated the presence of short tail primordium in the developing cercariae of both species. Based on the reviewed and our own data, we hypothesize that the emergence of tailless cercariae in the evolution of the Zoogonidae is linked to the switch to non-arthropod second intermediate hosts, and that it possibly happened only in the subfamily Zoogoninae. Basally branching zoogonids have retained the ancestral second intermediate host and might have also retained the tail. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity of Macroparasites in Marine Fishes)
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24 pages, 3335 KiB  
Article
Rediscovering Monogenoids (Platyhelminthes) Parasitizing Pomacentrid and Chaetodontid Fishes from Cayo Arcas Reef, Gulf of Mexico
by Edgar F. Mendoza-Franco, Nuno Simões, Víctor M. Vidal-Martínez and M. Leopoldina Aguirre-Macedo
Diversity 2022, 14(11), 985; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110985 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1547
Abstract
During a research of gill ectoparasites on damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) from the Cayo Arcas reef in the Campeche Bank (Gulf of Mexico), the following monogenoids (Platyhelminthes) were found: Paraeuryhaliotrema pomacentris n. gen., n. sp. (Dactylogyridae) on beaugregory Stegastes xanthurus (Poey, 1860) [...] Read more.
During a research of gill ectoparasites on damselfishes (Pomacentridae) and butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae) from the Cayo Arcas reef in the Campeche Bank (Gulf of Mexico), the following monogenoids (Platyhelminthes) were found: Paraeuryhaliotrema pomacentris n. gen., n. sp. (Dactylogyridae) on beaugregory Stegastes xanthurus (Poey, 1860) (Pomacentridae) that is characterized, in part, by possessing a haptor armed with a dorsal, ventral anchor-bar complexes, seven pairs of similar hooks; two pairs of eyespots; overlapping gonads; a copulatory complex composed of a male copulatory organ (MCO) and an accessory piece; MCO tubular with a bulbous base from which arises a coiled shaft in the clockwise direction; and a dextral vaginal pore; Neohaliotrema variabilis n. sp. on bicolor damselfish Stegastes partitus (Poey, 1868) (type host), beaugregory Stegastes xanthurus (Poey, 1860) and beaugregory Stegastes leucostictus (Müller & Troschel, 1848); Neohaliotrema manubrium n. sp., Neohaliotrema aliamanubrium n. sp. and Neohaliotrema bifidum n. sp., Neohaliotrema bychowskii Zhukov, 1976 and Neohaliotrema macracanthum Zhukov, 1976 on Sergeant-major Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Pomacentridae); Neohaliotrema similium n. sp. on S. xanthurus; Haliotrema brevicirrus Zhukov 1976 on spotfin butterflyfish Chaetodon ocellatus Bloch 1787 (Chaetodontidae); Microcotyle multilineatus n. sp. (Microcotylidae) on brown chromis Chromis multilineata (Guichenot 1853) (Pomacentridae). The new species are described and illustrated; new illustrations and measurements of the haptoral structures, and new redescription and illustrations are provided for N. bychowskii, N. macracanthum and H. brevicirrus, respectively. The present study represents the first knowledge about ectoparasitic monogenoids of fishes in the Cayo Arcas reef from the Gulf of Mexico. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity of Macroparasites in Marine Fishes)
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18 pages, 1185 KiB  
Article
A Phylogenetic Re-Evaluation of the Stenakrine Opecoelids (Trematoda, Digenea: Opecoeloidea) with Some Taxonomic Novelties
by Sergey G. Sokolov, Sergei V. Shchenkov, Eugeniy V. Frolov and Ilya I. Gordeev
Diversity 2022, 14(11), 949; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14110949 - 05 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1671
Abstract
The Opecoeloidea is a large group of xiphidiate digeneans parasitizing marine and freshwater fishes. According to the current taxonomic model, this superfamily contains only one family with numerous subfamilies. This study is devoted to the members of the Stenakrinae. Based on phylogenetic analysis [...] Read more.
The Opecoeloidea is a large group of xiphidiate digeneans parasitizing marine and freshwater fishes. According to the current taxonomic model, this superfamily contains only one family with numerous subfamilies. This study is devoted to the members of the Stenakrinae. Based on phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of 18S and 28S rRNA genes of stenakrine opecoelids Caudotestis dobrovolski, C. cf. dobrovolski, Hexagrammia zhukovi, Stenakron vetustum, as well as the deep-sea xiphidiate digenean Zdzitowieckitrema incognitum, which so far has had an ambiguous phylogenetic status, we erect a new opecoeloid family, the Zdzitowieckitrematidae fam. nov. The genera Holsworthotrema and Scorpidotrema are removed from the Stenakrinae to the Scorpidotrematinae subfam. nov. within the Opecoelidae. We also remove the Stenakrinae from the Opecoelidae and recognize it as a separate family within the Opecoeloidea. The Stenakridae stat. nov. is a sister taxon to a well-supported Opecoelidae. The Zdzitowieckitrematidae occupies a sister position relative to the stenakrids and the opecoelids taken together. All three families are clearly phylogenetically distinct, however convincing morphological differences are revealed only between the Zdzitowieckitrematidae and the Stenakridae and between the Opecoelidae and the Stenakridae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity of Macroparasites in Marine Fishes)
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9 pages, 870 KiB  
Article
Spatial Pattern of Genetic Diversity in the Blood Fluke Aporocotyle argentinensis (Digenea, Aporocotylidae) from South American Hakes (Pisces: Merluccidae)
by Marcelo E. Oliva, Leyla Cárdenas, Isabel M. Valdivia, Paulina Bruning, Luis Figueroa-Fabrega and Rubén Escribano
Diversity 2022, 14(9), 772; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14090772 - 19 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1599
Abstract
Distribution of blood fluke Aporocotyle spp. parasitizing Merluccius species from the coasts of South America (Peru, Chile and Argentina) constitutes an excellent opportunity to evaluate the geographical amplitude in which a parasite can exploit the same host species. Phylogenetic analyses (partial sequences of [...] Read more.
Distribution of blood fluke Aporocotyle spp. parasitizing Merluccius species from the coasts of South America (Peru, Chile and Argentina) constitutes an excellent opportunity to evaluate the geographical amplitude in which a parasite can exploit the same host species. Phylogenetic analyses (partial sequences of SSU rDNA, LSU rDNa, and cox1 gene) were performed to characterize the genetic lineage of Aporocotyle species described from South American Hake: Merluccius australis, M. gayi, and M. hubbsi. The Phylogenetic analyses (SSUrDNA and LSUrDNA) revealed an absence of genetic variability in Aporocotyle obtained over a gradient of 6800 km, covering two oceans and three closely related hosts. Consequently, the species infecting Merluccius spp. in South America is Aporocotyle argentinensis Smith 1969, by priority law. Phylogeographic analysis suggests a pattern of spatial differentiation and genetic population structure associated with the geographical distribution of the host’s species. A specimen with a haplotype found in M. gayi was collected from M. australis from Puerto Montt, and three worms (from Coquimbo, Constitución and Talcahuano, host M. gayi) harbored a haplotype found in M. australis + M. hubbsi, suggesting that the gene flow between different hosts and geographical distributions occurs when the distribution of adequate hosts overlaps, avoiding speciation in blood flukes from South American hakes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity of Macroparasites in Marine Fishes)
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12 pages, 1486 KiB  
Article
Restoration of the Genus Paraunisaccoides Martin, 1973 (Digenea: Haploporidae) and Description of P. elegans n. sp. and Unisaccus halongi n. sp. from Mugilid Fish in Vietnam
by D. M. Atopkin, V. V. Besprozvannykh, A. Yu. Beloded, N. D. Ha, H. V. Nguyen and T. V. Nguyen
Diversity 2022, 14(8), 639; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14080639 - 11 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1230
Abstract
We restore the genus Paraunisaccoides (Haploporidae), synonymised earlier with the genus Skrjabinolecithum. Adult worms, detected in Vietnamese mullet fish, were highly similar to trematodes described as P. lobolecithum via digestive and genital system structures and relative organ arrangement. Differences are expressed as [...] Read more.
We restore the genus Paraunisaccoides (Haploporidae), synonymised earlier with the genus Skrjabinolecithum. Adult worms, detected in Vietnamese mullet fish, were highly similar to trematodes described as P. lobolecithum via digestive and genital system structures and relative organ arrangement. Differences are expressed as absence and presence of pads on the hermaphrodite duct, respectively, and the disjunction of some metric parameter values, namely body, ovary and eggs. Ribosomal DNA sequences, based on the phylogenetic analysis of Haploporidae, indicates that new worms represent a sister clade to Unisaccus tonkini. Genetic divergence between new worms and Skrjabinolecithum species can be interpreted as intergeneric. Based on morphological and molecular data, we recognise Paraunisaccoides as a valid genus within Waretrematinae and worms from Vietnam as a new species of this genus, P. elegans n. sp. Other worms detected in Vietnamese mugilids are morphologically similar to representatives of Paraunisaccoides и Skrjabinolecithum. However, molecular-based phylogenetic analysis showed that these trematodes are closely related to Unisaccus tonkini; the genetic divergence between them is at the interspecific level, despite considerable differences in vitellarium structure as intergeneric character. Accepting the priority of molecular results, we include these new worms into the genus Unisaccus as new species, Unisaccus halongi n. sp. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity of Macroparasites in Marine Fishes)
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10 pages, 4023 KiB  
Article
Phylogenetic Evidence for the Lissorchiid Concept of the Genus Anarhichotrema Shimazu, 1973 (Trematoda, Digenea)
by Sergey G. Sokolov, Sergei V. Shchenkov and Ilya I. Gordeev
Diversity 2022, 14(2), 147; https://doi.org/10.3390/d14020147 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1696
Abstract
Anarhichotrema Shimazu, 1973 is a monotypic digenean genus, with the type- and only species, Anarhichotrema ochotense Shimazu, 1973, known to infect North Pacific fishes. This genus was originally described as a member of the Lissorchiidae (Monorchioidea) and later moved to the Zoogonidae (Microphalloidea). [...] Read more.
Anarhichotrema Shimazu, 1973 is a monotypic digenean genus, with the type- and only species, Anarhichotrema ochotense Shimazu, 1973, known to infect North Pacific fishes. This genus was originally described as a member of the Lissorchiidae (Monorchioidea) and later moved to the Zoogonidae (Microphalloidea). Its exact phylogenetic position has remained unresolved due to the lack of molecular data. In this study, we isolated specimens of A. ochotense from the Bering wolffish, Anarhichas orientalis Pallas, 1814 caught in the Sea of Okhotsk, described them morphologically and performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis of their nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA regions. The specimens examined in our study generally corresponded to previous morphological descriptions of A. ochotense but were noticeably smaller, possibly due to the crowding effect. The phylogenetic analysis placed Anarhichotrema within the Lissorchiidae as a sister taxon to the group comprising freshwater lissorchiids. Thus, we restore Anarhichotrema to the Lissorchiidae, as originally assigned. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diversity of Macroparasites in Marine Fishes)
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