Effects of Environmental Change on Meiofauna

A special issue of Diversity (ISSN 1424-2818). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Diversity".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 7438

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Centre for the Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK
Interests: marine ecosystems; meiofauna; nematodes; disturbance; biodiversity; community ecology

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Guest Editor
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
Interests: marine ecology; statistical methods; marine benthos; meiofauna

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Meiofauna, a group of small-sized organisms (<1 mm) are the most abundant and phyletically diverse metazoans on Earth. They have successfully adapted to nearly every ecosystem: from marine and freshwater sediments to terrestrial soils, from the polar regions to the tropics, and from the mountains to the ocean depths. They play an important role as trophic intermediaries between micro- and macroscopic organisms in food webs and mediate a range of globally important ecosystem processes. Because meiofauna have a high site fidelity and are short-lived, they integrate short-term fluctuations of, and longer-term trends in, local environmental conditions. The small size of meiofauna coupled with their often-high abundance and diversity, and continuous reproduction make them amenable to in situ and experimental studies of changes within ecosystems. This Special Issue highlights new research on all aspects of the response of meiofauna to natural environmental dynamics and man-made perturbations. It specifically addresses the effects of environmental changes on (i) meiofauna populations, diversity, and distributions at multiple spatial and temporal scales, (ii) inter- and intraspecific interactions of meiofauna, and (iii) meiofauna-mediated ecosystem processes.

Dr. Michaela Schratzberger
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 2094 KiB  
Article
Testing Bathymetric and Regional Patterns in the Southwest Atlantic Deep Sea Using Infaunal Diversity, Structure, and Function
by Giovanni A. P. dos Santos, Alexsandra C. Silva, André M. Esteves, Venina P. Ribeiro-Ferreira, Patricia. F. Neres, Yirina Valdes and Jeroen Ingels
Diversity 2020, 12(12), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/d12120485 - 18 Dec 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3138
Abstract
A better understanding of deep-sea biology requires knowledge of the structure and function of their communities, the spatial, temporal, and environmental patterns, and the changes and dynamics that govern them. Some of the most studied patterns in deep-sea biology are those related to [...] Read more.
A better understanding of deep-sea biology requires knowledge of the structure and function of their communities, the spatial, temporal, and environmental patterns, and the changes and dynamics that govern them. Some of the most studied patterns in deep-sea biology are those related to bathymetrical gradients. For meiofauna and nematodes, such studies have highlighted the importance of recognizing regional differences in using ecological mechanisms to explain those patterns. Despite holding significant fisheries and oil and gas resources, the eastern Brazilian Continental Margin is poorly understood with respect to its seafloor biology and ecology. To answer ecological questions of deep-sea infaunal structural and functional diversity in relation to bathymetrical patterns, we used nematode data from five bathymetric transects (400, 1000, 1900, 2500, and 3000 m water depth) sampled in 2011 and 2013 on the Espírito Santo slope off the coast of southeast (SE) Brazil. Deep nematode community analysis based on 6763 nematode identifications showed very high levels of diversity (201 genera; 43 families) compared to other ocean basins and deep-sea regions. Our analyses showed that there is a distinct bathymetric break in standing stocks and community structure between 1000 and 1900 m. Nematode standing stocks were much higher at 400 and 1000 m compared to those for similar depths worldwide, likely linked to the intense and frequent upwelling and specific hydrographic and topographic identity of the region. The bathymetric break was not present for structural and functional nematode diversity. Instead, bathymetric regressions showed that they increased gradually toward 3000 m water depth. The deep Espírito Santo basin is characterized by rich and equitable nematode communities that are both mature and trophically diverse. General deep-sea ecological theories apply to our findings, but there are also substantial regional effects related to the local margin topography, upwelling, and oceanographic and hydrodynamic processes that make the Espírito Santo Basin a unique and diverse deep-sea ecosystem. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Environmental Change on Meiofauna)
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34 pages, 8326 KiB  
Article
Nourished, Exposed Beaches Exhibit Altered Sediment Structure and Meiofaunal Communities
by Stephen R. Fegley, Julian P. S. Smith III, Douglas Johnson, Amelia Schirmer , Jeremiah Jones‐Boggs, Austin Edmonds and Joseph Bursey
Diversity 2020, 12(6), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/d12060245 - 15 Jun 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3388
Abstract
To retain recreational uses and shoreline protection, a large proportion of ocean beaches have been, and continue to be, nourished. Adding sand from subtidal and terrestrial sources to nourish beaches rarely re-creates the original sediment structure of the beach. Numerous studies have demonstrated [...] Read more.
To retain recreational uses and shoreline protection, a large proportion of ocean beaches have been, and continue to be, nourished. Adding sand from subtidal and terrestrial sources to nourish beaches rarely re-creates the original sediment structure of the beach. Numerous studies have demonstrated that meiofaunal communities are altered by changes in sediment composition in low-energy substrates, therefore, we have explored whether beach nourishment has affected exposed, ocean beach meiofaunal communities. Since the early 2000s, we have conducted a series of sampling and experimental studies on meiofauna and sediments on nourished beaches in coastal North Carolina USA that had been sampled previously in the early 1970s, prior to any beach nourishment. Most of our studies consider meiofauna at the level of major taxa only. However, a few studies examine free-living flatworm (turbellarian) species in detail because of the existence of historical studies examining this group. Comparison of contemporary results to historical data and of heavily nourished versus lightly nourished beaches reveals extensive changes to beach sediment structure and meiofaunal community composition, indicating that the beaches are a more heterogeneous habitat than in the past. The effects of these substantial physical and biological changes to the production of beach ecosystem services are unlikely to be inconsequential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Environmental Change on Meiofauna)
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