Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Diabetology
Special Issues
Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve...
share announcement

Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes

A special issue of Diabetology (ISSN 2673-4540).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2022) | Viewed by 41000

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Paulo Matafome

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) and Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: glycation; insulin sensitivity; gut hormones; diabetic vascular complications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lifestyle changes towards less healthy behaviours with the increased consumption of westernised diets and processed food is associated with the increasing prevalence of overweight in young adults and risk for obesity and associated pathologies later in life. The World Health Organization (WHO) established guidelines for free sugar intake in adults and children below 5–10% of the total daily energy, but recent studies support that it may be 15–20% in adults. The consumption of added sugars contributes to an increased energy density of the diet, leading to a positive energy balance, higher waist circumference, and weight gain, increasing the risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Sugars may be divided into two distinct groups: those naturally present and those added to foods. Natural or intrinsic sugars are naturally present in foods, such as fruit sugar (fructose), vegetables, honey, and sugars from dairy products (galactose and lactose). The added sugars are a large group of mono- and di-saccharides added to foods during processing, preparation, or at the table, with the objective of sweetening and increasing food palatability and shelf life, improving texture, inhibiting growth microorganisms in high concentrations, giving functional structures, or offering more accessibility. They are mostly found in sugary drinks, pastry products, cookies, fruit juices, energy drinks, nectars, fruit juices, concentrated fruit, white bread, and breakfast cereals.

The impact of dietary sugars on the pathophysiological mechanisms of type 2 diabetes and its complications is not entirely understood. This Special Issue will explore the association between the excessive consumption of dietary sugars, their sources and types, as well as their different impact in several features of type 2 diabetes aetiology and mechanisms of disease

Prof. Dr. Paulo Matafome
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diabetology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • T2D
  • sugar consumption
  • western diet
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • etiology
  • mechanisms

Published Papers (11 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Editorial

Jump to: Review, Other

2 pages, 193 KiB  
Editorial
Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes
by Paulo Matafome
Diabetology 2023, 4(2), 184-185; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4020018 - 10 Jun 2023
Viewed by 965
Abstract
Lifestyle changes and less healthy behaviours include dietary changes toward increased consumption of Westernised diets and processed food [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Other

16 pages, 1646 KiB  
Review
Are Dietary Sugars Potent Adipose Tissue and Immune Cell Modulators?
by Pedro Barbosa and Eugenia Carvalho
Diabetology 2023, 4(1), 30-45; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4010005 - 19 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2529
Abstract
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are widely used in the food industry as sweeteners and food additives. The over-consumption of these carbohydrates has been identified as a possible trigger of non-communicable diseases. These include insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. These sugars induce [...] Read more.
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are widely used in the food industry as sweeteners and food additives. The over-consumption of these carbohydrates has been identified as a possible trigger of non-communicable diseases. These include insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. These sugars induce an energy overload with consequent adipose tissue (AT) expansion, contributing to the development of obesity. Furthermore, a common feature of these non-communicable diseases is the detrimental, chronic, low-grade inflammation contributing to their onset. In the present review, we identify the most widely used dietary free sugars and their direct impacts on AT metabolism and inflammation, as well as their involvement in systemic inflammation and effects on the immune cell phenotype and function. Additionally, we discuss the capacity of the free sugars to induce immune modulation, enhancing inflammation, an underlying hallmark of insulin resistance, obesity, and T2DM. Dietary sugars have an important and deleterious metabolic impact on AT and also on immune cells. More research is needed to effectively understand the impact of chronic exposure to high levels of individual or combined sugars on metabolism, with the impact on immunomodulation being especially important. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 5533 KiB  
Review
Impact of Sugars on Hypothalamic Satiety Pathways and Its Contribution to Dysmetabolic States
by Adriana M. Capucho and Silvia V. Conde
Diabetology 2023, 4(1), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4010001 - 24 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3394
Abstract
Food behaviour is a complex and multifaceted cooperation between physiologic, psychological, social, and genetic factors, influencing meal timing, amount of food intake, food preferences, and food selections. Deregulation of the neurobiological mechanisms controlling food behaviour underlies the development of obesity and type 2 [...] Read more.
Food behaviour is a complex and multifaceted cooperation between physiologic, psychological, social, and genetic factors, influencing meal timing, amount of food intake, food preferences, and food selections. Deregulation of the neurobiological mechanisms controlling food behaviour underlies the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, two epidemics of the present century. Several brain nuclei are involved in the regulation of the different components of food behaviours; the hypothalamus is the key in controlling appetite and energy homeostasis. In this review, we will explain the role of the hypothalamus in the control of food intake and its interplay with other brain nuclei important in food behaviour. We will also highlight the deregulation of satiety pathways in type 2 diabetes and obesity and the mechanisms behind this deregulation. Finally, knowing that there are different categories of sugars and that they differently impact food behaviours, we will review in a concise manner the studies referring to the effects of sugars in satiety and reward pathways and their impacts on metabolic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 239 KiB  
Review
Sources of Free and Added Sugars and Their Nutritional Impact in Diabetic Patients
by Tatiana Fernandes, Ana Faria and Helena Loureiro
Diabetology 2022, 3(4), 634-638; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3040049 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1740
Abstract
A high consumption of sugar leads to an increase in caloric intake, which in turn will lead to a higher risk of developing health issues. Foods contain both naturally occurring sugars and added sugars. The World Health Organization recommends that the daily intake [...] Read more.
A high consumption of sugar leads to an increase in caloric intake, which in turn will lead to a higher risk of developing health issues. Foods contain both naturally occurring sugars and added sugars. The World Health Organization recommends that the daily intake of free sugars be below 10% of the total daily energy intake. Food performs a key role in maintaining an adequate glycaemic control in people with diabetes. However, there is a low compliance to dietary recommendations, namely in the amount of sugar intake. This review article aims to assess and compare the intake of various types of sugars in the general population and among individuals with and without a diabetes diagnosis, identify the food sources that contribute to the intake of free and added sugars, and understand their impact on health. Studies performed on the general population found that the consumption of sugar was high, and that children and teens are more likely to exceed the recommended amounts. It was found that diabetics consume less total and added sugar than non-diabetics, as well as a less sugary drinks. Guidelines and public health policy measures aimed at limiting the intake of free and added sugars are needed in order to minimize the consumption of foods high in empty calories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)
9 pages, 726 KiB  
Review
Diet Modifications towards Restoration of Insulin Sensitivity and Daily Insulin Fluctuations in Diabetes
by Ana Magalhães, Cátia Barra, Ana Borges and Lèlita Santos
Diabetology 2022, 3(4), 606-614; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3040046 - 22 Nov 2022
Viewed by 2944
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is essential in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Disruption of circadian mechanisms is associated with the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. Lifestyle changes such as an equilibrated diet and physical activity are known to improve [...] Read more.
The circadian rhythm is essential in order to maintain metabolic homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Disruption of circadian mechanisms is associated with the development of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. Lifestyle changes such as an equilibrated diet and physical activity are known to improve glycaemic control in diabetic patients. One of the mechanisms possibly involved in such an improvement is the restoration of insulin circadian rhythms. There are several available dietary schemes based on circadian rhythms. Some of them are associated with better regulation of daily insulin fluctuations and the improvement of Type 2 Diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In the current review, we aim to explore how the different types of diet can impact glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes, highlighting the interactions with the mechanisms of circadian insulin rhythm and the prevention of hyperinsulinemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 644 KiB  
Review
Gut Metabolism of Sugars: Formation of Glycotoxins and Their Intestinal Absorption
by Tamaeh Monteiro-Alfredo and Paulo Matafome
Diabetology 2022, 3(4), 596-605; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3040045 - 10 Nov 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2852
Abstract
Glycotoxins include the group of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their precursors, most of them highly reactive intermediary compounds of sugar metabolism. Glycotoxins and products of the Maillard reaction are present in high concentrations in foods rich in sugars and processed at high [...] Read more.
Glycotoxins include the group of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their precursors, most of them highly reactive intermediary compounds of sugar metabolism. Glycotoxins and products of the Maillard reaction are present in high concentrations in foods rich in sugars and processed at high temperatures and are often associated with the flavour of the food. Proteins undergoing this type of molecular modification are targets for gut peptidases and may be absorbed into circulation. AGEs are associated with the toxic effects of glucose in diabetic patients, and some studies have shown that they also contribute to metabolically unhealthy obesity and prediabetes development. Restriction of dietary glycotoxins was shown to improve insulin resistance in humans. However, the real contribution of dietary AGEs to such mechanisms is still not understood. This review summarizes the current knowledge about glycotoxin formation from dietary sugars, their digestion throughout the gastrointestinal system, and the mechanisms of their intestinal absorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1073 KiB  
Review
The Bitter Side of Sugar Consumption: A Mitochondrial Perspective on Diabetes Development
by Mariana S. Diniz, Carolina Tocantins, Luís F. Grilo and Susana P. Pereira
Diabetology 2022, 3(4), 583-595; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3040044 - 07 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 10615
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased worldwide at an alarming rate. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major risk factor for T2D development. One of the main reasons for the abrupt rise in MetS incidence, besides a sedentary lifestyle, is the westernized diet consumption, [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased worldwide at an alarming rate. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major risk factor for T2D development. One of the main reasons for the abrupt rise in MetS incidence, besides a sedentary lifestyle, is the westernized diet consumption, with high content of industrialized foods, rich in added dietary sugars (DS), mainly sucrose and fructose. It has been suggested that a higher intake of DS could impair metabolic function, inducing MetS, and predisposing to T2D. However, it remains poorly explored how excessive DS intake modulates mitochondrial function, a key player in metabolism. This review explores the relationship between increased consumption of DS and mitochondrial dysfunction associated with T2D development, pointing to a contribution of the diet-induced accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), with brief insights on the impact of maternal high-sugar diet and AGEs consumption during gestation on offspring increased risk of developing T2D later in life, contributing to perpetuate T2D propagation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 583 KiB  
Review
Impact of Dietary Sugars on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health
by Karina Garcia, Gonçalo Ferreira, Flávio Reis and Sofia Viana
Diabetology 2022, 3(4), 549-560; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology3040042 - 28 Oct 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7751
Abstract
Excessive sugar consumption is a risk factor for the development of several disorders, including metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological conditions and even some cancers, and has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality. The popularization of the typical Western diet, featured by an excessive intake [...] Read more.
Excessive sugar consumption is a risk factor for the development of several disorders, including metabolic, cardiovascular, neurological conditions and even some cancers, and has been linked to increased morbidity and mortality. The popularization of the typical Western diet, featured by an excessive intake of saturated fats and added sugars and a low consumption of unprocessed fruits, vegetables and fiber, may directly affect the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota, staggering the balance of the intestinal microbiome that ultimately culminates into gut dysbiosis. Although added sugars in the form of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners are generally considered as safe, a growing body of evidence correlate their consumption with adverse effects on gut microbial ecosystem; namely an abnormal synthesis of short-chain fatty acids, altered intestinal barrier integrity and chronic inflammation that often fuel a panoply of metabolic conditions. Accordingly, this work revisited the available preclinical evidence concerning the impact of different types of dietary sugars—nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners—on gut microbiota and metabolic health. Future research should consider gender and species vulnerability when the impact of such substances on GM community and metabolic health is scrutinized in order to guide their adequate use at doses relevant to human use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Editorial, Review

8 pages, 664 KiB  
Opinion
Dietary Sugars during Critical Phases of Development and Long-Term Risk of Non-Communicable Diseases
by Marcos Divino Ferreira-Junior, Keilah Valéria Naves Cavalcante, Ariel Penha Carvalho da Mota and Rodrigo Mello Gomes
Diabetology 2023, 4(3), 243-250; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4030021 - 25 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1622
Abstract
Obesity and the intake of high-sugar diets have dramatically increased in recent decades. However, it is still uncertain how sugar intake during the critical development phase affects the long-term health of children. In this context, the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) [...] Read more.
Obesity and the intake of high-sugar diets have dramatically increased in recent decades. However, it is still uncertain how sugar intake during the critical development phase affects the long-term health of children. In this context, the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concept established a correlation between early life environment and the development of cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the consequences of sugar intake during the critical development phase for the onset of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We found evidence that increased sugar intake during pregnancy contributes to maternal obesity and many cardiometabolic dysfunctions in the offspring. Furthermore, dietary sugar during the suckling period provokes the obese phenotype in adulthood. Finally, high-sugar diet intake during childhood induces metabolic syndrome and depressive-like behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

6 pages, 660 KiB  
Opinion
Impact of Dietary Sugars on β-Cell Function
by Ananda Malta, Lucas Paulo Jacinto Saavedra, Scarlett Rodrigues Raposo, Gabriel Kian Guimarães Lopes, Maryana Debossan Fernandes, Letícia Ferreira Barbosa, Douglas Lopes Almeida and Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
Diabetology 2023, 4(2), 178-183; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4020017 - 01 May 2023
Viewed by 2072
Abstract
Regular consumption of dietary sugars can cause significant damage to the β-cells. Almost a century after the discovery of insulin, it has been suggested that the frequent consumption of certain carbohydrates can damage pancreatic β-cells, causing disturbances in the regulation of insulin secretion. [...] Read more.
Regular consumption of dietary sugars can cause significant damage to the β-cells. Almost a century after the discovery of insulin, it has been suggested that the frequent consumption of certain carbohydrates can damage pancreatic β-cells, causing disturbances in the regulation of insulin secretion. Most noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension have a common origin, metabolic dysfunction, which is partly due to β-cell malfunction. In this article, we believed that sugars can lead to an imbalance in cellular metabolism, causing insulin exocytosis to dangerously increase or decrease blood insulin concentrations. In this study, we describe the major mechanism of insulin secretion and discuss the effects of sugar on pancreatic β-cells. Although many environmental factors strongly influence β-cells, occidental diet, including excess sugar, has been found to be the predominant factor that kills or disrupts the functioning of the unique cells that produce, store, and secrete insulin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 273 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Impact of Moderate-to-High-Intensity Exercise Protocols on Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Patients
by Ana Pedrosa, Guilherme Furtado, Marcelo Paes de Barros, André Luís Lacerda Bachi, José Pedro Ferreira, Vilma A. Sardão, Luís Rama and Ana Teixeira
Diabetology 2023, 4(1), 11-18; https://doi.org/10.3390/diabetology4010002 - 28 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3185
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health issue that is closely linked to the epidemic of obesity. In addition to genetic factors, environmental and health-risk behaviours (i.e., high-carbohydrate diet and physical inactivity) contribute to a variety of pathophysiological disorders. Advanced [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a growing global health issue that is closely linked to the epidemic of obesity. In addition to genetic factors, environmental and health-risk behaviours (i.e., high-carbohydrate diet and physical inactivity) contribute to a variety of pathophysiological disorders. Advanced exercise protocols, such as Moderate-to-intensity (MIT) and High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), revealed a strategy for mitigating and/or attenuating the DTMII’s harmful effects by controlling glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The goals of this review were to summarize the most recent evidence on the impact of HIIT on HbA1c levels. A mini-review protocol was performed through the PubMed/Medline database. The search comprised experimental and randomized controlled trial studies published in English between 2016 and 2021. The terms HbA1c, T2DM, MIT and HIIT, and their analogues were used. A total of seven studies were finally included. Our findings showed that the HIIT protocol is an effective strategy to induce HbA1c balance and improve glycaemic control than moderate training. The HIIT conducted in the laboratory and involving aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer appears to be more efficient that MIT. Additional findings include improved beta-cell function, decreased low-grade inflammation, and the induction of cardiovascular benefits. More research is required to investigate the feasibility and safety of HIIT protocols in T2DM patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Modulation of Dietary Sugars as a Strategy to Improve Insulin Resistance and Energy Balance in Diabetes)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-11
Back to TopTop