Special Issue "Emerging Therapies for Hereditary Ataxia"

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 July 2023 | Viewed by 3374

Special Issue Editors

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Interests: neuroanatomy of cerebellar ataxia; modulators of oxidative stress; functional food
School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: neurogenetics; neurodegeneration; neurodevelopment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
1. Division of Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
2. European Center for Brain Research, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
Interests: neurodegenerative diseases; neurodevelopment; oxidative stress

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite the submission of original research and review articles for a Special Issue titled “Emerging Therapies for Hereditary Ataxia”. Hereditary ataxia (HA) represents a group of genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases. It can be classified by the pattern of inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked ataxia. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage have been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of HA. With no cure and a reduced lifespan, HA causes motor incoordination and progressive functional disabilities in young and middle-aged populations. The lack of effective therapeutic options remains a major gap in the field. Therapy aimed at boosting antioxidant defenses is efficient in the treatment of HA. The combined use of a mitochondrial antioxidant and an iron-binding chelator is rapidly emerging as a powerful therapeutic strategy for a wide range of HAs. Stem cell transplantation may represent a new avenue for clinical research in HA. Additionally, complementary and alternative medicines could play a key role in regulating cellular metabolic processes including inflammatory signaling, mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism, therefore facilitating the process of drug development and discovery for HA. We welcome cellular models of pathology and in vivo studies that provide valuable information for all stages of biomedical research, as well as research involving human subjects in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Disease-modifying management of hereditary ataxia;
  • Stem cell transplantation for hereditary ataxia;
  • Dysregulation of iron metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction;
  • Role of oxidative stress in hereditary ataxia;
  • Future perspectives for complementary and alternative medicines.

Dr. Kah-Hui Wong
Dr. Patrícia Maciel
Dr. Piergiorgio La Rosa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hereditary ataxia
  • movement disorder
  • emerging neurotherapeutics
  • complementary and alternative medicines
  • secondary metabolites
  • neuroprotection
  • mitigation of oxidative stress
  • mitochondria-targeted antioxidants

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

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Review
The Therapeutic Potential of Non-Invasive and Invasive Cerebellar Stimulation Techniques in Hereditary Ataxias
Cells 2023, 12(8), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12081193 - 20 Apr 2023
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Abstract
The degenerative ataxias comprise a heterogeneous group of inherited and acquired disorders that are characterized by a progressive cerebellar syndrome, frequently in combination with one or more extracerebellar signs. Specific disease-modifying interventions are currently not available for many of these rare conditions, which [...] Read more.
The degenerative ataxias comprise a heterogeneous group of inherited and acquired disorders that are characterized by a progressive cerebellar syndrome, frequently in combination with one or more extracerebellar signs. Specific disease-modifying interventions are currently not available for many of these rare conditions, which underscores the necessity of finding effective symptomatic therapies. During the past five to ten years, an increasing number of randomized controlled trials have been conducted examining the potential of different non-invasive brain stimulation techniques to induce symptomatic improvement. In addition, a few smaller studies have explored deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the dentate nucleus as an invasive means to directly modulate cerebellar output, thereby aiming to alleviate ataxia severity. In this paper, we comprehensively review the clinical and neurophysiological effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and dentate nucleus DBS in patients with hereditary ataxias, as well as the presumed underlying mechanisms at the cellular and network level and perspectives for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Therapies for Hereditary Ataxia)
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Review
Myelinating Glia: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Polyglutamine Spinocerebellar Ataxias
Cells 2023, 12(4), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12040601 - 13 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1203
Abstract
Human studies, in combination with animal and cellular models, support glial cells as both major contributors to neurodegenerative diseases and promising therapeutic targets. Among glial cells, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous system, respectively. [...] Read more.
Human studies, in combination with animal and cellular models, support glial cells as both major contributors to neurodegenerative diseases and promising therapeutic targets. Among glial cells, oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are the myelinating glial cells of the central and peripheral nervous system, respectively. In this review, we discuss the contributions of these central and peripheral myelinating glia to the pathomechanisms of polyglutamine (polyQ) spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 17. First, we highlight the function of oligodendrocytes in healthy conditions and how they are disrupted in polyQ SCA patients and diseased model systems. We then cover the role of Schwann cells in peripheral nerve function and repair as well as their possible role in peripheral neuropathy in polyQ SCAs. Finally, we discuss potential polyQ SCA therapeutic interventions in myelinating glial. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Therapies for Hereditary Ataxia)
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Systematic Review
Gene Suppression Therapies in Hereditary Cerebellar Ataxias: A Systematic Review of Animal Studies
Cells 2023, 12(7), 1037; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12071037 - 29 Mar 2023
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Abstract
Introduction: Hereditary cerebellar ataxias (HCAs) are a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders associated with severe disability. Treatment options are limited and overall restricted to symptomatic approaches, leading to poor prognoses. In recent years, there has been extensive research on gene suppression therapies (GSTs) [...] Read more.
Introduction: Hereditary cerebellar ataxias (HCAs) are a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders associated with severe disability. Treatment options are limited and overall restricted to symptomatic approaches, leading to poor prognoses. In recent years, there has been extensive research on gene suppression therapies (GSTs) as a new hope for disease-modifying strategies. In this article, we aim to perform a review of in vivo studies investigating the efficacy and safety profile of GSTs in HCAs. Methods: A structured PubMed® search on GSTs in HCAs from January 1993 up to October 2020 was performed. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, and the selection process was conducted accordingly. The screening process was independently carried out by two authors and was initially based on title and abstract, followed by full-text reading. The risk-of-bias assessment was performed with SYRCLE’s tool. A data extraction sheet was created to collect relevant information from each selected article. Results: The initial search yielded 262 papers, of which 239 were excluded. An additional article was obtained following reference scrutiny, resulting in a total of 24 articles for final analysis. Most studies were not clear on the tools used to assess bias. In SCA1, SCA2, MJD/SCA3 and SCA7, RNA interference (iRNA) and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapies proved to be well tolerated and effective in suppressing mutant proteins, improving neuropathological features and the motor phenotype. In SCA6, the phenotype was improved, but no investigation of adverse effects was performed. In FRDA, only the suppression efficacy of the electroporation of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated with Cas9 enzyme system (CRISPR-Cas9) system was tested and confirmed. Conclusion: The literature reviewed suggests that GSTs are well tolerated and effective in suppressing the targeted proteins, improving neuropathological features and the motor phenotype in vivo. Nonetheless, there is no guarantee that these results are free of bias. Moreover, further investigation is still needed to clarify the GST effect on HCAs such as FRDA, SCA6 and SCA2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Therapies for Hereditary Ataxia)
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