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Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies
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Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell and Gene Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 10269

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Kenji Takamori

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
Interests: itch; inflammation; atopic dermatitis; skin barrier

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by recurrent itching and dermatitis. Its pathogenesis includes the interaction of three factors: abnormal skin barrier, itch-scratch, and type 2 inflammation (the "trinity"). Furthermore, the trinity factors lead patients with atopic dermatitis into a vicious itch-scratch cycle, which in turn leads to disease burden. In addition, psychological stress from work and relationships exacerbates the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Thus, to elucidate the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, interdisciplinary research is necessary, involving dermatology, neuroscience, immunology, psychiatry etc. In fact, recent studies focusing on neuro-immune interactions have shown that anti-IL-4Ra antibodies and JAK inhibitors are effective therapeutic agents for atopic dermatitis. However, due to the existence of non-responders to these therapies and other factors, there is a need to develop multifaceted methods for the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis. This implies the complexity of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, and therefore further clarification of the molecular and cellular basis of the mechanism is needed.

This Special Issue on “Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapy” aims to provide a summary of these emerging fields, with an emphasis on novel developments in anti-pruritus, anti-inflammation products, emollients that improve the skin barrier, and biomarkers and novel mechanisms of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. 

This Special Issue will contain original research articles as well as mini and full reviews, including perspectives in the field on the current understanding of the pathogenesis and emerging therapies for atopic dermatitis. We welcome papers from basic and clinical researchers.

Prof. Dr. Kenji Takamori
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cells is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • skin barrier
  • itch
  • inflammation
  • stress
  • biologics
  • biomarkers

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3380 KiB  
Article
Effects of Dupilumab on Itch-Related Events in Atopic Dermatitis: Implications for Assessing Treatment Efficacy in Clinical Practice
by Ryoma Kishi, Sumika Toyama, Mitsutoshi Tominaga, Yayoi Kamata, Eriko Komiya, Takahide Kaneko, Yasushi Suga and Kenji Takamori
Cells 2023, 12(2), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12020239 - 05 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3537
Abstract
Dupilumab attenuates itch and skin inflammation in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, itch-related events that are improved by dupilumab remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated changes in clinical scores, serum biomarkers, and the number of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) using skin [...] Read more.
Dupilumab attenuates itch and skin inflammation in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, itch-related events that are improved by dupilumab remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated changes in clinical scores, serum biomarkers, and the number of intraepidermal nerve fibers (IENFs) using skin biopsies and blood samples from 12 patients with moderate to severe AD before and after treatment with dupilumab. Clinical manifestations were assessed using eczema area and severity index (EASI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at baseline and after 8 and 16 weeks of treatment. Serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-22, and IL-31 were examined by electrochemiluminescence, chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassays, ProQuantum immunoassays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) at baseline and after 8 and 16 weeks of treatment. In skin biopsies from AD patients at baseline and after 16 weeks of treatment, IENFs were examined immunohistochemically with the anti-protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 antibody. The dupilumab treatment significantly improved EASI and VAS scores and decreased serum levels of TARC, IgE, and IL-22, whereas those of IL-13 and IL-31, and the number of IENFs remained unchanged and those of IL-4 increased. VAS scores were positively correlated with serum TARC, IL-22, and IgE levels and the degree of epidermal thickening. Serum IL-31 levels were positively correlated with the number of IENFs. These results suggest that serum TARC, IL-22, and IgE levels and epidermal thickness are itch-related events associated with dupilumab treatment and that serum IL-31 levels may reflect the degree of IENF density in AD patients. Therefore, dynamic changes may be used to assess the efficacy of dupilumab treatment to treat itching and inflammation in patients with AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies)
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Review

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16 pages, 1070 KiB  
Review
An Altered Skin and Gut Microbiota Are Involved in the Modulation of Itch in Atopic Dermatitis
by Catharina Sagita Moniaga, Mitsutoshi Tominaga and Kenji Takamori
Cells 2022, 11(23), 3930; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11233930 - 05 Dec 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6089
Abstract
Skin and gut microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). An alteration of the microbiota diversity modulates the development and course of AD, e.g., decreased microbiome diversity correlates with disease severity, particularly in lesional skin of AD. Itch [...] Read more.
Skin and gut microbiota play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). An alteration of the microbiota diversity modulates the development and course of AD, e.g., decreased microbiome diversity correlates with disease severity, particularly in lesional skin of AD. Itch is a hallmark of AD with unsatisfying treatment until now. Recent evidence suggests a possible role of microbiota in altering itch in AD through gut–skin–brain interactions. The microbial metabolites, proinflammatory cytokines, and impaired immune response lead to a modulation of histamine-independent itch, disruption of epidermal barrier, and central sensitization of itch mechanisms. The positive impact of probiotics in alleviating itch in AD supports this hypothesis, which may lead to novel strategies for managing itchy skin in AD patients. This review summarizes the emerging findings on the correlation between an altered microbiota and gut–skin–brain axis in AD, especially in modulating itchy skin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atopic Dermatitis: Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies)
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