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Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis

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A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomass Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 41054

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Prof. Dr. Young-Kwon Park

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Guest Editor

School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis for biomass and plastic conversion; catalysis pyrolysis; hydrodeoxygenation; supercritical liquefaction; VOC removal; DeNOx; removal of particulate matter
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Jungho Jae

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Guest Editor

School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
Interests: heterogeneous catalysis for biomass conversion, catalysis pyrolysis, hydrodeoxygenation, supercritical liquefaction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Young-Min Kim

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Guest Editor

Department of Environmental Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 38453, Republic of Korea
Interests: green chemistry; biomass conversion; waste treatment; plastics treatment; catalytic upgrading; analytical pyrolysis; micro plastics analysis; material characterization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Owing to the increasing attention paid to organic polymers as a renewable energy source—including biomass, plastic wastes, and other municipal solid wastes (MSW)—research into the pyrolysis of these polymeric materials into liquid fuels or high-value chemicals has been rapidly expanding in the last decade. The primary pyrolysis vapors produced by the thermal decomposition of waste polymers, especially biomass, are the mixture of highly functionalized monomeric and oligomeric compounds such as aldehydes, acids, anhydrosugars, phenols, etc., which are unsuitable for use as fuels or chemicals. To date, a range of different catalytic materials, including zeolites, metal catalysts, and mixed metal oxides, have been applied to the pyrolysis process to shift the product distribution to value-added chemicals, such as aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins, paraffins, naphthenes and ketones. However, many of them suffer from several disadvantages, such as fast deactivation, low selectivity, high process costs, and so on. More research should be added to the catalytic pyrolysis of renewable polymer materials to increase the yield and selectivity to the targeted chemicals and extend the catalyst lifetime. In this regard, this Special Issue is dedicated to topics such as the catalytic pyrolysis of waste organic polymers and the catalytic upgrading of the pyrolysis oils derived from these polymers (e.g., hydrotreating). The study of new catalysts, new upgrading chemistry, co-processing with conventional feedstock, catalyst deactivation/regeneration, and so on, which can be implemented to the pyrolysis process, will be the primary topics for this Special Issue.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue. Reviews, short communications, full research papers related to the catalytic pyrolysis of biomass or the catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis oils are especially welcome.

Prof. Young-Kwon Park
Prof. Jungho Jae
Prof. Young-Min Kim
Guest Editors

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Keywords

Catalytic fast pyrolysis
Biomass
Plastic
Upgrading
Bio-oil
Pyrolysis oil
Hydrodeoxygenation

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 6139 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil from Saccharina japonica Alga for Bio-Oil Upgrading

by Hoang Vu Ly, Jinsoo Kim, Hyun Tae Hwang, Jae Hyung Choi, Hee Chul Woo and Seung-Soo Kim

Catalysts 2019, 9(12), 1043; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9121043 - 08 Dec 2019

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3144

Abstract

Biomass conversion via pyrolysis has been regarded as a promising solution for bio-oil production. Compared to fossil fuels, however, the pyrolysis bio-oils from biomass are corrosive and unstable due to relatively high oxygen content. Thus, an upgrading of bio-oil is required to reduce O component while improving stability in order to use it directly as fuel sources or in industrial processes for synthesizing chemicals. The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is considered as one of the promising methods for upgrading pyrolysis bio-oil. In this research, the HDO was studied for various catalysts (HZSM-5, metal, and metal-phosphide catalysts) to improve the quality of bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis of Saccharina japonica (SJ) in a fluidized-bed reactor. The HDO processing was carried out in an autoclave at 350 °C and different initial pressures (3, 6, and 15 bar). During HDO, the oxygen species in the bio-oil was removed primarily via formation of CO₂ and H₂O. Among the gases produced through HDO, CO₂ was observed to be most abundant. The C/O ratio of produced bio-oil increased when CoMoP/γ-Al₂O_3, Co/γ-Al₂O₃, Fe/γ-Al₂O₃, or HZSM-5 was used. The Co/γ-Al₂O₃ resulted in higher HDO performance than other catalysts. The bio-oil upgraded with Co/γ-Al₂O₃ showed high HHV (34.41 MJ/kg). With the use of catalysts, the kerosene-diesel fraction (carbon number C₁₂–C₁₄) was increased from 36.17 to 38.62–48.92 wt.%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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11 pages, 1956 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

In-Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Pinecone over HY Catalysts

by Jaehun Jeong, Hyung Won Lee, Seong Ho Jang, Sumin Ryu, Young-Min Kim, Rae-su Park, Sang-Chul Jung, Jong-Ki Jeon and Young-Kwon Park

Catalysts 2019, 9(12), 1034; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9121034 - 06 Dec 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2593

Abstract

The in-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of pinecone over HY catalysts, HY(30; SiO₂/Al₂O₃), HY(60), and 1% Ni/HY(30), was studied by TGA and Py-GC/MS. Thermal and catalytic TGA indicated that the main decomposition temperature region of pinecone, from 200 to 400 °C, was not changed using HY catalysts. On the other hand, the DTG peak heights were differentiated by the additional use of HY catalysts. Py-GC/MS analysis showed that the efficient conversion of phenols and other oxygenates formed from the pyrolysis of pinecone to aromatic hydrocarbons could be achieved using HY catalysts. Of the HY catalysts assessed, HY(30), showed higher efficiency in the production of aromatic hydrocarbons than HY(60) because of its higher acidity. The aromatic hydrocarbon production was increased further by increasing the pyrolysis temperature from 500 to 600 °C and increasing the amount of catalyst due to the enhanced cracking ability and overall acidity. The use of 1% Ni/HY(30) also increased the amount of monoaromatic hydrocarbons compared to the use of HY(30) due to the additional role of Ni in enhancing the deoxygenation and aromatization of reaction intermediates. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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14 pages, 2383 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on the Catalytic Pyrolysis Mechanism of Lignite by Using Extracts as Model Compounds

by Jianwei Liu, Qian Zhang, Litong Liang and Wei Huang

Catalysts 2019, 9(11), 953; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9110953 - 14 Nov 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2211

Abstract

Understanding the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of lignite is of great significance for obtaining a high yield of the target products or designing high-efficiency catalysts, which are generally derived by using simple model compounds, while the ordinary model compounds cannot represent the real atmosphere of lignite pyrolysis owing to the simple structures and single reactions. Based on the coal two-phase model, the extractable compounds are the important compositions of coal, which can reflect the partial characteristics of raw coal while obtaining a high extraction yield. Hence, a better understanding of the interaction between the coal structure and catalyst can be inferred by using a mobile phase in coal as model compounds instead of conventional simple compounds. In this work, tetrahydrofuran extracts of lignite were chosen as model compounds to study the catalytic pyrolysis mechanism with separate addition of Fe(NO₃)₃ and FeCl₃ by using a thermogravimetric combined with mass spectrometry. It was found that about 77.88% of the extracts were vaporized before 700 °C, and the residual yield was 22.12%. With the separate addition of 5 wt % of Fe(NO₃)₃ and FeCl₃, the conversion of the extracts increased to 84.38% and 89.66%. Meanwhile, the final temperature decreased to 650 and 550 °C, respectively. The addition of Fe(NO₃)₃ and FeCl₃ promoted the breakage of aliphatic chains at approximately 150 °C, leading to the generation of CH₄ and H₂ in the temperature range 100–200 °C, which were nearly invisible for that without catalyst. The addition of iron-based catalysts allowed more CO₂ formation at approximately 200 °C since they enabled efficient promotion of the cleavage of carboxyl functionals at lower temperatures. The enlarged peak of H₂O and CH₄ at approximately 500 °C means that iron-based catalysts are significant for the cleavage of methoxy groups in the catalytic respect. Aromatic side chains facilitated cracking at approximately 500 °C, leading to more light aliphatics and aromatics generation in this temperature range. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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13 pages, 2088 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing the Aromatic Product Distribution from Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass Using Hydrothermally Synthesized Ga-MFI Zeolites

by Jian Li, Xiangyu Li, Derun Hua, Xinning Lu and Yujue Wang

Catalysts 2019, 9(10), 854; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9100854 - 13 Oct 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2638

Abstract

A series of gallium-containing MFI (Ga-MFI) zeolites with varying Ga₂O₃/Al₂O₃ ratios were synthesized using hydrothermal synthesis and tested as catalyst in catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of beech wood for aromatic production. The results show that the incorporation of Ga slightly reduced the effective pore size of Ga-MFI zeolites compared to conventional HZSM-5 zeolites. Therefore, the Ga-MFI zeolites increased the aromatic selectivity for smaller aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and p-xylene and decreased the aromatic selectivity for bulkier ones such as m-xylene, o-xylene, and polyaromatics in CFP of beech wood relative to HSZM-5. In particular, the yield and selectivity of p-xylene, the most desired product from CFP of biomass, increased considerably from 1.64 C% and 33.3% for conventional HZSM-5 to 2.98–3.34 C% and 72.1–79.6% for the synthesized Ga-MFI zeolites. These results suggest that slightly reducing the pore size of MFI zeolite by Ga incorporation has a beneficial effect on optimizing the aromatic selectivity toward more valuable monoaromatic products, especially p-xylene, during CFP of biomass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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28 pages, 5564 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of High-Loaded Ni-Based Catalysts for Upgrading Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oil

by Caroline Carriel Schmitt, Anna Zimina, Yakub Fam, Klaus Raffelt, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt and Nicolaus Dahmen

Catalysts 2019, 9(9), 784; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090784 - 19 Sep 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3877

Abstract

The catalytic activity of high-loaded Ni-based catalysts for beech wood fast-pyrolysis bio-oil hydrotreatment is compared to Ru/C. The influence of promoter, temperature, reaction time, and consecutive upgrading is investigated. The catalytic activity is addressed in terms of elemental composition, pH value, H₂ consumption, and water content, while the selectivity is based on the GC-MS/FID results. The catalysts showed similar deoxygenation activity, while the highest hydrogenation activity and the highest upgraded oil yields were obtained with Ni-based catalysts. The elemental composition of upgraded oils was comparable for 2 and 4 h of reaction, and the temperature showed a positive effect for reactions with Ni–Cr and Ru/C. Ni–Cr showed superior activity for the conversion of organic acids, sugars and ketones, being selected for the 2-step upgrading reaction. The highest activity correlates to the strength of the acid sites promoted by Cr₂O₃. Consecutive upgrading reduced the content of oxygen by 64.8% and the water content by 90%, whereas the higher heating value increased by 90.1%. While more than 96% of the organic acid content was converted, the discrepancy of aromatic compounds quantified by ¹H-NMR and GC-MS/FID may indicate polymerization of aromatics taking place during the second upgrading step. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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17 pages, 5660 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Theoretical Determination of Size Effects in Zeolite-Catalyzed Alcohol Dehydration

by Larissa Y. Kunz, Lintao Bu, Brandon C. Knott, Cong Liu, Mark R. Nimlos, Rajeev S. Assary, Larry A. Curtiss, David J. Robichaud and Seonah Kim

Catalysts 2019, 9(9), 700; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090700 - 21 Aug 2019

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4093

Abstract

In the upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapors to hydrocarbons, dehydration accomplishes a primary objective of removing oxygen, and acidic zeolites represent promising catalysts for the dehydration reaction. Here, we utilized density functional theory calculations to estimate adsorption energetics and intrinsic kinetics of alcohol dehydration over H-ZSM-5, H-BEA, and H-AEL zeolites. The ONIOM (our Own N-layered Integrated molecular Orbital and molecular Mechanics) calculations of adsorption energies were observed to be inconsistent when benchmarked against QM (Quantum Mechanical)/Hartree–Fock and periodic boundary condition calculations. However, reaction coordinate calculations of adsorbed species and transition states were consistent across all levels considered. Comparison of ethanol, isopropanol (IPA), and tert-amyl alcohol (TAA) over these three zeolites allowed for a detailed examination of how confinement impacts on reaction mechanisms and kinetics. The TAA, seen to proceed via a carbocationic mechanism, was found to have the lowest activation barrier, followed by IPA and then ethanol, both of which dehydrate via a concerted mechanism. Barriers in H-BEA were consistently found to be lower than in H-ZSM-5 and H-AEL, attributed to late transition states and either elevated strain or inaccurately estimating long-range electrostatic interactions in H-AEL, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the diffusivity of these three alcohols in H-ZSM-5 were significantly overestimated by Knudsen diffusion, which will complicate experimental efforts to develop a kinetic model for catalytic fast pyrolysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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11 pages, 2974 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Hydrotreating of Jatropha-derived Bio-oil over Mesoporous Sulfide Catalysts to Produce Drop-in Transportation Fuels

by Shih-Yuan Chen, Takehisa Mochizuki, Masayasu Nishi, Hideyuki Takagi, Yuji Yoshimura and Makoto Toba

Catalysts 2019, 9(5), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9050392 - 26 Apr 2019

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3189

Abstract

The bio-oil was largely produced by thermal pyrolysis of Jatropha-derived biomass wastes (denoted as Jatropha bio-oil) using a pilot plant with a capacity of 20 kg h^-1 at Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Thailand. Jatropha bio-oil is an unconventional type of bio-oil, which is mostly composed of fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, fatty acid amides, and derivatives, and consequently, it contains large amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen ~20 wt.%, nitrogen ~ 5 wt.%, sulfur ~ 1000 ppm.). The heteroatoms, especially nitrogen, are highly poisonous to the metal or sulfide catalysts for upgrading of Jatropha bio-oil. To overcome this technical problem, we reported a stepwise strategy for hydrotreating of 100 wt.% Jatropha bio-oil over mesoporous sulfide catalysts (CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃ and NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃) to produce drop-in transport fuels, such as gasoline- and diesel-like fuels. This study is very different from our recent work on co-processing of Jatropha bio-oil (ca. 10 wt.%) with petroleum distillates to produce a hydrotreated oil as a diesel-like fuel. Jatropha bio-oil was pre-treated through a slurry-type high-pressure reactor under severe conditions, resulting in a pre-treated Jatropha bio-oil with relatively low amounts of heteroatoms (oxygen < 20 wt.%, nitrogen < 2 wt.%, sulfur < 500 ppm.). The light and middle distillates of pre-hydrotreated Jatropha bio-oil were then separated by distillation at a temperature below 240 °C, and a temperature of 240–360 °C. Deep hydrotreating of light distillates over sulfide CoMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was performed on a batch-type high-pressure reactor at 350 °C and 7 MPa of H₂ gas for 5 h. The hydrotreated oil was a gasoline-like fuel, which contained 29.5 vol.% of n-paraffins, 14.4 vol.% of iso-paraffins, 4.5 vol.% of olefins, 21.4 vol.% of naphthene compounds and 29.6 wt.% of aromatic compounds, and little amounts of heteroatoms (nearly no oxygen and sulfur, and less than 50 ppm of nitrogen), corresponding to an octane number of 44, and it would be suitable for blending with petro-gasoline. The hydrotreating of middle distillates over sulfide NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst using the same reaction condition produced a hydrotreating oil with diesel-like composition, low amounts of heteroatoms (no oxygen and less than 50 ppm of sulfur and nitrogen), and a cetane number of 60, which would be suitable for use in drop-in diesel fuel. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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13 pages, 3164 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Catalytic Cleavage of Ether Bond in a Lignin Model Compound over Carbon-Supported Noble Metal Catalysts in Supercritical Ethanol

by Seungdo Yang, Soyeon Jeong, Chunghyeon Ban, Hyungjoo Kim and Do Heui Kim

Catalysts 2019, 9(2), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9020158 - 06 Feb 2019

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3223

Abstract

Decomposition of lignin-related model compound (benzyl phenyl ether, BPE) to phenol and toluene was performed over carbon-supported noble metal (Ru, Pd, and Pt) catalysts in supercritical ethanol without supply of hydrogen. Phenol and toluene as target products were produced by the hydrogenolysis of BPE. The conversion of BPE was higher than 95% over all carbon-supported noble metal catalysts at 270 °C for 4 h. The 5 wt% Pd/C demonstrated the highest yield (ca. 59.3%) of the target products and enhanced conversion rates and reactivity more significantly than other catalysts. In the case of Ru/C, BPE was significantly transformed to other unidentified byproducts, more so than other catalysts. The Pt/C catalyst produced the highest number of byproducts such as alkylated phenols and gas-phase products, indicating that the catalyst promotes secondary reactions during the decomposition of BPE. In addition, a model reaction using phenol as a reactant was conducted to check the secondary reactions of phenol such as alkylation or hydrogenation in supercritical ethanol. The product distribution when phenol was used as a reactant was mostly consistent with BPE as a reactant. Based on the results, plausible reaction pathways were proposed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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9 pages, 8743 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Throughput Production of Heterogeneous RuO₂/Graphene Catalyst in a Hydrodynamic Reactor for Selective Alcohol Oxidation

by Jae-Min Jeong, Se Bin Jin, Jo Hee Yoon, Jae Goo Yeo, Geun Young Lee, Mobina Irshad, Seongwoo Lee, Donghyuk Seo, Byeong Eun Kwak, Bong Gill Choi, Do Hyun Kim and Jung Won Kim

Catalysts 2019, 9(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9010025 - 30 Dec 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 4003

Abstract

We report on the high-throughput production of heterogeneous catalysts of RuO₂-deposited graphene using a hydrodynamic process for selective alcohol oxidation. The fluid mechanics of a hydrodynamic process based on a Taylor–Couette flow provide a high shear stress field and fast mixing process. The unique fluidic behavior efficiently exfoliates graphite into defect-free graphene sheets dispersed in water solution, in which ionic liquid is used as the stabilizing reagent to prevent the restacking of the graphene sheets. The deposition of RuO₂ on a graphene surface is performed using a hydrodynamic process, resulting in the uniform coating of RuO₂ nanoparticles. The as synthesized RuO₂/IL–graphene catalyst has been applied efficiently for the oxidation of a wide variety of alcohol substrates, including biomass-derived 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) under environmentally benign conditions. The catalyst is mechanically stable and recyclable, confirming its heterogeneous nature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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14 pages, 2460 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Increased Aromatics Formation by the Use of High-Density Polyethylene on the Catalytic Pyrolysis of Mandarin Peel over HY and HZSM-5

by Young-Kwon Park, Muhammad Zain Siddiqui, Yejin Kang, Atsushi Watanabe, Hyung Won Lee, Sang Jae Jeong, Seungdo Kim and Young-Min Kim

Catalysts 2018, 8(12), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8120656 - 12 Dec 2018

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3835

Abstract

High-density polyethylene (HDPE) was co-fed into the catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of mandarin peel (MP) over different microporous catalysts, HY and HZSM-5, with different pore and acid properties. Although the non-catalytic decomposition temperature of MP was not changed during catalytic thermogravimetric analysis over both catalysts, that of HDPE was reduced from 465 °C to 379 °C over HY and to 393 °C over HZSM-5 because of their catalytic effects. When HDPE was co-pyrolyzed with MP over the catalysts, the catalytic decomposition temperatures of HDPE were increased to 402 °C over HY and 408 °C over HZSM-5. The pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry results showed that the main pyrolyzates of MP and HDPE, which comprised a large amount of oxygenates and aliphatic hydrocarbons with a wide carbon range, were converted efficiently to aromatics using HY and HZSM-5. Although HY can provide easier diffusion of the reactants to the catalyst pore and a larger amount of acid sites than HZSM-5, the CP of MP, HDPE, and their mixture over HZSM-5 revealed higher efficiency on aromatics formation than those over HY due to the strong acidity and more appropriate shape selectivity of HZSM-5. The production of aromatics from the catalytic co-pyrolysis of MP and HDPE was larger than the theoretical amounts, suggesting the synergistic effect of HDPE co-feeding for the increased formation of aromatics during the CP of MP. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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11 pages, 2485 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Catalytic Co-Pyrolysis of Kraft Lignin with Refuse-Derived Fuels Using Ni-Loaded ZSM-5 Type Catalysts

by Hyung Won Lee, Jin Sun Cha and Young-Kwon Park

Catalysts 2018, 8(11), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8110506 - 31 Oct 2018

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2785

Abstract

The catalytic co-pyrolysis (CCP) of Kraft lignin (KL) with refuse-derived fuels (RDF) over HZSM-5, Ni/HZSM-5, and NiDHZSM-5 (Ni/desilicated HZSM-5) was carried out using pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to determine the effects of the nickel loading, desilication of HZSM-5, and co-pyrolysis of KL with RDF. The catalysts were characterized by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, X-ray diffraction, and NH₃-temperature programed desorption. The nickel-impregnated catalyst improved the catalytic upgrading efficiency and increased the aromatic hydrocarbon production. Compared to KL, the catalytic pyrolysis of RDF produced larger amounts of aromatic hydrocarbons due to the higher H/C_eff ratio. The CCP of KL with RDF enhanced the production of aromatic hydrocarbons by the synergistic effect of hydrogen rich feedstock co-feeding. In particular, Ni/DHZSM-5 showed higher aromatic hydrocarbon formation owing to its higher acidity and mesoporosity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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15 pages, 3856 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Catalytic Pyrolysis of Polyethylene and Polypropylene over Desilicated Beta and Al-MSU-F

by Hyung Won Lee and Young-Kwon Park

Catalysts 2018, 8(11), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8110501 - 26 Oct 2018

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4732

Abstract

The catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of different thermoplastics, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), over two types of mesoporous catalysts, desilicated Beta (DeBeta) and Al-MSU-F (AMF), was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolyzer-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). Catalytic TGA of PE and PP showed lower decomposition temperatures than non-catalytic TGA over both catalysts. Between the two catalysts, DeBeta decreased the decomposition temperatures of waste plastics further, because of its higher acidity and more appropriate pore size than AMF. The catalytic Py-GC/MS results showed that DeBeta produced a larger amount of aromatic hydrocarbons than AMF. In addition, CP over AMF produced a large amount of branched hydrocarbons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis)

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