How Useful Is Eye-Tracking in the Early Detection of Developmental and Adult Neurocognitive Disorders?

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Developmental Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 1332

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Psychology Department, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UK
Interests: dementia; Alzheimer’s disease; schizophrenia; Parkinsons’s disease; saccade; eye-tracking; attention; ageing; inhibitory control

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Guest Editor
Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical Neurology, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
Interests: neurological diseases; neuroscience; neurobiology; neurobiology and brain physiology; neurodegeneration; neurophysiology; neurodegenerative diseases; physiology; neuroimaging; clinical neurology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The last 20 years have seen an exponential rise in the number of studies that have engaged in the search for dysfunctions across a diverse range of neurocognitive disorders with the use of eye-tracking, either exclusively or in combination with other neuroscientific techniques such as, EEG, fMRI, MEG, TMS or traditional batteries of cognitive tests. This Special Issue will highlight promising avenues of current research with the potential for significant clinical impact, while addressing several key challenges for the future.

Eye-tracking has a number of attractive properties that make it a model system for the study of brain disorders. It is both non-invasive and cost effective, and a range of established paradigms have been developed that can be readily implemented in both developmental and ageing research. The fact that essentially identical task formats are used in animal studies means that human studies can build on the foundation of detailed underlying neuronal, chemical, and pharmacological mechanisms that are linked to sensorimotor, learning and reward operations. Is the stage therefore set for a change towards the domain of translational research? Although the future looks bright, it is not clear how far we have progressed towards a time when these techniques can be used to facilitate early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. What have we learned about the underlying cognitive processes in neurocognitive disorders? What future advances are required before we can hope to see widespread clinical applications? This Special Issue will highlight promising avenues of research and outline the major challenges that lie ahead. A new generation of international researchers are encouraged to respond to these challenges by ensuring that the research benefits have a global reach in the fight to reduce inequalities in health outcomes. We invite authors to submit original research, review articles, and short communications on these topics for this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Trevor Crawford
Prof. Dr. Chrystalina Antoniades
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • eye tracking
  • neurodevelopmental disease
  • neurocognitive disorders
  • psychiatric disease
  • cognitive impairment

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 3960 KiB  
Article
The Pathophysiology of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome: Changes in Saccade Performance by Low-Dose L-Dopa and Dopamine Receptor Blockers
by Yasuo Terao, Yoshiko Nomura, Hideki Fukuda, Okihide Hikosaka, Kazue Kimura, Shun-ichi Matsuda, Akihiro Yugeta, Francesco Fisicaro, Kyoko Hoshino and Yoshikazu Ugawa
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(12), 1634; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13121634 - 25 Nov 2023
Viewed by 913
Abstract
Aim: To elucidate the pathophysiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), which is associated with prior use of dopamine receptor antagonists (blockers) and treatment by L-Dopa, through saccade performance. Method: In 226 male GTS patients (5–14 years), we followed vocal and motor [...] Read more.
Aim: To elucidate the pathophysiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), which is associated with prior use of dopamine receptor antagonists (blockers) and treatment by L-Dopa, through saccade performance. Method: In 226 male GTS patients (5–14 years), we followed vocal and motor tics and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) after discontinuing blockers at the first visit starting with low-dose L-Dopa. We recorded visual- (VGS) and memory-guided saccades (MGS) in 110 patients and 26 normal participants. Results: At the first visit, prior blocker users exhibited more severe vocal tics and OCD, but not motor tics, which persisted during follow-up. Patients treated with L-Dopa showed greater improvement of motor tics, but not vocal tics and OCD. Patients with and without blocker use showed similarly impaired MGS performance, while patients with blocker use showed more prominently impaired inhibitory control of saccades, associated with vocal tics and OCD. Discussion: Impaired MGS performance suggested a mild hypodopaminergic state causing reduced direct pathway activity in the (oculo-)motor loops of the basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuit. Blocker use may aggravate vocal tics and OCD due to disinhibition within the associative and limbic loops. The findings provide a rationale for discouraging blocker use and using low-dose L-Dopa in GTS. Full article
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