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Brain Sciences
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Research on Executive Functions by EEG and fMRI
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Research on Executive Functions by EEG and fMRI

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Behavioral Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 May 2024 | Viewed by 1877

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gioele Gavazzi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neurofarba, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy
Interests: executive function; cognitive control; inhibition; EEG; fMRI

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Executive functions represent a cornerstone of human cognition, encompassing a suite of high-level mental processes that enable individuals to strategize, plan, organize, and adapt to the ever-evolving challenges of daily life. These functions play a pivotal role in our ability to make decisions, control impulses, shift attention, and manage working memory. The dynamic interplay between executive functions forms the bedrock of our cognitive toolkit, allowing us to navigate the multifaceted intricacies of our world. Recent innovations in the realm of neuroimaging have been crucial in unveiling the neurobiological underpinnings of executive functions. Methodological advancements in Electroencephalography (EEG) and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) have increased our understanding of executive functions. We invite researchers from diverse disciplines to contribute to this Special Issue dedicated to exploring executive functions through the lens of EEG and fMRI. We welcome theoretical and/or empirical contributions that expand our knowledge of executive functions.

Dr. Gioele Gavazzi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • executive function
  • cognition
  • electroencephalography
  • EEG
  • functional magnetic resonance imaging
  • fMRI

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 712 KiB  
Article
Differences in the Efficiency of Cognitive Control across Young Adulthood: An ERP Perspective
by Martina Knežević
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(4), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14040347 - 31 Mar 2024
Viewed by 576
Abstract
Young adulthood is a period of major life changes when everyday life becomes much more complex compared to adolescence. Such changes require highly efficient cognitive control. Developmental studies show that structural changes in the brain areas that support complex behavior continue into the [...] Read more.
Young adulthood is a period of major life changes when everyday life becomes much more complex compared to adolescence. Such changes require highly efficient cognitive control. Developmental studies show that structural changes in the brain areas that support complex behavior continue into the early 20s. However, despite the fact that at the beginning of young adulthood, important behavioral and brain restructuring still occurs, most studies use broad age ranges for young adults (from 18 to 40 years of age) as a reference point for “adult” behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate age-related differences in the efficiency of cognitive control across young adulthood. In total, 107 individuals participated in this study and were divided into three age groups: 19–21, 23–26, and 28–44. We used a visual word categorization task to assess cognitive efficiency and event-related potentials (ERPs) to track events that take place from the stimulus onset until the actual behavioral response. We found age differences in both performance and amplitudes of the ERP components during the early stages of processing — P2 and N2. Our findings provide important evidence for the continuation of age-related changes in brain dynamics that underlie the efficiency of cognitive control even in the early 20s. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Executive Functions by EEG and fMRI)
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14 pages, 4056 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Cortico-Muscular Coupling and Functional Brain Network under Different Standing Balance Paradigms
by Weijie Ke and Zhizeng Luo
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010081 - 13 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1013
Abstract
Maintaining standing balance is essential for people to engage in productive activities in daily life. However, the process of interaction between the cortex and the muscles during balance regulation is understudied. Four balance paradigms of different difficulty were designed by closing eyes and [...] Read more.
Maintaining standing balance is essential for people to engage in productive activities in daily life. However, the process of interaction between the cortex and the muscles during balance regulation is understudied. Four balance paradigms of different difficulty were designed by closing eyes and laying sponge pad under feet. Ten healthy subjects were recruited to stand for ten 15 s trials in each paradigm. This study used simultaneously acquired electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) to investigate changes in the human cortico-muscular coupling relationship and functional brain network characteristics during balance control. The coherence and causality of EEG and EMG signals were calculated by magnitude-squared coherence (MSC) and transfer entropy (TE). It was found that changes in balance strategies may lead to a shift in cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) from the beta band to the gamma band when the difficulty of balance increased. As subjects performed the four standing balance paradigms, the causality of the beta band and the gamma band was stronger in the descending neural pathway than that in the ascending neural pathway. A multi-rhythmic functional brain network with 19 EEG channels was constructed and analyzed based on graph theory, showing that its topology also changed with changes in balance difficulty. These results show an active adjustment of the sensorimotor system under different balance paradigms and provide new insights into the endogenous physiological mechanisms underlying the control of standing balance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Executive Functions by EEG and fMRI)
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