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Biosensors
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Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications
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Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 34639

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiude Hua

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: immunosensors; immunoassay; antibody development; phage display technology
Dr. Yirong Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
Interests: immunoassays or biosensors for rapid detection of small compounds such as pesticides and mycotoxins; antibody preparation; analytical method establishment; mechanism of molecular recognition between antibodies and small molecules
Dr. Yulong Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
Interests: antibody development; immunoassay for pesticide residue and heavy metals; eletrochemical sensor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The fields of testing and sensing have been tremendously active of late, especially as the pandemic of COVID-19 leads people to an understanding of the importance of testing and asking for analysis with more accuracy and fast and high throughput. Immunosensor/immunoassay, used to measure the presence or concentration of analytes ranging from small molecules to macromolecules, is one of the most promising testing platforms that meets the demands of being fast, cheap, sensitive and specific, and has wide applicability to environment, agriculture and food.

Relatively established methods like microwell-based immunoassay and lateral flow immunoassay are still growing, and the use of nanomaterials for biosensing has seen explosive growth. Recognition elements such as antibody or peptide remain essential to immunoassay, and how to get these materials with high affinity and specificity is a persistent task. Different transducers convert the recognition process into a quantitative signal towards the aims of more sensitivity and more efficiency; however, the stability is an issue, specifically to complex matrix samples. However, signal amplification strategies, labelling techniques, and sample treatment methods are promoting this area to be more usable and potent.

For that, this Special Issue aims to gather original articles and reviews showing research advances, fabrication, innovative applications, new challenges and future perspectives of immunosensors and immunoassays in important areas including medical diagnostics, chemical and biomolecular analysis in environment, agriculture, and food.

Dr. Xiude Hua
Dr. Yirong Guo
Dr. Yulong Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibody
  • peptide
  • immunoassay
  • immunosensor
  • nanoparticle
  • food safety
  • agricultural product
  • pesticide residue
  • toxin

Published Papers (15 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4218 KiB  
Article
Anthracycline-Functionalized Dextran as a New Signal Multiplication Tagging Approach for Immunoassay
by Fatema Kaladari, Naoya Kishikawa, Ai Shimada, Mahmoud El-Maghrabey and Naotaka Kuroda
Biosensors 2023, 13(3), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13030340 - 03 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1484
Abstract
The most used kind of immunoassay is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); however, enzymes suffer from steric effects, low stability, and high cost. Our research group has been developing quinone-linked immunosorbent assay (QuLISA) as a new promising approach for stable and cost-efficient immunoassay. However, [...] Read more.
The most used kind of immunoassay is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); however, enzymes suffer from steric effects, low stability, and high cost. Our research group has been developing quinone-linked immunosorbent assay (QuLISA) as a new promising approach for stable and cost-efficient immunoassay. However, the developed QuLISA suffered from low water-solubility of synthesized quinone labels and their moderate sensitivity. Herein, we developed a new approach for signal multiplication of QuLISA utilizing the water-soluble quinone anthracycline, doxorubicin, coupled with dextran for signal multiplication. A new compound, Biotin-DexDox, was prepared in which doxorubicin was assembled on oxidized dextran 40, and then it was biotinylated. The redox-cycle-based chemiluminescence and the colorimetric reaction of Biotin-DexDox were optimized and evaluated, and they showed very good sensitivity down to 0.25 and 0.23 nM, respectively. Then, Biotin-DexDox was employed for the detection of biotinylated antibodies utilizing avidin as a binder and a colorimetric assay of the formed complex through its contained doxorubicin redox reaction with NaBH4 and imidazolium salt yielding strong absorbance at 510 nm. The method could detect the plate-fixed antibody down to 0.55 nM. Hence, the application of Biotin-DexDox in QuLISA was successfully demonstrated and showed a significant improvement in its sensitivity and applicability to aqueous assays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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13 pages, 3846 KiB  
Article
Obtaining a Monoclonal Antibody against a Novel Prometryn-Like Hapten and Characterization of Its Selectivity for Triazine Herbicides
by Lingyuan Xu, A. M. Abd El-Aty, Jing Zhao, Xingmei Lei, Xiuyuan Zhang, Yun Zhao, Xueyan Cui, Yongxin She, Fen Jin, Jing Wang, Maojun Jin and Bruce D. Hammock
Biosensors 2023, 13(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13010022 - 25 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1624
Abstract
In this study, a previously unreported 3-((4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino) butyric acid hapten was designed and synthesized. This maximized the exposure of the antigen-determinant isopropyl of prometryn to the immune system in animals to induce the production of anticipated highly specific anti-prometryn antibodies. The hapten [...] Read more.
In this study, a previously unreported 3-((4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino) butyric acid hapten was designed and synthesized. This maximized the exposure of the antigen-determinant isopropyl of prometryn to the immune system in animals to induce the production of anticipated highly specific anti-prometryn antibodies. The hapten has a molecular weight of 285.37 Da. The compound was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR), nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectroscopy (13C NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). By using the active ester approach, immunogens and coated antigens were created. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as an immunogen, along with the successfully produced hapten, to immunize mice. The IC50 value of mouse monoclonal anti-prometryn antibody (mAb) 7D4 (the quantity of analyte that generated 50% prometryn inhibition) was 3.9 ng/mL. The anti-prometryn mAb was of the IgG1 subclass. The IC20 (80% binding level (B/B0) of prometryn)-IC80 (20% binding level (B/B0) of prometryn) range of the anti-prometryn monoclonal antibody standard curve working range was 0.9–18.1 ng/mL. The prepared mAb has good characteristics because it can specifically recognize prometryn, and the cross-reaction rates for ametryn, desmetryn, and terbumeton were 34.77%, 18.09%, and 7.64%, respectively. The cross-reaction rate with the other seven triazines was less than 1%. The hapten structure proposed can serve as an additional tool for modulating selectivity in detecting triazines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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12 pages, 2727 KiB  
Article
Development of Ic-ELISA and Colloidal Gold Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Determination of Cypermethrin in Agricultural Samples
by Lianrun Huang, Fuxuan Zhang, Fangxuan Li, Yin Jia, Minghua Wang, Xiude Hua and Limin Wang
Biosensors 2022, 12(11), 1058; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12111058 - 21 Nov 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1697
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP) is an insecticide in the pyrethroid family and is used widely in agriculture and for public health purposes. However, CYP has been shown to have negative impacts on reproduction, immunity and nerves in mammals. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) [...] Read more.
Cypermethrin (CYP) is an insecticide in the pyrethroid family and is used widely in agriculture and for public health purposes. However, CYP has been shown to have negative impacts on reproduction, immunity and nerves in mammals. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against CYP was prepared and used to establish an indirect competitive immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and colloidal gold lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the quantitative and qualitative determination of CYP residues in agricultural products. The half inhibition concentration of the ic-ELISA was 2.49 ng/mL, and the cut-off value and visual limit of detection of the LFIA were 0.6 and 0.3 μg/mL, respectively. The recovery rates of the ic-ELISA ranged from 78.8% to 87.6% in tomato, cabbage and romaine lettuce. The qualitative results of LFIA and quantitative results of ic-ELISA and HPLC were in good agreement in blind samples. Overall, the established ic-ELISA and LFIA proved to be accurate and rapid methods for the determination of CYP in agricultural products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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16 pages, 1188 KiB  
Article
Neonicotinoid Microsphere Immunosensing for Profiling Applications in Honeybees and Bee-Related Matrices
by Mang Xu, Liza Portier, Toine Bovee, Ying Zhao, Yirong Guo and Jeroen Peters
Biosensors 2022, 12(10), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12100792 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1594
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most commonly used insecticides due to their effectiveness. However, non-targeted insects, especially bees, are also affected by neonicotinoids. Therefore, neonicotinoid application can contribute to the declining bee populations worldwide. The presented study describes the development of novel competitive, fluorescent microsphere-based [...] Read more.
Neonicotinoids are the most commonly used insecticides due to their effectiveness. However, non-targeted insects, especially bees, are also affected by neonicotinoids. Therefore, neonicotinoid application can contribute to the declining bee populations worldwide. The presented study describes the development of novel competitive, fluorescent microsphere-based suspension immunoassays for neonicotinoid profiling and their application to bees and essential bee-related matrices, using the Multi-Analyte Profiling (xMAP) technology. For the construction of these neonicotinoid microsphere immunoassays (nMIAs), neonicotinoid–ovalbumin conjugates were coupled to unique fluorescent, paramagnetic microspheres, which competed with the free neonicotinoids that were present in test samples for interacting with the corresponding, specific antibodies. In total, five independent nMIA’s were developed for the detection of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran, nitenpyram and imidaclothiz with the limits of detection being for 0.01 ng/mL, 0.01 ng/mL, 0.02 ng/mL, 0.02 ng/mL, 0.003 ng/mL, 2.95 ng/mL, 0.09 ng/mL and 0.04 ng/mL, respectively. The developed nMIAs were applied to fortified matrices including surface water, pollen, honey and honeybees. All of the neonicotinoids, except dinotefuran, could be sensitively detected in all of the tested environmental matrices and bees, with there being sensitivities of 1 ng/mL in water and 10 ng/g in solid materials. These nMIAs provide a rapid profiling method for all of the common neonicotinoids, including those that are banned by the European Union for outdoor use. The developed method can contribute to healthy and sustainable beekeeping, globally, via its application in the apiary environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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13 pages, 2708 KiB  
Article
The Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Antibiotics in Milk and Pork Based on an Antibody Chip Biosensor
by Jiaxu Xiao, Nana Wei, Shuangmin Wu, Huaming Li, Xiaoyang Yin, Yu Si, Long Li and Dapeng Peng
Biosensors 2022, 12(8), 578; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12080578 - 29 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2037
Abstract
In the modern farming industry, the irrational or illegal use of veterinary drugs leads to residues in animal-derived food, which can seriously threaten human health. Efficient detection of low concentrations of drug residues in animal products in a short time is a key [...] Read more.
In the modern farming industry, the irrational or illegal use of veterinary drugs leads to residues in animal-derived food, which can seriously threaten human health. Efficient detection of low concentrations of drug residues in animal products in a short time is a key challenge for analytical methods. This study proposes to use an antibody chip biosensor for rapid and automated analysis of cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamide antibiotics in pork and milk. 3D polymer slides were applied for the preparation of antibody chips. Ovalbumin (OVA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates of the haptens were immobilized as spots on disposable chips. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against cefalexin, ceftiofur, gentamicin, neomycin, and sulfonamides allowed the simultaneous detection of the respective analytes. Antibody binding was detected by a second antibody labeled with Cy3-generating fluorescence, which was scanned a with chip scanner. The limits of detection (LOD) for all the analytes were far below the respective maximum residue limits (MRLs) and ranged from 0.51 to 4.3 µg/kg. The average recoveries of all the analytes in each sample were in the range of 81.6–113.6%. The intra- and inter-assay CV was less than 12.9% and showed good accuracy and precision for all the antibiotics at the MRL level. The sample pretreatment method is simple, and the results are confirmed to be accurate by LC–MS/MS; therefore, this method is valuable for the quality control of animal-derived food. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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11 pages, 1025 KiB  
Article
Immunoassay for Natamycin Trace Screening: Bread, Wine and Other Edibles Analysis
by Maksim A. Burkin, Anastasia G. Moshcheva and Inna A. Galvidis
Biosensors 2022, 12(7), 493; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12070493 - 06 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1659
Abstract
The antifungal drug natamycin (NAT) is widely used in medicine and in the food industry as preservative E235 for a wide variety of foods. The risk of the development of resistance to NAT and its spread in relation to other polyene antibiotics is [...] Read more.
The antifungal drug natamycin (NAT) is widely used in medicine and in the food industry as preservative E235 for a wide variety of foods. The risk of the development of resistance to NAT and its spread in relation to other polyene antibiotics is fraught with the emergence of incurable infections. This work is devoted to the development of an immunoassay to investigate the prevalence of NAT use for food preservation. Two immunogen designs based on tetanus toxoid, conjugated to NAT through different sites of hapten molecules, were compared in antibody generation. Assay formats using heterologous coating antigens were superior for both antibodies. The ELISA variant demonstrated the highest sensitivity (IC50 = 0.12 ng/mL), and a limit of detection of 0.02 ng/mL was selected for NAT determination. The optimized extraction procedure provided a recovery rate of 72–106% for various food matrixes with variations below 12%. Cyclodextrins, as well as NAT–cyclodextrin complex formulations, showed no interference with the quantification of NAT. One hundred and six food product brands, including baked goods, wines, beers, drinks, sauces, and yogurts, were tested to assess the prevalence of the undeclared use of NAT as a preservative. The screening examination revealed three positive yogurts with an undeclared NAT incorporation of 1.1–9.3 mg/kg. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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12 pages, 1993 KiB  
Article
High Fundamental Frequency (HFF) Monolithic Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Array for the Simultaneous Detection of Pesticides and Antibiotics in Complex Food
by María Calero, Román Fernández, María García, Marisol Juan-Borrás, Isabel Escriche, Antonio Arnau, Ángel Montoya and Yolanda Jiménez
Biosensors 2022, 12(6), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12060433 - 20 Jun 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1735
Abstract
As in the case of the food industry in general, there is a global concern about safety and quality in complex food matrices, such as honey, which is driving the demand for fast, sensitive and affordable analytical techniques across the honey-packaging industry. Although [...] Read more.
As in the case of the food industry in general, there is a global concern about safety and quality in complex food matrices, such as honey, which is driving the demand for fast, sensitive and affordable analytical techniques across the honey-packaging industry. Although excellent techniques such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are available, these are located in centralized laboratories and are still lacking in speed, simplicity and cost-effectiveness. Here, a new approach is presented where a competitive immunoassay is combined with a novel High Fundamental Frequency Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (HFF-QCMD) array biosensor for the simultaneous detection of antibiotics and pesticides in honey. Concretely, thiabendazole and sulfathiazole residues were monitored in spiked honey samples. Results revealed that HFF-QCMD arrays provide a complementary and reliable tool to LC-MS/MS for the analysis of contaminants in these kinds of complex matrices, while avoiding elaborate sample pre-treatment. The good sensitivity achieved (I50 values in the 70–720 µg/kg range) and the short analysis time (60 min for 24 individual assays), together with the ability for multiple analyte detection (24 sensor array) and its cost-effectiveness, pave the way for the implementation of a fast on-line, in situ routine control of potentially hazardous chemical residues in honey. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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10 pages, 2820 KiB  
Article
Double Competitive Immunodetection of Small Analyte: Realization for Highly Sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Chloramphenicol
by Dmitriy V. Sotnikov, Lyubov V. Barshevskaya, Anastasia V. Bartosh, Anatoly V. Zherdev and Boris B. Dzantiev
Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050343 - 17 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2176
Abstract
A new scheme of reagents interaction for lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is proposed, which combines the features of competitive and sandwich assay and provides highly sensitive detection of low-molecular-weight analytes. Namely, the antigen in the sample interferes with the formation of the antibody [...] Read more.
A new scheme of reagents interaction for lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is proposed, which combines the features of competitive and sandwich assay and provides highly sensitive detection of low-molecular-weight analytes. Namely, the antigen in the sample interferes with the formation of the antibody (on the membrane)–hapten-protein–antibody (on the nanoparticle-marker) complex, competing with hapten-protein conjugate in both reactions. The proposed scheme was modelled using COPASI software, with a prediction of limit of detection (LOD) decrease by one order of magnitude compared to the standard competitive LFIA. This feature was experimentally confirmed for the detection of chloramphenicol (CAP) in honey. When tested in spiked honey, the visual LOD was 50 ng/mL for the common scheme and 5 ng/mL for the proposed scheme. Instrumental LOD was 300 pg/mL (1.2 µg/kg in conversion per sample weight of honey) in the standard scheme and 20 pg/mL (80 ng/kg in conversion per sample weight of honey) in the proposed scheme. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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9 pages, 1295 KiB  
Communication
Establishment and Comparative Analysis of Enzyme-Linked Immunoassay and Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for the Determination of Trace Quinclorac in Environment
by Xue Liu, Xiuzhai Chen, Xu Zhu, Qing Lin, Xi Pan, Xiaolei Tan, Yongfeng Guo, Jun Qiu and Song Fang
Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050338 - 14 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1942
Abstract
As a common herbicide in farmland, there has been wide concern over quinclorac residue because of its potential risks to the environment and human health. For the detection and monitoring of quinclorac residue in the environment, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) [...] Read more.
As a common herbicide in farmland, there has been wide concern over quinclorac residue because of its potential risks to the environment and human health. For the detection and monitoring of quinclorac residue in the environment, enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) were established. The half-maximal inhibition concentrations (IC50) of ELISA and TRFIA were 0.169 mg/L and 0.087 mg/L with a linear range (IC20–IC80) of 0.020–1.389 mg/L and 0.004–1.861 mg/L, respectively. Compared with ELISA, the limit of detection (LOD, IC20) and IC50 of TRFIA improved approximately 5-fold and 2-fold. The cross-reaction rates for the quinclorac analogs were less than 2%. The average recoveries of quinclorac in river water, paddy water, paddy soil, and brown rice samples were 77.3–106.1%, with RSDs of 1.7–12.5%. More importantly, the results of the two methods were consistent with that of the referenced method of UPLC-MS/MS (R2 > 0.98). ELISA and TRFIA both showed good detection performance and could meet the requirements of the quantitative determination of quinclorac. Therefore, the proposed ELISA and TRFIA could be applied to the rapid and sensitive detection and monitoring of quinclorac residue in the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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12 pages, 3319 KiB  
Article
Development of a Linear Immobilization Carrier-Based Immunoassay for Aflatoxin
by Honglin Yan, Xiaoqian Tang, Xiaohan Liu, Yating Zheng, Minhui Zhang, Yueju Zhao and Qi Zhang
Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050317 - 10 May 2022
Viewed by 1754
Abstract
We explored the feasibility of developing immunoassay technology with a linear carrier, to develop a simpler and cheaper rapid immunoassay technology. We selected aflatoxins as an example for research, as they are a group of highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds representing a worldwide [...] Read more.
We explored the feasibility of developing immunoassay technology with a linear carrier, to develop a simpler and cheaper rapid immunoassay technology. We selected aflatoxins as an example for research, as they are a group of highly toxic and carcinogenic compounds representing a worldwide threat to human health and life. With a non-competitive immunoassay, we detected and evaluated the effect of 28 different linear materials on antibody immobilization. Mercerized cotton and Dyneema line were chosen from the linear materials for further comparison using a competitive immunoassay, because both showed high-signal values and relatively low background noise. The results showed the sensitive IC50 of mercerized cotton as the reaction carrier was 0.33 ng/mL, and the linear range was 0.16~3.25 ng/mL. The sensitivity using Dyneema line as the reaction carrier was 1.16 ng/mL. The competitive curves of four sample matrices were established to evaluate the stability of the detection system; these were basically consistent with those without sample matrices. In conclusion, both mercerized cotton and Dyneema, will be suggested for the novel development of linear immobilization carrier-based immunoassays for other analytes, and especially to construct inexpensive and easy-to-obtain biological and environmental analytical technologies and biosensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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12 pages, 1816 KiB  
Article
A Novel Full-length IgG Recombinant Antibody Highly Specific to Clothianidin and Its Application in Immunochromatographic Assay
by Yunyun Chang, Yang Chen, Shasha Jiao, Xinying Lu, Yihua Fang, Yihua Liu, Ying Zhao, Xiuping Zhan, Guonian Zhu and Yirong Guo
Biosensors 2022, 12(4), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12040233 - 11 Apr 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2009
Abstract
The toxicity of clothianidin to non-target organisms has gradually attracted world-wide attention. It is essential to develop reliable methods for the on-site detection of clothianidin residue. In this study, analogue-based heterologous ic-ELISAs were designed to rapidly screen desirable hybridomas, which could [...] Read more.
The toxicity of clothianidin to non-target organisms has gradually attracted world-wide attention. It is essential to develop reliable methods for the on-site detection of clothianidin residue. In this study, analogue-based heterologous ic-ELISAs were designed to rapidly screen desirable hybridomas, which could be used for the construction of recombinant antibodies (RAbs) against clothianidin. Based on the antibody variable region genes, two full-length IgG RAbs (1F7-RAb and 5C3-RAb) were produced by the mammalian cell expression system. The performance of the two RAbs was characterized and compared by heterologous ic-ELISAs and non-competitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays. Using heterologous ic-ELISAs, the 1F7-RAb exhibited highly specific and sensitive recognition to clothianidin with an IC50 of 4.62 μg/L, whereas the 5C3-RAb could bind to both clothianidin and dinotefuran. The results of the non-competitive SPR assay further verified that the 1F7-RAb had a higher specificity and affinity to clothianidin than the 5C3-RAb. Finally, a gold immunochromatographic assay based on the novel antibody, 1F7-RAb, was developed for rapid detection of clothianidin with high sensitivity (visual detection limit of 2.5 μg/L), specificity, and good reproducibility, which can be used as an effective supervision tool for clothianidin residue in agricultural and environmental samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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13 pages, 4888 KiB  
Article
Development of a Rapid Gold Nanoparticle Immunochromatographic Strip Based on the Nanobody for Detecting 2,4-DichloRophenoxyacetic Acid
by Hui Zhou, Cong He, Zhenfeng Li, Jingqian Huo, Yu Xue, Xiaotong Xu, Meng Qi, Lai Chen, Bruce D. Hammock and Jinlin Zhang
Biosensors 2022, 12(2), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12020084 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3358
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a systemic conductive herbicide widely used across the world. With the large-scale and continuous use of 2,4-D, its possible harm to the environment and non-target organisms has attracted increasing attention, and the construction of a stable rapid on-site detection [...] Read more.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a systemic conductive herbicide widely used across the world. With the large-scale and continuous use of 2,4-D, its possible harm to the environment and non-target organisms has attracted increasing attention, and the construction of a stable rapid on-site detection method is particularly important. In order to achieve on-site rapid detection of 2,4-D, we developed a gold nanoparticle immunochromatographic strip method with the visual elimination value was 50 ng/mL, and a quantitative detection limit of 11 ng/mL based on a nanobody. By combing with the color snap, the immunochromatographic strip could quantitatively analyze the amounts of 2,4-D. Meanwhile, a colorimetric card based on the true color of the test strips was developed for the qualitative analysis of 2,4-D on-site. The samples (water, fruits and vegetables) with and without 2,4-D were detected by the immunochromatographic strips, and the results showed the accuracy and reliability. Thus, this assay is a rapid and simple on-site analytical tool to detect and quantify 2,4-D levels in environmental samples, and the analytical results can be obtained in about ten minutes. In addition, the nanobody technology used in this study provides an inexhaustible supply of a relatively stable antibodies that can be archived as a nanobody, plasmid or even its sequence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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13 pages, 1967 KiB  
Article
A Polydopamine-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Quenching Quantum Dots-Based Dual-Readout Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Sensitive Detection of Carbendazim in Agriproducts
by Xinxin Mao, Yulong Wang, Lan Jiang, Hanxiaoya Zhang, Yun Zhao, Pengyan Liu, Juanjuan Liu, Bruce D. Hammock and Cunzheng Zhang
Biosensors 2022, 12(2), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12020083 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4276
Abstract
In this study, a fluorometric and colorimetric dual-readout lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) using antibody functionalized polydopamine-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@PDAs) as a probe was developed for the detection of carbendazim (CBD). Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were coated with polydopamines (PDA) by the oxidation of [...] Read more.
In this study, a fluorometric and colorimetric dual-readout lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) using antibody functionalized polydopamine-coated gold nanoparticles (Au@PDAs) as a probe was developed for the detection of carbendazim (CBD). Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were coated with polydopamines (PDA) by the oxidation of dopamine to synthesize Au@PDA nanoparticles. The Au@PDA nanoparticles mediated ZnCdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) fluorescence quenching and recovery, resulting in a reverse fluorescence enhancement detection format of CBD. The CBD detection was obtained by the competition between the CBD and the immobilized antigen for Au@PDAs labelled antibody binding, resulting in a significant fluorescence increase and colorimetry decrease corresponded to the concentration of CBD. Dual readout modes were incorporated into the LFIA using the colorimetry signal under natural light and the fluorescence signal under UV light. The cut-off value in the mode of the colorimetric signal and fluorometric signal for CBD detection was 0.5 μg/mL and 0.0156 μg/mL, respectively. The sensitivity of LFIA of the fluorescence mode was 32 times higher than that of the colorimetry mode. There was negligible cross reactivity obtained by using LFIA for the determination of thiabendazole, benomyl, thiophanate-methyl, and thiophanate-ethyl. Consistent and satisfactory results have been achieved by comparing the results of Au@PDAs-QDs-LFIA and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC—MS/MS) testing spiked cucumber and strawberry samples, indicating good reliability of the Au@PDAs-QDs-LFIA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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12 pages, 1069 KiB  
Article
A Sensitive Aptasensor Using Biotin-Streptavidin System for Patulin Detection in Apple Juice
by Xiaoqian Tang, Qi Zhang, Maria Isabel Pividori, Zhaowei Zhang, Jean-Louis Marty and Gaëlle Catanante
Biosensors 2022, 12(2), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12020059 - 23 Jan 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3155
Abstract
Patulin contamination in fruits, vegetables, and their products is considered a serious health risk factor for food safety and human health. Thus, a rapid, simple detection method for patulin is becoming important, which could provide a tool for routine screening and food surveys. [...] Read more.
Patulin contamination in fruits, vegetables, and their products is considered a serious health risk factor for food safety and human health. Thus, a rapid, simple detection method for patulin is becoming important, which could provide a tool for routine screening and food surveys. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive aptamer-based lateral flow assay (FLA) using Streptavidin functionalized gold nanoparticles for sensitive patulin detection. An excellent dynamic range for patulin detection was obtained (2.7~139.8 ng/mL in the buffer and 7.07~359.5 ng/mL in the sample) with no affinity for other mycotoxins such as zearalenone (ZEN), ochratoxin A (OTA), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), citrinin or tenuazonic acid (TEA). The limit of detection was 0.19 ng/mL in the buffer and 0.36 ng/mL in the real sample. The recoveries were 83.3% to 107.1%, with a satisfactory RSD value from 6.5% to 7.5%. Hence the established LFA could be used as a rapid, simple, on-site screening tool for PAT determination in apple juice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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12 pages, 2264 KiB  
Article
Butyl Benzyl Phthalate in Urban Sewage by Magnetic-Based Immunoassay: Environmental Levels and Risk Assessment
by Xia Hong, Yin Cui, Ming Li, Yifan Xia, Daolin Du and Chengwu Yi
Biosensors 2022, 12(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12010045 - 15 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2802
Abstract
A magnetic-based immunoassay (MBI) combined with biotin-streptavidin amplification was proposed for butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) investigation and risk assessment. The values of LOD (limit of detection, IC10) and IC50 were 0.57 ng/mL and 119.61 ng/mL, with a detection range of [...] Read more.
A magnetic-based immunoassay (MBI) combined with biotin-streptavidin amplification was proposed for butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) investigation and risk assessment. The values of LOD (limit of detection, IC10) and IC50 were 0.57 ng/mL and 119.61 ng/mL, with a detection range of 0.57–24,977.71 ng/mL for MBI. The specificity, accuracy and precision are well demonstrated. A total of 36 environmental water samples of urban sewage from Zhenjiang, China, were collected and assessed for BBP contamination. The results show that BBP-positive levels ranged from 2.47 to 89.21 ng/mL, with a positive rate of 77.8%. The health effects of BBP in the urban sewage were within a controllable range, and the ambient severity for health (ASI) was below 1.49. The highest value of AS for ecology (ASII) was 7.43, which indicates a potential harm to ecology. The entropy value of risk quotient was below 100, the highest being 59.47, which poses a low risk to the environment and ecology, indicating that there is a need to strengthen BBP controls. The non-carcinogenic risk of BBP exposure from drinking water was higher for females than that for males, and the non-carcinogenic risk from drinking-water and bathing pathways was negligible. This study could provide an alternative method for detecting BBP and essential information for controlling BBP contamination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunosensors and Immunoassays for Environmental, Agricultural and Food Safety Applications)
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