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Biosensors
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Biosensors Based on Transistors
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Biosensors Based on Transistors

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2024 | Viewed by 4813

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kihyun Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
Interests: semiconductor devices; nanodevices; biosensors; optical sensors
Dr. Meyya Meyyappan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
Interests: chem, bio and radiation sensors; nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes; graphene and inorganic nanowires and their application development in sensors, electronics, optoelectronics and energy storage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The COVID-19 pandemic, which broke out worldwide in early 2020, not only severely damaged the global economy, but also disrupted everyday life. Fast diagnostic technology with cost-effective features is crucial to prevent these enormous damages. However, the common diagnostics methods, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs), are not suitable to effectively contain the spread of infectious diseases, because they require sample delivery to the laboratory facilities, well-trained operators and expensive laboratory equipment. Field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have received considerable attention as one of the powerful diagnostic platforms due to label-free and real-time detection, high sensitivity, high selectivity and compact size. FET-based biosensors have been widely utilized from basic science to clinical tests. Various nanostructures over the past decade have produced significant advances in FET-based biosensor technology, resulting in highly sensitive sensor devices capable of successfully detecting down to a concentration of a few pg/mL. However, the sensitivity still needs to be greatly enhanced for the detection of significant analytes such as antigens and viruses, which are deadly or pathogenic even in ultra-low quantities

This Special Issue aims to collect outstanding research articles on recent advances in FET-based biosensors. The scope of this Special Issue covers, but is not limited to, new detection schemes, novel structure and materials, and methods for improving sensing performance such as sensitivity and selectivity, and novel applications. If the research is related to biosensing, there are no major limitations. Both original research articles and review articles describing the current state of the art in FET-based biosensors are invited.

Dr. Kihyun Kim
Dr. Meyya Meyyappan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biosensors
  • field-effect transistors
  • BioFETs
  • electrolyte-gated transistor
  • flexible biosensor
  • biomarkers
  • surface functionalization
  • diagnostics
  • point-of-care
  • clinical applications

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1218 KiB  
Article
An Organic Electrochemical Transistor-Based Sensor for IgG Levels Detection of Relevance in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
by Antonio Algarín Pérez and Pablo Acedo
Biosensors 2024, 14(4), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14040207 - 22 Apr 2024
Viewed by 374
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors appear as an alternative for relatively low-cost, easy-to-operate biosensors due to their intrinsic amplification. Herein, we present the fabrication, characterization, and validation of an immuno-detection system based on commercial sensors using gold electrodes where no additional surface treatment is performed [...] Read more.
Organic electrochemical transistors appear as an alternative for relatively low-cost, easy-to-operate biosensors due to their intrinsic amplification. Herein, we present the fabrication, characterization, and validation of an immuno-detection system based on commercial sensors using gold electrodes where no additional surface treatment is performed on the gate electrode. The steady-state response of these sensors has been studied by analyzing different semiconductor organic channels in order to optimize the biomolecular detection process and its the application to monitoring human IgG levels due to SARS-CoV-2 infections. Detection levels of up to tens of μgmL−1 with sensitivities up to 13.75% [μg/mL]−1, concentration ranges of medical relevance in seroprevalence studies, have been achieved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors Based on Transistors)
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11 pages, 4037 KiB  
Communication
Sensing Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Using Aptamer-Functionalized Si-Based Electrolyte-Gated Field-Effect Transistor (EGT)
by Seonghwan Shin, Sangwon Kim, Wonyeong Choi, Jeonghyeon Do, Jongmin Son, Kihyun Kim, Sungkey Jang and Jeong-Soo Lee
Biosensors 2024, 14(3), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14030124 - 26 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1104
Abstract
The sensing responses of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using top-down-fabricated Si-based electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) have been investigated. An aptamer was employed as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The EGT demonstrated excellent intrinsic characteristics and higher sensitivity in the subthreshold regime compared to [...] Read more.
The sensing responses of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using top-down-fabricated Si-based electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) have been investigated. An aptamer was employed as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The EGT demonstrated excellent intrinsic characteristics and higher sensitivity in the subthreshold regime compared to the linear regime. The limit of detection (LOD) was achieved as low as 0.94 pg/mL and 20 pg/mL for the current and voltage sensitivity, respectively. To analyze the sensing responses of EGT in detecting the aptamer–SARS-CoV-2 spike protein conjugate, a lumped-capacitive model with the presence of an effective dipole potential and an effective capacitance of the functionalized layer component was employed. The aptamer-functionalized EGT showed high sensitivity even in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. These results suggest that Si-based EGTs are a highly promising method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors Based on Transistors)
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14 pages, 4110 KiB  
Article
Ultrasensitive Silicon Nanowire Biosensor with Modulated Threshold Voltages and Ultra-Small Diameter for Early Kidney Failure Biomarker Cystatin C
by Jiawei Hu, Yinglu Li, Xufang Zhang, Yanrong Wang, Jing Zhang, Jiang Yan, Junjie Li, Zhaohao Zhang, Huaxiang Yin, Qianhui Wei, Qifeng Jiang, Shuhua Wei and Qingzhu Zhang
Biosensors 2023, 13(6), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13060645 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1353
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently occurring severe disease with high mortality. Cystatin C (Cys-C), as a biomarker of early kidney failure, can be used to detect and prevent acute renal injury. In this paper, a biosensor based on a silicon nanowire [...] Read more.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently occurring severe disease with high mortality. Cystatin C (Cys-C), as a biomarker of early kidney failure, can be used to detect and prevent acute renal injury. In this paper, a biosensor based on a silicon nanowire field-effect transistor (SiNW FET) was studied for the quantitative detection of Cys-C. Based on the spacer image transfer (SIT) processes and channel doping optimization for higher sensitivity, a wafer-scale, highly controllable SiNW FET was designed and fabricated with a 13.5 nm SiNW. In order to improve the specificity, Cys-C antibodies were modified on the oxide layer of the SiNW surface by oxygen plasma treatment and silanization. Furthermore, a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel was involved in improving the effectiveness and stability of detection. The experimental results show that the SiNW FET sensors realize the lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.25 ag/mL and have a good linear correlation in the range of Cys-C concentration from 1 ag/mL to 10 pg/mL, exhibiting its great potential in the future real-time application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors Based on Transistors)
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9 pages, 3482 KiB  
Communication
Highly Sensitive Detection of Urea Using Si Electrolyte-Gated Transistor with Low Power Consumption
by Wonyeong Choi, Bo Jin, Seonghwan Shin, Jeonghyeon Do, Jongmin Son, Kihyun Kim and Jeong-Soo Lee
Biosensors 2023, 13(5), 565; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13050565 - 22 May 2023
Viewed by 1238
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate Si-based electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) for detecting urea. The top-down-fabricated device exhibited excellent intrinsic characteristics, including a low subthreshold swing (SS) (~80 mV/dec) and a high on/off current ratio (~107). The sensitivity, which varied depending on the [...] Read more.
We experimentally demonstrate Si-based electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) for detecting urea. The top-down-fabricated device exhibited excellent intrinsic characteristics, including a low subthreshold swing (SS) (~80 mV/dec) and a high on/off current ratio (~107). The sensitivity, which varied depending on the operation regime, was analyzed with the urea concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 316 mM. The current-related response could be enhanced by reducing the SS of the devices, whereas the voltage-related response remained relatively constant. The urea sensitivity in the subthreshold regime was as high as 1.9 dec/pUrea, four times higher than the reported value. The extracted power consumption of 0.3 nW was extremely low compared to other FET-type sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors Based on Transistors)
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