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Biomedicines
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Key Processes in Health and Disease Regulated by the Hippo...
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Key Processes in Health and Disease Regulated by the Hippo Pathway

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2022) | Viewed by 6897

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giampaolo Morciano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Translational Research Center (CRT), Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola (RA), Italy
2. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
Interests: mitochondrial diseases; cardiology; ATP synthase; cell signaling; cell death; inflammation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Hippo pathway is known to participate in the genetic program that dictates one pre-defined size of an adult organ, in the presence of the correct nutrient availability. Organ size relies on a delicate balance between cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell self-renewal events, all features controlled by the Hippo pathway. If, on one hand, the Hippo cascade seems to participate in all stages of development from fetus to adult life in healthy individuals, at the same time and in the presence of either mutations or altered expression in genes, as an aberrant function of proteins of this signaling cascade, it may be associated to disorders concerning cancer, cardiovascular pathologies, and inherited familial diseases.

The key components of this pathway may be summarized in two complex modules: the first one based on serine–threonine kinase activity and the second involving co-transcriptional effectors. Proteins with kinase activities are MST1 and MST2, and LATS1 and LATS2. Here, mutations led to uncontrolled overgrowth of epithelial tissues. Domains in the carboxyl terminus in MSTs mediate heterodimer formations with SAV1, crucial for LATS1/2 phosphorylation. On the other hand, transcriptional co-activators are represented by the yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, also known as WWTR1). When the kinase module is inactive, YAP and TAZ are not phosphorylated and translocate from the cytosol to the nucleus where they induce the expression of several genes involved in cancer signaling, being considered as potent oncogenes, but also in cardiac remodeling in many types of cardiomyopathies. When MST1/2 and LATS1/2 are active and phosphorylated, in turn, they mediate the phosphorylation of YAP and TAZ which remain in the cytosol where they may be degraded by the proteasome or assume additional functions.

In this Research Topic, we call for articles and reviews that are able to summarize, in an original and innovative view, the latest findings and molecular insights on the involvement of proteins, interactors, and upstream regulators in health and disease.

Dr. Giampaolo Morciano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

22 pages, 7688 KiB  
Review
Some Insights into the Regulation of Cardiac Physiology and Pathology by the Hippo Pathway
by Daniela Ramaccini, Gaia Pedriali, Mariasole Perrone, Esmaa Bouhamida, Lorenzo Modesti, Mariusz R. Wieckowski, Carlotta Giorgi, Paolo Pinton and Giampaolo Morciano
Biomedicines 2022, 10(3), 726; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030726 - 21 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2908
Abstract
The heart is one of the most fascinating organs in living beings. It beats up to 100,000 times a day throughout the lifespan, without resting. The heart undergoes profound anatomical, biochemical, and functional changes during life, from hypoxemic fetal stages to a completely [...] Read more.
The heart is one of the most fascinating organs in living beings. It beats up to 100,000 times a day throughout the lifespan, without resting. The heart undergoes profound anatomical, biochemical, and functional changes during life, from hypoxemic fetal stages to a completely differentiated four-chambered cardiac muscle. In the middle, many biological events occur after and intersect with each other to regulate development, organ size, and, in some cases, regeneration. Several studies have defined the essential roles of the Hippo pathway in heart physiology through the regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, cell proliferation, and differentiation. This molecular route is composed of multiple components, some of which were recently discovered, and is highly interconnected with multiple known prosurvival pathways. The Hippo cascade is evolutionarily conserved among species, and in addition to its regulatory roles, it is involved in disease by drastically changing the heart phenotype and its function when its components are mutated, absent, or constitutively activated. In this review, we report some insights into the regulation of cardiac physiology and pathology by the Hippo pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Key Processes in Health and Disease Regulated by the Hippo Pathway)
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19 pages, 1495 KiB  
Review
Neuronal Trafficking of the Amyloid Precursor Protein—What Do We Really Know?
by Tong Lin, Lars O. Tjernberg and Sophia Schedin-Weiss
Biomedicines 2021, 9(7), 801; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070801 - 10 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3091
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, contributing to 60–80% of cases. It is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts symptomless in the first two to three decades and then propagates into a long-term, irreversible disease, resulting in the progressive [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, contributing to 60–80% of cases. It is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts symptomless in the first two to three decades and then propagates into a long-term, irreversible disease, resulting in the progressive loss of memory, reasoning, abstraction and language capabilities. It is a complex disease, involving a large number of entangled players, and there is no effective treatment to cure it or alter its progressive course. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the disease pathology and an early diagnosis are both necessary. AD has two significant pathological hallmarks: extracellular senile plaques composed of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, and the aggregation of Aβ, which starts in earlier stages, is usually claimed to be the primary cause of AD. Secretases that cleave Aβ precursor protein (APP) and produce neurotoxic Aβ reside in distinct organelles of the cell, and current concepts suggest that APP moves between distinct intracellular compartments. Obviously, APP transport and processing are intimately related processes that cannot be dissociated from each other, and, thus, how and where APP is transported determines its processing fate. In this review, we summarize critical mechanisms underlying neuronal APP transport, which we divide into separate parts: (1) secretory pathways and (2) endocytic and autophagic pathways. We also include two lipoprotein receptors that play essential roles in APP transport: sorting-related receptor with A-type repeats and sortilin. Moreover, we consider here some major disruptions in the neuronal transport of APP that contribute to AD physiology and pathology. Lastly, we discuss current methods and technical difficulties in the studies of APP transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Key Processes in Health and Disease Regulated by the Hippo Pathway)
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