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Biomedicines
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Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in Disease Pathogenesis
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Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in Disease Pathogenesis

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology in Human Health and Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 4261

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pugazhendhi Srinivasan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
Interests: microbiome; chronic inflammation; nutrition; cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nanda Kumar Navalpur Shanmugam

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
Interests: gut microbiota and host immune; microbiome; gut-brain axis; gut inflammation; probiotics and nutrition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The gut microbiota is considered an invisible organ of the human system due to its multiple functional roles. There is no stable microbial composition, and the normal microbial composition varies between different age groups. This is an adaptive and dynamic system that reflects the health status and can be a potential biomarker in the future. The microbiota plays important role in training the immune system and various metabolic pathways. The overuse of antibiotics, poor diet, and lifestyle are some of the factors that affect the healthy microbial composition leading to microbial dysbiosis.

The role of microbial dysbiosis in causing diseases is clear from the increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases observed in developing countries as seen in developed countries. This is attributed to changes in diet and lifestyle that are considered to affect the microbiota.

With affordable next-generation sequencing, microbiome studies are conducted at small and large scales to explore various human diseases. Many such studies observed microbial dysbiosis in various disease conditions. These studies mostly profiled dysbiosis. Microbiome studies in the future are required to establish the mechanistic role of microbial dysbiosis in various disease pathogenesis.

This special issue invites original research and review articles that expand our knowledge on the role of dysbiosis in disease pathogenesis. The studies conducted in animal models and human subjects will be accepted for submission.

Dr. Pugazhendhi Srinivasan
Dr. Nanda Kumar Navalpur Shanmugam
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbiome
  • dysbiosis
  • pathogenesis
  • metabolomics
  • probiotics
  • fecal microbial transplant

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2941 KiB  
Article
The Association between Delayed Gut Microbiota Maturity in Pre-Term Infants and the Feeding Intolerance—A Pilot Study
by Ya-Chi Hsu, Ming-Chih Lin, Katharina Ardanareswari, Webiana Lowisia, Yi-Hsuan Lin, Yi-Jhen Chen, Cheng-Kuang Hsu and Yun-Chin Chung
Biomedicines 2024, 12(3), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030539 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 716
Abstract
This study compared gut (fecal) microbiota profiles between pre-term and full-term infants, assuming that pre-term infants without feeding intolerance would have gut microbiota similar to those of full-term infants. A total of 13 pre-term infants (gestational age < 37 weeks, birthweight ≤ 2500 [...] Read more.
This study compared gut (fecal) microbiota profiles between pre-term and full-term infants, assuming that pre-term infants without feeding intolerance would have gut microbiota similar to those of full-term infants. A total of 13 pre-term infants (gestational age < 37 weeks, birthweight ≤ 2500 g) and 10 full-term infants were included. The pre-term infants were assigned to the feeding tolerance (FT) group (n = 7) if their daily intake exceeded 100 mL/kg/day at two weeks after birth, or the feeding intolerance (FI) group (n = 6). Microbial DNA from weekly fecal samples was analyzed. The microbiota profiles of the pre-term infants and full-term infants were significantly different (p = 0.0001), as well as the FT and FI groups (p = 0.0009). The full-term group had more diversity, with higher concentrations of facultative anaerobes such as Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacteriaceae. The FT group’s gut microbiota matured over four weeks, with higher levels of digestion-related bacteria, while the FI group had more pathogens. In the FI group, a significant difference was observed between the first and second weeks, with no significant differences noted between the first week and the third or fourth weeks. The delay in the development of the pre-term infants’ gut microbiota may be associated with the FI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in Disease Pathogenesis)
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34 pages, 3597 KiB  
Article
Prophylactic Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Intestinal Microbiota and Behavior in Wild-Type and Zonulin Transgenic Mice
by Birna Asbjornsdottir, Alba Miranda-Ribera, Maria Fiorentino, Takumi Konno, Murat Cetinbas, Jinggang Lan, Ruslan I. Sadreyev, Larus S. Gudmundsson, Magnus Gottfredsson, Bertrand Lauth, Bryndis Eva Birgisdottir and Alessio Fasano
Biomedicines 2023, 11(1), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010091 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2352
Abstract
The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) involves bidirectional communication between intestinal microbiota and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, central nervous system (CNS), neuroendocrine/neuroimmune systems, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and enteric nervous system (ENS). The intestinal microbiota can influence host physiology and pathology. Dysbiosis involves the loss of [...] Read more.
The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) involves bidirectional communication between intestinal microbiota and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, central nervous system (CNS), neuroendocrine/neuroimmune systems, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, and enteric nervous system (ENS). The intestinal microbiota can influence host physiology and pathology. Dysbiosis involves the loss of beneficial microbial input or signal, diversity, and expansion of pathobionts, which can lead to loss of barrier function and increased intestinal permeability (IP). Colostrum, the first milk from mammals after birth, is a natural source of nutrients and is rich in oligosaccharides, immunoglobulins, growth factors, and anti-microbial components. The aim of this study was to investigate if bovine colostrum (BC) administration might modulate intestinal microbiota and, in turn, behavior in two mouse models, wild-type (WT) and Zonulin transgenic (Ztm)—the latter of which is characterized by dysbiotic microbiota, increased intestinal permeability, and mild hyperactivity—and to compare with control mice. Bioinformatics analysis of the microbiome showed that consumption of BC was associated with increased taxonomy abundance (p = 0.001) and diversity (p = 0.004) of potentially beneficial species in WT mice and shifted dysbiotic microbial community towards eubiosis in Ztm mice (p = 0.001). BC induced an anxiolytic effect in WT female mice compared with WT female control mice (p = 0.0003), and it reduced anxiogenic behavior in Ztm female mice compared with WT female control mice (p = 0.001), as well as in Ztm male mice compared with WT BC male mice (p = 0.03). As evidenced in MGBA interactions, BC supplementation may well be applied for prophylactic approaches in the future. Further research is needed to explore human interdependencies between intestinal microbiota, including eubiosis and pathobionts, and neuroinflammation, and the potential value of BC for human use. The MGH Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee authorized the animal study (2013N000013). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in Disease Pathogenesis)
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Review

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20 pages, 1073 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Microbial Landscape: Gut Dysbiosis and Therapeutic Strategies in Pancreatitis—A Narrative Review
by Vasile Valeriu Lupu, Roxana Mihaela Bratu, Laura Mihaela Trandafir, Laura Bozomitu, Gabriela Paduraru, Nicoleta Gimiga, Gabriela Ghiga, Lorenza Forna, Ileana Ioniuc, Florin Dumitru Petrariu, Bogdan Puha and Ancuta Lupu
Biomedicines 2024, 12(3), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030645 - 14 Mar 2024
Viewed by 776
Abstract
The gut microbiota is emerging as an important contributor to the homeostasis of the human body through its involvement in nutrition and metabolism, protection against pathogens, and the development and modulation of the immune system. It has therefore become an important research topic [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota is emerging as an important contributor to the homeostasis of the human body through its involvement in nutrition and metabolism, protection against pathogens, and the development and modulation of the immune system. It has therefore become an important research topic in recent decades. Although the association between intestinal dysbiosis and numerous digestive pathologies has been thoroughly researched, its involvement in pancreatic diseases constitutes a novelty in the specialized literature. In recent years, growing evidence has pointed to the critical involvement of the pancreas in regulating the intestinal microbiota, as well as the impact of the intestinal microbiota on pancreatic physiology, which implies the existence of a bidirectional connection known as the “gut–pancreas axis”. It is theorized that any change at either of these levels triggers a response in the other component, hence leading to the evolution of pancreatitis. However, there are not enough data to determine whether gut dysbiosis is an underlying cause or a result of pancreatitis; therefore, more research is needed in this area. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the role of gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis, its evolution, and the prospect of employing the microbiota as a therapeutic intervention for pancreatitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbial Dysbiosis in Disease Pathogenesis)
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