Materials for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2024 | Viewed by 3261

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Guest Editor
NeMO Lab., ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: supramolecular hydrogels; nanostructured scaffolds; self-assembling peptides; polymers; nanofibers; nano-nutraceuticals; bioactive materials; regenerative medicine; tissue engineering; neural stem cell
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the past two decades, various materials (such as polymers, hydrogels, metals, ceramics, composites, nanomaterials, etc.) have been engineered and widely used to augment tissue function, to replace damage organs, to treat diseases or injuries, and for recapitulating complex microenvironments for Bio-MEMS applications or organ/tissue-mimicking phantoms to address the current limitations with donor organs and problems with donor site morbidity. Today, more than ever we have an advanced toolbox of synthetic and processing techniques (i.e., electrospinning, 3D printing, bioprinting) to rationally design, create, and process materials with specific and tunable properties in mind. These advancements go hand in hand with the integration of theory with experiments and cutting-edge fabrication techniques, materials chemistry and biology with engineering, and the application of basic science. In fact, the last few decades of research have led to the emergence of numerous material options, along with an increasing sophistication in the ability to tune and manipulate complex physical, biological, and mechanical properties. Moreover, some of these materials have already entered clinical practice, and others will certainly be entering practice shortly. Since the field is still expanding at an accelerated pace, here we aim to collect the latest advances by including materials with improved structural, mechanical, and architectures features as well as the state-of-the-art of all aspects associated with the technologies used for their biofabrication for future applications in biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine. The purpose of this Special Issue is to collate investigators who have been working in this field, whether from a theoretical, experimental, or engineering perspective, in order to develop a sense of what has been accomplished so far, and how much remains to be explored. Original works are welcome as well as reviews of the field.

Dr. Raffaele Pugliese
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3458 KiB  
Article
Bioglass and Vitamin D3 Coatings for Titanium Implants: Osseointegration and Corrosion Protection
by Irina Negut, Gratiela Gradisteanu-Pircalabioru, Mihaela Dinu, Bogdan Bita, Anca Constantina Parau, Valentina Grumezescu, Carmen Ristoscu and Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
Biomedicines 2023, 11(10), 2772; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11102772 - 12 Oct 2023
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Abstract
The use of MAPLE synthesized thin films based on BG and VD3 for improving the osseointegration and corrosion protection of Ti-like implant surfaces is reported. The distribution of chemical elements and functional groups was shown by FTIR spectrometry; the stoichiometry and chemical functional [...] Read more.
The use of MAPLE synthesized thin films based on BG and VD3 for improving the osseointegration and corrosion protection of Ti-like implant surfaces is reported. The distribution of chemical elements and functional groups was shown by FTIR spectrometry; the stoichiometry and chemical functional integrity of thin films after MAPLE deposition was preserved, optimal results being revealed especially for the BG+VD3_025 samples. The morphology and topography were examined by SEM and AFM, and revealed surfaces with many irregularities, favoring a good adhesion of cells. The thin films’ cytotoxicity and biocompatibility were evaluated in vitro at the morphological, biochemical, and molecular level. Following incubation with HDF cells, BG57+VD3_ 025 thin films showed the best degree of biocompatibility, as illustrated by the viability assay values. According to the LDH investigation, all tested samples had higher values compared to the unstimulated cells. The evaluation of cell morphology was performed by fluorescence microscopy following cultivation of HDF cells on the obtained thin films. The cultivation of HDF’s on the thin films did not induce major cellular changes. Cells cultured on the BG57+VD3_025 sample had similar morphology to that of unstimulated control cells. The inflammatory profile of human cells cultured on thin films obtained by MAPLE was analyzed by the ELISA technique. It was observed that the thin films did not change the pro- and anti-inflammatory profile of the HDF cells, the IL-6 and IL-10 levels being similar to those of the control sample. The wettability of the MAPLE thin films was investigated by the sessile drop method. A contact angle of 54.65° was measured for the sample coated with BG57+VD3_025. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy gave a valuable insight into the electrochemical reactions occurring on the surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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15 pages, 4684 KiB  
Article
Computational Mechanics of Form-Fitting 3D-Printed Lattice-Based Wrist-Hand Orthosis for Motor Neuron Disease
by Silvia Badini, Stefano Regondi, Carmen Lammi, Carlotta Bollati, Giordana Donvito and Raffaele Pugliese
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 1787; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071787 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1791
Abstract
Motor neuron disease (MND) patients often experience hand-wrist muscle atrophy resulting in severe social consequences and hampering their daily activities. Although hand-wrist orthosis is commonly used to assist weakened muscles, its effectiveness is limited due to the rapid progression of the disease and [...] Read more.
Motor neuron disease (MND) patients often experience hand-wrist muscle atrophy resulting in severe social consequences and hampering their daily activities. Although hand-wrist orthosis is commonly used to assist weakened muscles, its effectiveness is limited due to the rapid progression of the disease and the need for customization to suit individual patient requirements. To address these challenges, this study investigates the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to design and fabricate two lattice structures inspired by silkworm cocoons, using poly-ε-caprolactone as feedstock material. Finite element method (FEM) analysis is employed to study the mechanical behavior, enabling control over the geometric configuration incorporated into the hand-wrist orthosis. Through tensile displacement and three-point bending simulations, the stress distribution is examined for both lattice geometries. Geometry-1 demonstrates anisotropic behavior, while geometry-2 exhibits no strict directional dependence due to its symmetry and uniform node positioning. Moreover, the biocompatibility of lattices with human skin fibroblasts is investigated, confirming excellent biocompatibility. Lastly, the study involves semi-structured interviews with MND patients to gather feedback and develop prototypes of form-fitting 3D-printed lattice-based hand-wrist orthosis. By utilizing 3D printing technology, this study aims to provide customized orthosis that can effectively support weakened muscles and reposition the hand for individuals with MND. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials for Biomedical Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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