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Biomedicines
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Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral Diseases
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Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral Diseases

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 5158

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Contaldo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania L. Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
Interests: oral microbiome; oral microbiota; disbiosis; oral pathology and medicine; pediatric dentistry; dentistry; oral cancer; oral infections; oral mycology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alessandra Fusco

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
Interests: microbiology; bacteria; fungi; biofilm; host-pathogen interactions; innate immunityantimicrobial peptides; microbiota; probiotics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, evidence from the literature has reported the relationships between oral and systemic health. Conversely, bad oral hygiene and dysbiosis are responsible for a rising list of extra-oral disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, preterm birth, diabetes, rheumatic arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases, and neoplasias.

Furthermore, oral and gut microbiomes are linked and interact with other systems, thus responsible for the onset of various diseases.

For these reasons, the human oral microbiota has been studied to identify specific dysbiosis related to specific diseases. Thanks to the widespread of omics technologies, the interplay between the oral microbiome and metabolomics contributed to further advances in studying these correlations. Understating these relationships is beneficial for identifying diagnostic and prognostic markers or pathways to early recognize or characterize systemic diseases from their specific related oral microbiome.

The present SI intends to collect high-quality original research articles and reviews on the progress and advances in oral microbiome studies related to oral and extra-oral diseases.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Maria Contaldo
Dr. Alessandra Fusco
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • oral microbiota
  • oral microbiome
  • oral focal infections and systemic diseases
  • oral mycobiome
  • virome
  • personalized medicine
  • dentistry
  • probiotics
  • oral pathology oral medicine oral cancer oral diseases

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3007 KiB  
Article
The Role of Sulfhydryl (Thiols) Groups in Oral and Periodontal Diseases
by Sabetim Cerkezi, Marija Nakova, Icko Gorgoski, Kenan Ferati, Arberesha Bexheti-Ferati, Andrea Palermo, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Laura Ferrante, Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Francesco Inchingolo and Gianna Dipalma
Biomedicines 2024, 12(4), 882; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12040882 - 16 Apr 2024
Viewed by 271
Abstract
Aim. The sulfhydryl (thiols) group of glutathione plays an important role in the neutralization of foreign organic compounds and the reduction in peroxides. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the concentration of sulfhydryl groups in the gingival tissue of healthy individuals [...] Read more.
Aim. The sulfhydryl (thiols) group of glutathione plays an important role in the neutralization of foreign organic compounds and the reduction in peroxides. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the concentration of sulfhydryl groups in the gingival tissue of healthy individuals and those with gingivitis or periodontitis, and to examine the differences between these groups. Material and methods. To assess the concentration of sulfhydryl groups (thiols) in the gingival tissue of healthy individuals and those with gingivitis or periodontitis, we used spectrophotometric analysis using dithionitrobenzoate (DTNB) as a reagent to measure the accessible sulfhydryl groups present in gingival tissue proteins. The sample was divided into three distinct groups: individuals with periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis, and different indices were used to assess the periodontal status of the participants. Next, a statistical analysis was conducted to compare the concentrations of sulfhydryl groups among the different groups of patients. Conclusions. The results of this study showed significantly decreased levels of sulfhydryl (thiols) groups in gingival tissue from patients with gingivitis and periodontitis, compared with healthy people (control group). These results confirm the role of sulfhydryl (thiols) groups in defense against free radicals. They share a significant role in detoxification, signal transduction, apoptosis, and various other functions at the molecular level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral Diseases)
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11 pages, 1402 KiB  
Article
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in the Context of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders
by Sara Passerini, Giulia Babini, Elisabetta Merenda, Raffaella Carletti, Daniela Scribano, Luigi Rosa, Antonietta Lucia Conte, Ugo Moens, Livia Ottolenghi, Umberto Romeo, Maria Pia Conte, Cira Rosaria Tiziana Di Gioia and Valeria Pietropaolo
Biomedicines 2024, 12(4), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12040709 - 22 Mar 2024
Viewed by 632
Abstract
Despite recent advances in prevention, detection and treatment, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a global health concern, strongly associated with environmental and lifestyle risk factors and infection with oncogenic viruses. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV), well known to be the causative agent of [...] Read more.
Despite recent advances in prevention, detection and treatment, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a global health concern, strongly associated with environmental and lifestyle risk factors and infection with oncogenic viruses. Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV), well known to be the causative agent of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) has been found in OSCC, suggesting its potential role as a co-factor in the development of oral cavity cancers. To improve our understanding about MCPyV in oral cavities, the detection and analysis of MCPyV DNA, transcripts and miRNA were performed on OSCCs and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). In addition, the cellular miR-375, known to be deregulated in tumors, was examined. MCPyV DNA was found in 3 out of 11 OSCC and 4 out of 12 OPMD samples, with a viral mean value of 1.49 × 102 copies/mL. Viral integration was not observed and LTAg and VP1 transcripts were detected. Viral miRNAs were not detected whereas the cellular miR-375 was found over expressed in all MCPyV positive oral specimens. Our results reported evidence of MCPyV replication in both OSCC and OPMD suggesting the oral cavity as a site of replicative MCPyV infection, therefore underscoring an active role of this virus in the occurrence of oral lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral Diseases)
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13 pages, 698 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Age, Gender, BMI, Diet, Salivary pH and Periodontal Pathogenic Bacteria in Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Georgiana Veronica Motoc, Raluca Iulia Juncar, Abel Emanuel Moca, Ovidiu Motoc, Luminița Ligia Vaida and Mihai Juncar
Biomedicines 2023, 11(9), 2374; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092374 - 24 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1020
Abstract
The oral microbiome can be influenced by many factors and its dysbiosis can have negative effects on oral and general health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the intensity of 11 periodontal pathogenic microorganisms identified in the oral cavity of a [...] Read more.
The oral microbiome can be influenced by many factors and its dysbiosis can have negative effects on oral and general health. The purpose of this study was to analyze the intensity of 11 periodontal pathogenic microorganisms identified in the oral cavity of a sample of children and adolescents from Oradea, Romania and to investigate the association of some variables (age, gender, body mass index, diet, and salivary pH) with the identified microorganisms. The cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of clinically healthy patients under the age of 18 years from Oradea, Romania. For the analysis of the periodontal pathogens, the micro-IDent kit was used, which determines 11 bacterial markers for periodontitis and peri-implantitis. The kit is based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bacterial sampling was carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions. A total of 60 children (23 male, 37 female) were included in this study, and were divided into three different age categories. No statistically significant results were identified for gender. However statistically significant results were obtained for other variables. Positive results for Prevotella intermedia and Bacteroides forsythus were associated with ages between 13 and 18 years, while positive results for Capnocytophaga spp. were associated with ages between 2 and 5 years. Positive results for Prevotella intermedia, Bacteroides forsythus, Peptostreptococcus micros, Campylobacter rectus and Eikenella corodens were associated with an overweight BMI. Negative results for Prevotella intermedia and Eikenella corodens were associated with a natural diet in the first 6 months of life. Positive results for Fusobacterium nucleatum and Campylobacter rectus were associated with an acidic salivary pH. In this study, the identified periodontal pathogens were associated with age, body mass index, diet in the first 6 months of life, and salivary pH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral Diseases)
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12 pages, 554 KiB  
Article
Identification of Healthy Tissue from Malignant Tissue in Surgical Margin Using Raman Spectroscopy in Oral Cancer Surgeries
by Mukta Sharma, Ying-Chang Li, S. N. Manjunatha, Chia-Lung Tsai, Ray-Ming Lin, Shiang-Fu Huang and Liann-Be Chang
Biomedicines 2023, 11(7), 1984; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11071984 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1363
Abstract
Accurate identification of tissue types in surgical margins is essential for ensuring the complete removal of cancerous cells and minimizing the risk of recurrence. The objective of this study was to explore the clinical utility of Raman spectroscopy for the detection of oral [...] Read more.
Accurate identification of tissue types in surgical margins is essential for ensuring the complete removal of cancerous cells and minimizing the risk of recurrence. The objective of this study was to explore the clinical utility of Raman spectroscopy for the detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in both tumor and healthy tissues obtained from surgical resection specimens during surgery. This study enrolled a total of 64 patients diagnosed with OSCC. Among the participants, approximately 50% of the cases were classified as the most advanced stage, referred to as T4. Raman experiments were conducted on cryopreserved tissue samples collected from patients diagnosed with OSCC. Prominent spectral regions containing key oral biomarkers were analyzed using the partial least squares–support vector machine (PLS–SVM) method, which is a powerful multivariate analysis technique for discriminant analysis. This approach effectively differentiated OSCC tissue from non-OSCC tissue, achieving a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 93.3% with 94.7% accuracy. In the current study, Raman analysis of fresh tissue samples showed that OSCC tissues contained significantly higher levels of nucleic acids, proteins, and several amino acids compared to the adjacent healthy tissues. In addition to differentiating between OSCC and non-OSCC tissues, we have also explored the potential of Raman spectroscopy in classifying different stages of OSCC. Specifically, we have investigated the classification of T1, T2, T3, and T4 stages based on their Raman spectra. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both stage and subsite factors in the application of Raman spectroscopy for OSCC analysis. Future work will focus on expanding our tissue sample collection to better comprehend how different subsites influence the Raman spectra of OSCC at various stages, aiming to improve diagnostic accuracy and aid in identifying tumor-free margins during surgical interventions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral Diseases)
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11 pages, 1783 KiB  
Article
Impact of Treatment on Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index and Other Inflammatory Markers in Odontogenic Cervicofacial Phlegmon Cases: A Retrospective Study
by Ciprian Ioan Roi, Alexandra Roi, Adrian Nicoară, Diana Nica, Laura Cristina Rusu, Andrada Soancă, Alexandru Cătălin Motofelea and Mircea Riviș
Biomedicines 2023, 11(6), 1710; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061710 - 14 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1267
Abstract
Cervicofacial odontogenic infections can have an aggressive evolution with life-threatening complications. Management in many cases can be a challenge for clinicians, implying an extra focus on individual inflammatory parameters. The aim of this study is to evaluate the evolution of inflammatory markers for [...] Read more.
Cervicofacial odontogenic infections can have an aggressive evolution with life-threatening complications. Management in many cases can be a challenge for clinicians, implying an extra focus on individual inflammatory parameters. The aim of this study is to evaluate the evolution of inflammatory markers for the included diagnosed odontogenic cervicofacial phlegmon cases at the moment of hospitalization and after receiving surgical and pharmaceutical treatment. Materials and methods: A total of 39 patients diagnosed with odontogenic cervicofacial phlegmons that were admitted to the Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the Emergency Hospital from Timisoara were included in the study. The main focus was the parameters represented by the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) based on neutrophil, platelet, and lymphocytes count; the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR); C-reactive protein level (CRP); and white blood cell count (WBC) before and after the treatment as potential prognosis factors. Results: The results of the study after analyzing the included parameters revealed a significant difference between the calculated values of the SII, NLR, CRP, and WBC at admission and at time of discharge, being directly influenced by the treatment. Conclusions: SII, NLR, CRP, and WBC dynamic changes in severe cervicofacial odontogenic infections can be influenced by receiving accurate surgical and pharmacological treatment, with the potential to become future severity prognosis indexes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Oral Microbiome Related to Oral Diseases)
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