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Biomedicines
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Recent Advances in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma
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Recent Advances in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2024 | Viewed by 2214

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppe Guida

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
2. Severe Asthma and Rare Lung Disease Unit, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano, 10043 Turin, Italy
Interests: severe asthma; EGPA; eosinophils; nitric oxide; T cell immunology; chronic rhinosinusitis
Dr. Cristiano Caruso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of di Medical and Surgical Science, Fondation Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli IRCCS, University Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 20123 Rome, Italy
Interests: allergic asthma; epithelial barrier damage; protease allergen; type 2 inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are often clinically associated, and they reciprocally influence prognosis and outcome. The basis of this close relationship is found in their common immunopathology. Nowadays, both asthma and CRS are classified into different phenotypes, with the main defined as a Type-2 inflammatory disease. Nasal polyps are one of the main clues for a Type-2 phenotype. This phenotype is characterized by epithelial barrier disfunction; activation of Type-2 immune cells, including T helper 2 lymphocytes, dendritic cells, innate lymphoid cells Type-2, eosinophils, and mast cells; and imbalance at the host airway–microbial interface. Additional immune mechanisms involve neuroepithelial damage, remodeling and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and B cell activation by allergens and superantigens, leading to either specific or polyclonal IgE synthesis. The Type-2 low phenotypes are less understood but often represent clinical challenges due to their low response to medical treatment. Environmental and pathogen exposure of the airway epithelium concur in the evolving steps of the natural history of united airway diseases. The era of precision medicine led to pharmacological interventions able to modulate a specific immunological Type-2 pathway and provided clinical significant benefits. The aim of this Special Issue is to document new advances in the field of asthma and CRS immunopathogenesis through original articles and reviews. Translational research from basic hypothesis to clinical observations is encouraged.

Dr. Giuseppe Guida
Dr. Cristiano Caruso
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • asthma
  • chronic rhinosinusitis
  • nasal polyps
  • severe asthma
  • Type-2 inflammation
  • phenotypes
  • endotypes
  • biologics
  • epithelial disfunction
  • remodeling

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1047 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Clinical Remission in Best-Performing Severe Asthmatic Patients Treated for Three Years with Mepolizumab
by Diego Bagnasco, Benedetta Bondi, Marco Caminati, Stefania Nicola, Laura Pini, Manlio Milanese, Luisa Brussino, Gianenrico Senna, Giorgio Walter Canonica and Fulvio Braido
Biomedicines 2024, 12(5), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12050960 (registering DOI) - 26 Apr 2024
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Abstract
Background: In its severe form, where possible, asthma is treated using biological drugs in order to reduce, as much as possible, the use of systemic steroids. Mepolizumab is effective for severe asthma based on key outcomes such as exacerbation and steroid dependence. Its [...] Read more.
Background: In its severe form, where possible, asthma is treated using biological drugs in order to reduce, as much as possible, the use of systemic steroids. Mepolizumab is effective for severe asthma based on key outcomes such as exacerbation and steroid dependence. Its efficacy in terms of the criteria for clinical remission in the short and long term has become of interest. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of mepolizumab in the achievement of clinical remission after 3 years of administration. Methods: In this study, 71 patients who continued mepolizumab for 3 years were assessed for clinical remission according to six different published sets of remission criteria. Results: According to the criteria, 39–52% of patients experienced complete remission in the first year, increasing to 51–73% at 3 years. By classifying patients according to partial and complete remission criteria, proposed by the SANI, we observe 22% of patients in partial remission at one year, achieving complete remission after three years. The baseline factors associated with earlier remission were a higher FEV1, if we consider classifications requiring an FEV1 ≥ 80%, a low OCS dose, and low FeNO levels, in the patients requiring FEV1 stabilization. Conclusions: Clinical remission is possible for patients treated with mepolizumab. The observations at three years compared with the first year indicated that the factors negatively affecting remission delayed rather than prevented it. Earlier treatment could increase the chances of remission. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma)
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12 pages, 1229 KiB  
Article
TAS2R38 Bitter Taste Receptor Polymorphisms in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps Preliminary Data in Polish Population
by Joanna Jeruzal-Świątecka, Edyta Marta Borkowska, Martyna Borkowska and Wioletta Pietruszewska
Biomedicines 2024, 12(1), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12010168 - 12 Jan 2024
Viewed by 953
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects 5–12% of the general population, and the most challenging patients are those with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Its complexity, unpredictability, and difficulties in selecting a treatment plan individually for each patient prompted scientists to look for possible genetic causes of [...] Read more.
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects 5–12% of the general population, and the most challenging patients are those with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Its complexity, unpredictability, and difficulties in selecting a treatment plan individually for each patient prompted scientists to look for possible genetic causes of this disease. It was proven that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TAS2R38 gene may affect the mobility and the activity of the ciliated epithelium of the upper respiratory tract what can contribute to individual differences in susceptibility to CRS. There are two common haplotypes: a “protective” type (PAV), and a “non-protective” type (AVI). CRS patients who are homozygous PAV/PAV are considered as less susceptible to the severe course of the disease, whereas patients with AVI/AVI haplotype are more vulnerable. The aim of this study was to examine TAS2R38 gene polymorphisms among CRSwNP patients and control group (N = 544) with the evaluation of the association between the distribution of studied polymorphic variants and the incidence as well as severity of CRSwNP in the study group. Whole blood samples from CRSwNP patients (N = 106) and the control group (N = 438) were analyzed for alleles of the TAS2R38 gene using real-time PCR single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays for rs713598, rs1726866, and rs10246939. PAV (SG: 41%; CG: 49%) and AVI (SG: 59%; CG: 51%) haplotypes were the only ones detected in the study. The AVI haplotypes were 1.5 times more frequent in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.0204; OR = 1.43). AVI/AVI individuals tended to have more severe symptoms in the VAS scale, less QoL in the SNOT-22 test, and a bigger nasal obstruction upon endoscopic examination. Patients with PAV/PAV were twice more likely to have minor changes in preoperative CT scans (p = 0.0158; OR = 2.1; Fi = 0.24). Our study confirmed that the PAV/PAV diplotype might have some protective properties and carrying the AVI haplotype might predispose to the development of CRSwNP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma)
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Graphical abstract

12 pages, 1792 KiB  
Article
Oncostatin M’s Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Focus on Type 1 and 2 Inflammation
by Chie Ishikawa, Sachio Takeno, Yukako Okamoto, Tomohiro Kawasumi, Takashi Kakimoto, Kota Takemoto, Manabu Nishida, Takashi Ishino, Takao Hamamoto, Tsutomu Ueda and Akio Tanaka
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3224; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123224 - 05 Dec 2023
Viewed by 768
Abstract
Objectives: The cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) elicits pathogenic effects involving disruption of the epithelial barrier function as a part of immunological response networks. It is unclear how these integrated cytokine signals influence inflammation and other physiological processes in the pathology of chronic rhinosinusitis [...] Read more.
Objectives: The cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) elicits pathogenic effects involving disruption of the epithelial barrier function as a part of immunological response networks. It is unclear how these integrated cytokine signals influence inflammation and other physiological processes in the pathology of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We investigated the expression and distribution of OSM and OSM receptor (OSMR) in CRS patients’ sinonasal specimens, and we compared the results with a panel of inflammatory cytokine levels and clinical features. Patients and Methods: We classified CRS patients as eosinophilic (ECRS, n = 36) or non-eosinophilic (non-ECRS, n = 35) based on the Japanese Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis phenotypic criteria and compared their cases with those of 20 control subjects. We also examined OSM’s stimulatory effects on cytokine receptor expression levels using the human bronchial epithelium cell line BEAS-2B. Results: RT-PCR showed that the OSM mRNA levels were significantly increased in the CRS patients’ ethmoid sinus mucosa. The OSM mRNA levels were positively correlated with those of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-13, and OSMR-β. In BEAS-2B cells, OSM treatment induced significant increases in the OSMRβ, IL-1R1, and IL-13Ra mRNA levels. Conclusions: OSM is involved in the pathogenesis of CRS in both type 1 and type 2 inflammation, suggesting the OSM signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for modulating epithelial stromal interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Asthma)
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