Dear Colleagues,

The human microbiota consists of trillions of microorganisms (mainly bacteria, fungi and archaea) that live in a commensal status in several niches of the body, of which the gut is the most important and extensively investigated. The microorganisms of the human microbiota are not just passive and inactive colonizers but interact with their hosts by affecting physiologically relevant processes. Alterations in the composition of human microbiota occur in several human diseases and contribute to their pathogenesis. Therefore, interventions aiming to restore the normal microbiota have been proven effective in the treatment or prevention of a heterogeneous group of diseases. In addition, evidence is emerging that human microbiota may also influence the response to pharmacological therapy by multiple, diverse mechanisms such as the presystemic metabolism of orally administered drugs, immune modulation, regulation of the permeability of the intestinal mucosa and release of biologically active mediators in the general circulation. These findings configure an intriguing scenario in which microbiota- and patient-targeting therapies reciprocally interact in the process of disease treatment. This Special Issue intends to offer an updated overview of what is known already and what is currently being investigated in this new field of combined patient/microbiota-targeting treatments. It aims to do so by evaluating, for instance, how these two different therapeutic approaches may synergize to achieve an improvement in the disease, or how patient microbiota should be considered a new factor in tailoring patient pharmacological treatment from a precision medicine perspective. Both review papers and original articles also including animal or in vitro studies, clinical trials, observational studies and case reports are welcome.

Dr. Mauro Cataldi

Guest Editor

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• precision medicine
• pharmacomicrobiomics
• microbiota
• pharmacokinetics
• pharmacodynamics
• bioavailability

• Advances in Pharmacomicrobiomics in Biomedicines (2 articles)