Telomerase and Telomeres: Role in Health and Aging, Volume II

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular and Translational Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 7578

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
Interests: telomerase; telomeres; aging; senescence-associated pathologies
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The history of the prediction, discovery, and study of telomerase is reminiscent of a thriller that has been unfolding before us for over 100 years. Back in the 1990s, new biotech firms popped up every day like mushrooms after the rain; the hope that immortality could be achieved for the human body was associated with the management of cellular immortality. This hope did not come true, but it did make it possible to formulate further goals more clearly. Today, we are far less concerned with extending life; instead, a perhaps more noble goal has arisen: increasing the length of a healthy life. Interestingly, telomerase is again able to influence the processes involved in this effort in the most unpredictable ways.

The aim of this Special Issue is to summarize the knowledge of telomerase functions and its role in the pathophysiology of aging-associated diseases and cancer.

Topics of the Special Issue include but are not limited to the following:

  • Telomerase and mitochondria, redox regulation;
  • Non-canonical functions of telomerase;
  • Telomerase, telomeres, SASP;
  • Inflamm-aging, senolytics;
  • Special role of telomerase in neurons;
  • Telomerase and cancer: Features of hTERT repression, fusion-bridge-breakage mechanism, circular chromosomes, and chromothripsis;
  • Telomerase, lifespan, body size;
  • Telomere position effect;
  • Telomeropathies: diskeratosis congenita, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, etc.;
  • Telomere measurement methods: comparisons;
  • G4 structures: role in telomeres and whole genome;
  • Splicing hTERT as a regulator.

Prof. Dr. Yegor E. Yegorov
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • telomerase
  • telomeres
  • SASP
  • redox regulation
  • non-canonical functions of telomerase
  • inflamm-aging
  • senolytics
  • cancer
  • lifespan
  • healthspan
  • telomeropathies
  • G4 structures

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

20 pages, 1932 KiB  
Review
Multiple Actions of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Cell Death Regulation
by Anastasia I. Palamarchuk, Elena I. Kovalenko and Maria A. Streltsova
Biomedicines 2023, 11(4), 1091; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11041091 - 4 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2629
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a core part of telomerase, has been known for a long time only for its telomere lengthening function by reverse transcription of RNA template. Currently, TERT is considered as an intriguing link between multiple signaling pathways. The diverse intracellular [...] Read more.
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a core part of telomerase, has been known for a long time only for its telomere lengthening function by reverse transcription of RNA template. Currently, TERT is considered as an intriguing link between multiple signaling pathways. The diverse intracellular localization of TERT corresponds to a wide range of functional activities. In addition to the canonical function of protecting chromosome ends, TERT by itself or as a part of the telomerase complex participates in cell stress responses, gene regulation and mitochondria functioning. Upregulation of TERT expression and increased telomerase activity in cancer and somatic cells relate to improved survival and persistence of such cells. In this review, we summarize the data for a comprehensive understanding of the role of TERT in cell death regulation, with a focus on the interaction of TERT with signaling pathways involved in cell survival and stress response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Telomerase and Telomeres: Role in Health and Aging, Volume II)
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26 pages, 1523 KiB  
Review
Aging, Physical Exercise, Telomeres, and Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review
by David Hernández-Álvarez, Juana Rosado-Pérez, Graciela Gavia-García, Taide Laurita Arista-Ugalde, Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez, Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio and Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
Biomedicines 2023, 11(2), 598; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11020598 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 4552
Abstract
Human aging is a gradual and adaptive process characterized by a decrease in the homeostatic response, leading to biochemical and molecular changes that are driven by hallmarks of aging, such as oxidative stress (OxS), chronic inflammation, and telomere shortening. One of the diseases [...] Read more.
Human aging is a gradual and adaptive process characterized by a decrease in the homeostatic response, leading to biochemical and molecular changes that are driven by hallmarks of aging, such as oxidative stress (OxS), chronic inflammation, and telomere shortening. One of the diseases associated with the hallmarks of aging, which has a great impact on functionality and quality of life, is sarcopenia. However, the relationship between telomere length, sarcopenia, and age-related mortality has not been extensively studied. Moderate physical exercise has been shown to have a positive effect on sarcopenia, decreasing OxS and inflammation, and inducing protective effects on telomeric DNA. This results in decreased DNA strand breaks, reduced OxS and IA, and activation of repair pathways. Higher levels of physical activity are associated with an apparent increase in telomere length. This review aims to present the current state of the art of knowledge on the effect of physical exercise on telomeric maintenance and activation of repair mechanisms in sarcopenia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Telomerase and Telomeres: Role in Health and Aging, Volume II)
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